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It is expressed as, M x V = P x Q. The money together with velocity is the source of funding for economic activities. It shows that for a given stock of money, an increase in velocity helps finance a greater value of transactions than money could have done by itself. The velocity of money describes the amount of economic activity with a given money supply.
However, e-commerce can be categorized into the following types of business that are conducted via the Internet. This includes (Define E-business and E-commerce (what is the difference between e-business and e-commerce): E-commerce transactional Websites; Relationship and service-oriented websites; Brand Building Website; Portal Website.
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High-quality interface design offers considerable optimistic outcomes. A high-class design is a procedure that requires an understanding of systems design procedures and user properties, like users' substantial restrictions, characteristics, and inspirations. User interface design should be developed with straightforward, unbiased, and reliable screens.
Web browsers do not carry an immense business scope but they have become the representatives of the technology itself. They are the vehicles that carry you along with the fascinating world of the web while eliminating the reliance on any additional software aids. Today’s web browsers are supposed to provide possibly all functionalities.
International trade theory establishes that the lower the currency rate of exchange, the higher will be the net export volume, which is actually beneficial for the economic growth of an economy. China adopted this very strategy and hence, climbed up the peak of growth post-globalization, although other economies have to compensate for the same.
As time progressed, tools became more complex and human societies began to flourish. Research into the fields of mechanics, metallurgy, and other industrial fields created new jobs and opportunities. The development of computers and the Internet marked the new acceleration rate in the information technologies revolution.
From this paper it is clear that to obtain such a pattern, the selected area aperture is placed in the image plane of the objective lens and used to select only one part of the image. Using projector lenses to focus on electron beams to obtain small spots on the object surface, the diffraction patterns can be obtained.
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Man always wished to fly, after he made automobiles and ships. Several efforts were made since the early 1400’s to watch the skies closely. Ornithopters, Hot air balloons and Gliders have seen light in this process. In 1903 the Wright brothers came up with a flight model and since then the aircrafts have been undergoing many changes.
It is essential to state that Greece is the 32nd largest economy in the world with a GDP in 2010 of US$ 320 billion (CIA factbook). Greece became a member of the EU (European Union) in 1999 and a member of the EMU (European Monetary Union) in 2001. Since 2009, the Greek economy has seen negative growth.
Compared to its closed-door policies until the mid-1970s, the liberalization it initiated has generated more business opportunities for entrepreneurs. When the government relaxed its price control and promoted foreign investment, the US started to invest in PRC beginning in 1979 after both countries establish diplomatic relations.
This essay demonstrates that the working principle of a TEM is that when electrons are accelerated up to high energy levels and then focused onto a specimen, they scatter or backscatter elastically or in-elastically, producing many different interactions that are a source of signals like X-Rays, enabling magnification of ultra-microscopic particles.
E-commerce and e-business have four basic perspectives including online communications, business deliveries, service provisions, and business transactions. Each of these perspectives provides the basis for the development of a system while introducing some structural, operational, environmental, and infrastructural changes.
Turbofan is the most ubiquitous type of air-breathing engine and refers to a gas turbine engine that is designed to work for subsonic speeds. It is a unique type of internal combustion engine which does not have any reciprocating parts, such as the car engine.
This is a passive filter circuit that combines inductance and capacitance to allow a specific range of signal frequency to pass and stops those out of its range. The simple LC network forms a series-tuned network, where if we consider the low pass filter the series component reactance increases while that of the shunt component decreases.
The whole universe is believed to be made of two things: matter and energy. Both energy and matter are inter-convertible even though it is impossible for us to create matter or energy. In fact, energy can neither be created nor be destroyed even though we can transform energy from one form into different forms.
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As the aircraft moves horizontally, the shape of the wings create a pressure gradient beneath its top and bottom surface, hence creating a vertically upwards force (Munson, Young and Okiishi).
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The Lift force is created according to the hydrostatical theorem of the Archimedes principle. According to this principle, the aircraft will be buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the air displaced by the aircraft.
Diffusion on the molecular level is said to be the result of natural Brownian movement, where molecules randomly move through the diffusion medium, because of the agitation caused by thermal characteristics of the medium. In all the displacement of the molecules comes up to zero by mean figures but over time, there are positive probabilities.
This is because they are lighter, have higher workability, better impact resistance, and can be easily colored. The physical properties of glass are compared in figure 5.1. Fig. 5.1: Comparison of physical properties of glass and plastics (Weber, 2003). Commonly used optical polymers apart from PMMA and PC include polystyrene (styrene) (PS), polymethylpentene (TPX), polyetherimide (PEI), stryrene acrylonitrile (SAN), acrylic/styrene copolymer, methyl methacrylate styrene copolymer (NAS), polysulfone, allyl diglycol carbonate (CR-39) (ADC), Telfon (Telfon AF® ) (TPFE), acrylonitrile, butadienne, and styrene terpolymer (ABS), amorphous polyamide, and fluorinated-(ethylenic-cyclo oxyaliphatic
When a low energy positron collides with a low energy electron, there is an emittance of two gamma rays in the opposite direction. This phenomenon, also called positron annihilation, results in two gamma rays at 180° and with 0.511 MeV of energy moving in opposite directions.
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The site descriptions for the areas provide physical views and logical dimensions as viewed on maps and the ground. The calculations of the measurements provided are a representation of the estimates that are used in solving the problem. The results positively indicate the extent of the damage and predict the next step in solving the problem.
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Evidence for (or against) water on Mars.
The issue of presence of water on mars has been a challenging question for many astronomers since 1877. “In the 1800s, human imaginations ran wild as astronomers glimpsed what they took to be canals on the Martian surface.
The crucial elements of the physical aspects of the earthquakes are the energy that is dissipated, which also have far-reaching consequences on the life of human beings. In this regard, it is agreeable that the studies that are oriented toward studying the impacts of the amounts of energy that are produced by the seismic events are also pertinent.
If the positive side of the ohmmeter is connected to the P-material and the negative side to the N-material the diode will be forward biased and due to this the voltmeter will at an appropriate scale will indicate some resistance. When the two ohmmeter leads are reversed the diode will be reverse biased and this indicates whether a diode is good or bad.
Even a period of exposure to media violence intensifies expectations of aggression as a means of resolving a conflict. The study also demonstrates that even where there is no conflict, exposure to media violence can influence the exposed individual to misinterpret situations as possible hotbeds of conflict which in turn leads to expectations of aggression and thus invokes aggressive behavior.
The magnetic geophysical method is a scientific approach that is used to measure variations or anomalies that are localized and small in the magnetic field of the earth. Materials found on the surface of the earth such as the basic igneous rocks, and the ore magnetic bodies are helpful when it comes to the identification of the magnetic variations because they have the magnetic properties.
In the second law of thermodynamics, when complex systems undergo a certain change, then the system will either maintain their current order or decrease their order. This means that a change in a system cannot increase the order of the system. This principle can be well applied in our day to day life.
Frequencies encoding gradients and phase encoding gradients are both essential parts of the spatially encoded data. It is true that using the induced differences in the frequency and the phase of precession, makes the data amenable for analysis by the Fourier transform (the read of the MR signal stored in the K-space represents the Fourier plane).
The existing boundaries between fat and compact bone are normally affected by the transverse magnetic field de-phasing and signal distortion. The consequence of the above is that frequency positions in the wrong location in the phase direction. Different results have been found from different body areas which have varying magnetic field strengths.
Examples of these tissues include the interfaces involving bones and tissues that are found in the sinus and the lungs like the maxillary, mastoid, and ethmoid sinuses. Water proton amounts found in the inhomogeneity of the local field will result in off-resonance. The frequency changes of such spins vary in different regions and different patients.
Therefore, this chapter details previous studies on the optical and thermal analysis of optical materials. The basics of ray tracing, optical features and thermal analysis are described first, followed by a discussion on previous investigations on optical, thermal and physical properties of glasses and polymeric materials such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).
Whether it’s our industries, our medical research, surgical procedures, or even defense mechanisms, lasers have gained immense importance in all of these aspects. This significance is no surprise, as the precision and accuracy that one can achieve with the help of lasers are unmatched. They gained extreme significance in our major daily processes.
EPI is a fast, flexible imaging method, with good contrast and resolution, and with many potential applications in clinical imaging, such as functional MRI and rapid entire brain imaging. Though, EPI can be very unforgiving and requires careful parameter selection. EPI is fast because it uses single excitation of a slice followed by the continuous readout.
Theoretical Review of Optical Materials used in Concentrating Photovoltaic (CPV) Technology. Solar cells produce electrical current in direct proportion to the amount of solar radiation falling on them. By increasing the intensity of solar radiation, it is possible to significantly increase the efficiency of electricity production by these cells.
Innovative ideas have come out to save the earth from the destruction of its ozone layer. World population is expected to increase by about 10 billion by the year 2050 and if electricity demands are not programmed by now, there will surely be insurmountable problems for the people and the deterioration of the environment will exacerbate.
Accurate image reconstruction depends on resonance frequency (rf) of a spin, which is achieved by strong homogenous external field and superposition of a spatially linear gradient. If these conditions are not met, then the relative positions of anatomical structures will be misrepresented in the reconstructed MRI image.
The US launched its first satellite Explorer I in 1958, soon after the Soviet Sputnik in 1957. This was the start of space race. The race is in the Cold War era when both nations strived for supremacy in every field. The period was a set of high tension incidents without direct military action.
Another way is through the atomic emission and absorption of light photons to generate photothermal effect producing thermal energy that converts photon’s energy to molecular vibrations, photoelectric effect that yields electrical energy from kinetic energy, and photochemical effect that renders storage of energy out of chemical changes.
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This area has some certain properties that distinguish it from other zones that do not support life. When looking at the properties of the Goldilocks Zone, it is the same as looking for conditions that can sustain life. These conditions include the presence of liquid water, suitable amount of sunshine, and a breathable atmosphere (Brian, 2011).
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The block diagram represents a 6-12V, 300mA circuit that charges batteries using solar cells that draw power directly from sunlight. The circuit can be divided into 3 parts: the voltage regulator, the comparator and the battery voltage checker. The voltage regulator controls the voltage and current from the solar panels to the battery.
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The phrase ‘global warming’ has become very much familiarized by many people in the modern world. Global warming is now being considered to be the only cause and challenge for environmental protection. Many environmental activists have provided how global warming is going to affect the environment, as they have all come to the same conclusion.
They are all the same kind of wavy disturbance that duplicates itself over a distance called the wavelength. Electromagnetic waves comprise an amalgamation of oscillating electrical and magnetic fields, perpendicular to each other. This is complicated to visualize, however, the waveform has similar distinctiveness to other types of waves (Evans 34).
Energy is basically the ability to perform work and to move heat. Energy is required for the performance of work. Energy exists in different forms in this world and there are different sources of energy. These include fossil fuels, nuclear energy, and light energy. Energy may be classified to be renewable and non-renewable.
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The Mayan prophecy states that many devastating events will occur in December 2012 at a certain time that will lead to the destruction of the earth. On one hand, the astronomical knowledge of this ancient meso-american civilization is known to be far ahead of their times.
For sample 238, the transmission is directly proportion to the wavelength of the projected light. As the wavelength increases, the percentage transmission increases but a rapid increase in the percentage transmission can be seen by the projection of light from wave length of 455nm to 627nm.
Within this dissertation, an examinatio of ferro-, ferri-, and paramagnetic fields and how they all behave distinctly and how the level of magnetism of an object can be measured using a superconducting quantum interfering device (SQUID), the Magnetic Optical Kerr Effect (MOKE), or a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) will be examined.
One of these important functions includes the regulation of the money supply in the country. This is dealt with by the monetary policy of that particular country which has its limitations and demands serious attention from not only the policymakers but also the public who would have to follow these policies.
Images in TEM are obtained by focusing an electron beam on the specimen. The electrons are absorbed, transmitted, scattered or backscattered. Depending on the kind of image required by the operator, either the transmitted electrons (called direct beam) or the scattered electrons (called diffracted beam) is selected.
The above micrographs represent a Secondary electron image (SE) and a Backscatter electron image (BSE) of the same region of an asbestos sample.The SE image appears more three dimensional than the BSE image. The cluster of fibers at the center in the SE image appears more rounded, while the one in the BSE appears flat.