Finance & Accounting Essays

Eternity in every second – this is the best characteristic of Bach’s music. His genius made headway in Germany, breaking the notorious thesis of the “German wretchedness” of the day. Northern Baroque would be unthinkable without Bach’s oeuvre. Musicologists and scientist dispute for a long time about the nature of Bach’s success.

From this research, it is clear that Linear Technology started paying dividends in 1992 approximately six years after it was listed on NASDAQ. This meant that the company gave itself some time to grow to a certain level to the extent that it thought that its earnings were somewhat sustainable before it started paying out dividends.

Finance Concepts and their Application. Financial managers play an important role in any organization. They are responsible for an organization’s financial resources. They are guardians of these funds and have a responsibility to invest these funds in a way that yields the highest possible return and at the same time providing liquidity to an organization.

Cost Volume Profit Analysis and Costing for the 21st Century Introduction Globalization, economic fluctuation, and competition highly influence the flow of businesses. These happenings could either bring a good effect or a bad effect to any industry. In the case of the manufacturing firms, they base their success on the profitability of the products that they are offering.

Following is a description of how Chevron Corp., Eaton Corporation, Kroger Co. and Wall-Mart Stores Inc. have performed in the last year. Current ratios have been low for Kroger and Wall-Mart, with 0.87 and 0.9 however; Chevron and Eaton have adequate current assets to pay off immediate obligations. Wall-Mart is the lowest ranked in terms of the current ratio within the industry.

The concepts of risk and return therefore are most important while estimating cost of equity and as such capital asset pricing model is considered as one of the most important models to estimate the cost of equity by correlating risk and reward with each other.

Business always requires to make proper appraisal of its people and this can be achieved only if it depends on accurate and effective costing method. Strict compliance to a specific costing method has always been considered to be vital to measuring and assessing the costs incurred especially in today’s contexts in which more advanced manufacturing techniques are used.

Option Pricing Theory is any model or theory used for calculating the value of an option. The Black-Scholes model and the binomial model are the most commonly used option pricing models. These have errors because their options are derived from assets. In a company’s stock, time does affect the theories because the process of calculating option pricing takes a long time or is done after years.

The author states that the boom in the housing market started growing as the stock bubble grew up in the last decade of the 20th century. In simple terms, the logic governing the growth of the housing bubble was one such that the wealthy were spending the money they had accumulated from the favorable stock markets.

Traditionally, management accounting has been blamed for only considering information from the financial departments while ignoring what the decision-making authorities would have liked to know. The traditional methods of providing management information were tedious and did not facilitate the participation of the management accountants in an organization's decision-making tasks.

According to the Pension Plan Act of 2006 new standards were established in connection to the new methods of funding for the United States benefit pension plans. In the year 2008, Coca-Cola’s status of funding for the U.S based benefit pension plan fundamentally declined to owe to the general decline in the stock market of the entire nation.

Some may also depict law costs of production characterized by cheap power, raw materials, and transport. Since Abercrombie and Fitch is one of the multinational companies forecasting to open and expand new market in the rapidly growing and stabilizing Brazilian economy, it must first consider understanding various risks likely to occur in it.

The managers sometimes take decisions which negatively affect the entire organisation. They should not only focus on the interest of the customers but also on other stake holders and the intangible assets. Financial crisis can affect the financial structure of the companies resulting in harming their reputation.

Long Share Profit or Loss = Current Stock Price – Spot Share Price. When the current stock price is $121 and the Purchase price is $171, the Long Share Profit or Loss = $(121-171) = -$50. Option Value = Strike Price – Current Stock Price. For instance, when the strike price is $165 and the current stock price is $121, the Option Value = $(165-121) = $44.

To do this, we had to conduct research on the two companies’ performance over the years and analyzed the data using financial ratios and statistical graphs. From our findings we found out that fantastic holdings has good gross profit margins but has higher expenses rates which reduces the net profit margin.

The government has offered funds for creating small businesses and I have developed a personal interest in establishing one. I therefore, in this paper, discuss the scope of a small business by exploring advantages and disadvantages of a sole proprietorship, types of financial statements for each form of business organization, tax, and legal implications for each form of business organization, proposed products for my small business, my preferred form of business organization, and the rationale for my choice.

Transfer pricing provides a multinational organization with an opportunity to reduce risks associated with the exchange rates. The purchasing power of the currency declines when it depreciates. As such, a corporation based in that region is obliged to pay more for imports. On the other hand, organizations earn less from revenues when the currency depreciates.

First, I will discuss the factors I considered when enrolling for course in Business Administration. Second, I will address the issue of the expenses related to the course. Finally, the essay will discuss the expected returns after completion of the course in terms of employment opportunity.

In order to provide Dr. White round about cost reduction of $ 94,000, the research paper provides the justification for the costs that can be reduced to achieve the targeted cost reduction. The paper also states perspectives relating to how managerial accounting is different from cost accounting.

Accounting Research THESIS STATEMENT This paper intends to discuss about a particular area of moral hazard which is associated with the management accounting concept. It further intends to elaborate about how this area delivers significant benefits to the managers and the organizations as a whole.

The benefit of an audit is that it provides an assurance concerning that the management has considered authentic and fair data while preparing financial statements. A firm’s auditor helps the management in obtaining a true and fair view of the stakeholders towards the management and ultimately towards the organization.

The overall interest rate that you firm will pay the 3-month Interbank Offered Rate that varies on the daily basis plus 2% per quarter. The amount of interest that your company will pay is 25,000,000*2%*89/360 = 123,611 Euros per quarter plus the amount that is determine by Interbank Offer Rate.

6 Porter Five Forces 6 Question 3: Imagine you are the new owner. What are the next steps you would take in terms of strategy and why? Where do you see areas to improve? 7 References 8 Question 1: Do you agree with the owner that there is a fit regarding the company strategy and resources?

1). The corporate name was coined from the first initials of the family names of Adrian Dalsey, Larry Hillblom and Robert Lynn, who “personally transported cargo documents from San Francisco to Honolulu by plane” (DHL: History, 2011, par. 2). With the traditional concept, the evolution of delivery of postal documents emerged through international air express.

High speed gives way to either heating or freezing of the celestial bodies. Thus blue-shifted and the red-shifted vague specters reflect the reality of really high speed at which the Local Group moves in a constant manner. This flow is never ending and provides us with a deeper understanding of the state of affairs in the galaxies throughout the universe.

As Deloitte, Touche, Ernst and Young (2004) point out, an effective internal control over financial reporting is the key element to improve management of records and enhanced preparation of consistent financial reports. This comprehensive process requires the involvement of people at all levels of the company.

The banking sector is a crucial component of the economy.  Provision of financial and consumption of financial services is essential in the pursuit of economic and social growth and development. However, certain scenarios observed in that pursuit negatively affect the economy, spreading these effects to the entire public.

Changes in corporate governance can occur in various distinct ways which include election of a new board of directors by shareholders, changes in the company’s ownership through merger and acquisition among other factors etc (Minow and Monks 2011). The announcement of a change in corporate governance can have an effect on the performance of the company and as such this paper shall carry out an event study to determine the effect of the announcement of a merger between Inbev and Anheuser Busch which was made on 11th June 2008 on the share price of the Inbev Busch.

Pragmatism is the most important distinction between Beck and other sociologists. Beck with the comprehensive research has given the researchers practical guidelines to evaluate the intensity of risks present on the global scale. Then he also identified proper rules and guidelines for the people to mitigate the intensity of these risks.

Research work that has been done by various authors is taken into consideration. It focuses on three key areas: One is the determination of the price of a single name CDS security and demonstration of how the price of a CDS is obtained for a listed company using a specific pricing model. Secondly, it presents a review of sensitivities and spillover effects on CDS spread from the bond, equity.

The last decade of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century has seen a number of corporate accounting scandals in Europe and the U.S., including Enron, HealthSouth, Parmalat, Tyco, WorldCom, and Xerox. The concept of earning management generally has been at the center of these scandals.

Legal frameworks and moral constructs regulate behavior among professionals. Politically established rules that are enforced by legal systems regulate legal environments while enforcement of ethical provisions majorly relies on an individual’s conscience and fundamentals of integrity. Accounting is one of the professions that experience legal and moral breaches as employees engage in malpractices.

Contextually, to achieve the desired returns through the effective controlling of finances, organizational managers require considering proper budget allocations, resource availability checks, maintaining accounting records, forecasting and continually assessing fixed and variable costs as well as operating ratios among others.

The central banking system was set up under a situation of continuous financial panic in the economy of the US. The structure, roles and responsibilities of the Federal Reserve have undergone rapid changes over the years which have been mainly stimulated by the events like the Great Depression, Global Financial Crisis, etc.

However, many organizations still succeed in finding out the loopholes in the accounting standards and seek the room for manipulating the financial statements. There are various motives, which work behind such accounting breaches practice. For instance, the financial statements are reflected to the users of financial statements in such a way that the true picture of financial performance and position of the organization can be replaced with ready-made financial result in order to reflect the desired portrait of the organization.

Livent, Inc., a Toronto based company is a potent example of a company that encountered fraudulent schemes. Despite the company having a strong desire to succeed among other competitors, it was declared bankruptcy in Canada and the United States. It was evident that the company had overstated its revenues in the year 1997 and 1998.

The purpose of this project was to simulate stock market investment trading and facilitate decisions with a comfortable budget and enough time during a term to be flexible. The Wall Street Journal MarketWatch site offered just such a simulation portfolio and online gaming. I assembled a portfolio that included industry leaders and star performers Apple (AAPL) and eBay (EBAY).

A company listed on the bourses can raise its finance through both equity and debt financing but an unlisted company can raise its finances only through debt financing as its main source. Since all companies can raise money through debt financing, it is considered the main source of finance for a company of any size. 

The purpose of this research is to investigate the following: the need for risk assessment; financial threat assessment; drug trade as a source of finance; overall cost of war; need for financial threat assessment; corruption in Afghanistan and Iraq; institutionalization of the financial risk assessment and counter threat finance and implications for future

The hedging instrument is to have a maturity greater by at least one month than the hedged asset. The company must have a short position (i.e. sell) ASX 90 days interest rate futures contract because it would be a future borrower on the spot market. Several contracts are computed as the contract amount*hedge ratio/ price of the futures contract.

The author of this paper states that traditionally it has been regarded that in international trade the countries simply use to export the goods suitable for its factor endowment and technology and import the goods that it could not produce due to lack of support from its natural conditions and production factors availability.

This paper primarily focuses on the evaluation of the efficiency of the alteration of the housing policies of the new coalition administration in the UK, which came to power in 2010. The idea behind social housing refers to a system of housing which is affordable. This permits people to on low rents and with security.

They are made to ensure that the financial statements are based on the matching principle and revenue recognition concept . These requires that revenues be recorded when earned and expenses are matched to the accounting period, when the revenue they helped produce, was earned .

In November 2010, the Chinese Government imposed a ban on the import of Australian rock lobsters into the Chinese market. However, at the same time, China continued to import lobster from New Zealand and South Africa. The Chinese Government’s decision baffled the authorities of the Australian fishing community. 

From the paper, the effectiveness of strategies of modern organizations can be influenced by a series of factors. The organizational profits but also the response of the customers to a firm’s strategic decisions indicate the ability of the organization to identify plans that are aligned with the market trends.

This can be calculated using profit volume (P/V) ratio or contribution margin. The formula for P/V ratio is as follows: P/V ratio = (Contribution ? Sales) x 100 The contribution margin indicates the contribution that each unit of a product makes to fixed cost.

The discussion was based on the relationship marketing strategies adopted by the company. It has been argued that traditional marketing has failed to interact properly with its customers and had put the customers as the last option which ultimately led to believe that organization tends to over promise but under deliver (Mitussis, O’Malley & Patterson, 2005).

Some of the major performance measurement tools that are being used in the current business scenario include a Balanced Scorecard, Economic Value Added (EVA), Activity Based Costing and Management, Performance Prism, and Quality Management. However, among the aforementioned tools, the importance and usage of a balanced scorecard will be principally highlighted throughout the entire report.        

At the time of dissolution of business the valuation is done for all assets and liabilities. All the liabilities are settled first from the assets amount and then the left over amount is for the owner. In this case the value in balance sheet is given but the value is just the historical value in which all the depreciation and accumulated impairment loss was deducted and the final amount is in balance sheet.

According to James J. Leisenring, former Vice Chairman of the FASB and currently a member of the IASB, in his article, “The Meaning of Neutral Financial is reporting,” said, The dissemination of biased and thus potentially misleading information is bad for all interests in market-driven economies.