Finance & Accounting Essays

In relation to the structure of the current study and the research aim that the researcher seeks to achieve, the inductive philosophy is followed. Easterby-Smith (2002) explained inductive research, stating that in inductive research, the researcher depends on data collected during the research to construct theory.

Since a large amount of the wealth of the people of the United States is invested in the stock markets, an adverse position of the markets will affect the net-worth of the individual. Thus the investors will tend to cut their spending and this will be reflected in the reduction of the housing investments by the consumers.

In addition to this, these seminars and workshops are helpful in learning from the experience of some of the top management people in different organizations as they share their own experiences as well. This report represents and analyzes seminar 3 which was related to Ratio analysis and its implications in the real world.

Credit risk is systemic, the integrated result of the implications on the entire financial system. Credit risk analysis should consider both the national economic environment parameters and international pressures. One of the direct systemic risk consequences is the cost increase of individual risks.

S. (1997) ‘Science Policy and Technology Policy in a Competitive Economy’ International Journal of Social Economics Vol. 24 Nos.7/8/9 pp.723-740 Overview Metcalf considers science and technology as required disciplines informing innovation policy. He advocates a combination of industry and academia to generate knowledge and technology support systems with policy providing process guidelines.

From a marketing perspective, this is referred to as marketing audit or environmental scanning (Lancaster & Reynolds 1999). Both the external as well as internal environments have a bearing on the way an organisation operates.

The pleasure of this program is that the cost and reward exist but they are also reversed according to social convention. Cost, Reward and Roles are reversed according to societal norms. As an example in an early series, Ben, the dog, is walking Stewie. Stewie goes poop and proceeds to tell Ben in his intellectual voice, "Pick it up".

Methyl mercury, inorganic mercury compounds such as mercuric chloride and mercuric cyanide, mercury vapor, ethyl mercury, phenyl mercury and hair mercury are the chemical forms of mercury to which people are commonly exposed. Major routes of exposure to mercury compounds are inhalation of contaminated air, ingestion of contaminated food and through eye or skin contact.

A lawyer’s profession covers several responsibilities to successfully carry out the cases being handled by them. To experience victory in a legal battle, it usually takes rigorous work of research, interviews and gathering of evidence. The lawyer cannot do this work alone. The lawyers should be relieved of the burden.

The unique characteristics can go a long way in helping children in shaping their understanding of the world around them. In the process, it traces the roots of this medium and charts its evolution into a highly interactive medium that is specifically designed to stimulate a keen sense of understanding and growth among the target audience.

The 2010 Deloitte survey on narrative reporting found that the average length of the annual report was 101 pages. As per the analysis of Accounting Standards Board (ASB), annual reports of organizations contain immaterial clutter that distracts the reader from the most important information.

The retail industry has evolved through major changes in the last decade. The industry has proved to be a major source of employment in countries like the US and the nature of the overall operation of the industry has undergone rapid changes. Despite the recession faced in the US, which hit them badly, the retail sector was the less affected one.

A contribution is a reward or compensation to a common fund or compilation. It can be referred to as the payment which an individual offers for any particular purpose. Besides, the entire contributed amount of an individual is calculated based on price and cost. Moreover, contribution varies from one individual to another.

There are three working capital policies that have to be put in place in order to reduce future difficulties as a company. Lawrence Sports must realize that it can’t make more payments than purchases and expect to make a profit. The company must make a policy to ensure that it is always taking in more money than it is spending.  

Financial accounting mainly focus on summaries past financial dealings which are reported periodically in contrast, management accounting evaluate past, present and future information which are reported continually to be used in making appropriate decisions.

But to survive in the long run a company needs to maximize its shareholder’s wealth. To fulfill this objective the concept of corporate governance becomes essential. Corporate governance is a collection of principles and systems that helps the company to add value and increase its shareholder’s wealth (Thomson, 2009, p.1).

The factors that should be considered are the willingness of the owners to change the ownership structure of the company. The offering of common stock will definitely alter the ownership structure of the company. The taking up of a bond will mean that the company will owe a financial institution some financial obligation.

The report also presents a summary and critical review of the layout of an article chosen for this purpose which is titled “Educational Validity of Business Gaming Simulation: A Research Methodology Framework”, which is authored by Andrew J. Stainton, Johnnie E.

The major purpose of financial reporting has always been to provide financial information in an accurate and transparent manner. Accurate financial reporting is one of the methods to track, review and monitor the financial performance of the company.  This helps in delivering financial information in a positive manner with the help of the accounting standards laid down by the various boards and organizations and the legal requirements.

This situation has been attributed to the rapid changing nature of consumer behaviour, where most consumers have become highly knowledgeable of the product and services they receive from service providers, making them highly critical of the selection of companies to work with (Candice, 2010).

Profit maximization includes reducing expenses and the expenditures of a company. This also depends on the business model that a company chooses to register for. The available choices include electing between a corporation and a partnership. Each of these voted have implications attached to them.

Types of capital control include exchange controls that prevent or limit the buying and selling of national currency at the market rate, caps on the allowed volume for the international sale or purchase of various financial assets, transaction taxes such as the proposed Tobin tax, minimum stay requirements, requirements for mandatory approval.

This research will focus on the methods of valuations that Expand Ltd may use as it seeks to either merge with another company or acquire it. The report will refer to stock market valuations and how they work. This report will also discuss the recent acquisition of the Skype by Microsoft Corporation, an American multinational corporation.

‘PowaPak’ is power-packed and provides ‘energy with every sip’. This drink is will be on the shelf before Christmas which is one of the busiest shopping seasons of the year. The Christmas season is busiest because it lasts for just under a month (The Free Library 2009). Bainbridge (2011) indicates that is the season for parties.

For Popper the concept of truth was difficult and that scientific discovery could be obtained without reliance on absolute or mathematical truths.  Ultimately, Popper was arguing for an innovative concept of testing hypotheses and theoretical assumptions.  In doing so, Popper set out to reject the induction principle.

A profit and loss account provides an account of the income and outgoings of the business during an accounting period, usually twelve months. The income of a business is usually sales revenue, with the direct costs of generating that income deducted from the total to give the gross profit.

A probe attached to it feels the surface of the object along with definite points thereby generating dimensions in x, y, and z coordinates. This has specific uses in reverse engineering where a well-designed model can be reverse engineered to ascertain its dimensions. This is ideal for manufacturing components where the technical backup to produce such a product.

Investors vary with regard to their portfolio objectives (Gitman & Johnk 1996, p. 660). In contrast, “an income-oriented portfolio stresses current dividend and interest returns” (Gitman & Joehnk 1996, p. 660). For Gitman & Joehnk, it is of fundamental importance to identify the portfolio objectives before making the decision to invest (p. 660).

The overall standards of financial information in all aspects: materiality, neutrality, reliability, relevance, and prudence improved by a fair margin. There is an urgent need to come up with more such laws in other parts of the world as well so that the overall credibility and accuracy of the financial information gets better internationally.

Securitization is a form of structured finance where an issuer creates a financial instrument by combining financial assets based on the cash flows and risks associated with a given asset or a pool of assets and then marketing different tiers of the repackaged instruments to investors. Securitization accommodates all financial assets.

There is the automation of habitual and recurring responsibilities central to the running of the firm; for instance, the Point-of-Sale, setting up payrolls, and depot operations. The output of the TPS can be categorized into three critical types; namely, counts and summary reports, response to systems operator, and input to other systems. 

An equity investment is supposed to provide long-term value growth and the possibility of dividend income. The value of shares can at some time become volatile by being either a declining or a rising trend in the overall market period. The stock market index in the U.S. has been declining in the recent past due to the financial wrangles being witnessed in Europe.

Various strategies were put in place aiming at putting at bay the competitors and increasing the company profitability. With control of more than 17% of the UK supermarket sector, Sainsbury's is the third-largest supermarket in the UK. Despite its early establishment by Mary Ann and James Sainsbury, it faced stiff competition from Tesco and Asda in 1995.

The project entails plotting of dependent variable against the five independent variables and also amongst the independent variables with the aim of finding out whether any relationship exists; and if it exists, establish whether it is direct or indirect. In addition, regression analysis will be conducted to especially find out the patterns of the regression equations and the p-value.

The third quality is that the system should produce timely and reliable information for decision-making purposes. The organization should meet the needs of its shareholders, customers, suppliers, employees, and even regulatory authorities. Finally, efficiency in the organization ensures that resources are optimally utilized so as to minimize waste.

Analysis and interpretation report of Fletcher Building Limited Executive Summary Being one of New Zealand’s largest companies with over 100 years building experience, the Board of Directors of NZ Saver Limited are interested in investing in Fletcher Building Limited and as such, have requested for an analysis of the performance report of the corporation.

It can be comprehended that the transmission mechanism of monetary policy is indeed an important and effective framework that can be implemented to develop accurate forecasting of the economic performances in the short run, based on the interest rate fluctuations observed within the domestic market. 

To be precise there were three product lines and a newly proposed line of products, namely 911, Boxster, Cayenne, and Panamera. As far as the profitability of the company was concerned, it has been quite impressive in the past decade in the automotive industry, as the growth and profit margin of the company in Figure 1 reveals. 

As a move to cut transport and logistics costs, I have instructed authorities to set their priorities right. Doing so will help facilitate and ensure that the organization of supplies is adequately done. Under logistics, the schedule of shipping should also be adequate to work with a given timeline.

The conclusion from this study states that Indian stock exchanges are poised for major growth. India was a leader of the non-aligned movement, and it seems that this can be shown in the orientation of the BSE and the NSE. The NSE's recent growth shows that the Indian economy and investors in the region value stability and quality control.

d there are newer products that are being launched every other day, apple is undoubtedly the present leader but things may change within no time. Dell, Hp and Lenovo give apple a run for its money when it comes to computer hardware. Media player and Windows operating system are the two main rivals of apple when it comes to playing music.

Decision-making is not an easy task within an organization and the management needs to apply various decision-making styles based on the nature of the situation. The three directors of MBC William, Imran and Harry depict various decision-making styles based on the decisions that they have made in the firm as examined in this section.

The Body Shop is headquartered at Littlehampton in the United Kingdom. This paper will discuss the company’s history, marketing tactics, operating and competition strategies, and financial position. History As cited in Hofstetter and Jenni (2011), Anita Roddick visited a Californian based cosmetics shop called ‘The Body Shop’, which was run by Peggy Short and Jane Saunders in the early 1970s.

As a small business an important ratio category to consider is the liquidity of the business. A company that is liquid has sufficient cash to pay for all the expenses of the firm during a period. The current ratio is calculated by dividing current assets by current liabilities.

Flayton Electronics Advanced technology in the computer industry has come with increased insecurity of operating them. More than before, companies find themselves in a fix after their confidential data leaks to persons outside the company. Hackers of the 21st century have equipped themselves with knowledge to crack firewalls and decode encryption of any kind of data.

Accountancy is not a profession Introduction Accounting or accountancy is the procedure that is used for conveying necessary business information to various users (Elliot and Elliot, 2004). This communication takes place mainly in the form of financial statements, which show the economic resources that are controlled by a firm’s management.

The secondary market deals with second-hand securities, these are securities that have already been issued by companies that are listed on a stock exchange. Since the securities are listed and traded on the stock exchange, the secondary market is also called the stock market. In the primary market, companies interact with investors directly while in the secondary market investors interact with themselves.

Saudis Cosmetic Co. Ltd is a Saudi Arabia Company that was established back in 1985, with an aim of selling cosmetic products categorized as skin care, beauty care, perfume, hair care, and sun block products as well as a wide variety of clinic series. In 1981, the company was awarded national as well as international awards in Geneva for demonstrating innovation in its products.  

The author states that technical analysis cannot be used to predict and beat the market. Proponents of this form of market efficiency claim that fundamental analysis can be used to identify stocks that are undervalued and overvalued enabling research by investors looking for profitable companies to invest in the semi-strong form of efficiency.

China has experienced tremendous growth and has achieved spectacular success over the last few decades. These changes have influenced china’s key investment markets, stock markets, and real estate to undergo a series of transformations and development. These changes have taken place since the first initiation of economic reforms, time when the open policy was adopted in 1978.