Finance & Accounting Essays

Deng Xiaoping was a China reformist who initiated the country’s economic rice to the modern world of trade in the 1980s. He led to the introduction of policies that resulted in opening up China's economic relations on a global scale. The use of the Chinese Yuan as the legal tender and its pegging against the US dollar in the exchange markets contributed to the economic rise in the country.

The debate surrounding the value of the real has concentrated mostly on the nominal bilateral exchange rate versus the dollar (Guimara?es 15). However, what matters for competitiveness is the actual effective exchange rate, which accounts for the evolution of prices and the real weight of trade partners.

The absolute return measures the appreciation or depreciation in the stocks and the returns which are achieved over a specific period of time (McLaney, 2009). Relative return is the concept in which the performance of one stock is compared to that of another. In this concept, the performance of one stock is benchmarked by the performance of another stock.

Zoromé gave a definition to the offshore financial centre as “a country or jurisdiction that provides financial services to nonresidents on a scale that is incommensurate with the size and the financing of its domestic economy.” When a country serves as an offshore financial centre, it comes with a number of advantages for the host country.

Equity differs from liability in the sense that equity depends on the kind of an account an individual owns. It might include preferred stock, common stock, retained earnings, stock options, reserve and capital surplus. IASB seeks to amend equity in terms of preferred stock in that the fixed dividend, which the bank pays an individual because of the profits, accrued before any dividend can be paid to an individual on common stock.

Regions around the world have developed lightning speed. Due to the modernization drives the regions could accommodate facilities that serve the purpose of a larger number of people at the same time. The facilities included building up roads connecting distant lands, bridges that shorten the distance for traveling to specific destinations and which reduced the time taken for traveling.

The irrational behavior of the officials of the real estate market resulted in the financial crisis, which was a hard blow to the global financial market. Granting of loans in an uncontrolled manner, which resulted in the value of the loan exceeding that of the assets, was the root of the problem. These loans were provided to the borrowers without conducting a minimum check on their creditworthiness.

The UK Governments risk losing UK businesses to other jurisdictions if they impose extremely high taxes (Blankson, 2004). Thus, they maintain a liberal tax system for businesses and maintain a stricter tax system for individuals. Due to this, most businesses have many options of manipulating tax law to their favor in order to pay fewer taxes.

An event is the occurrence of any such activity that impacts its environment and triggers many other activities and happenings. It is a continuous process in everybody’s life. Some events are very common such as the birth of a child, death of a beloved one, marriage ceremonies, etc. There are events based on cultures, religions, and nations.

One of the integral components of a company’s performance is the route it takes to make money. Likewise, if it’s a service company then they provide services to generate money. Models could be easy or difficult to understand depending on the company’s flow of transmission of value for consideration.

Making decisions in a legal context (60%) Q1. To ensure compliance, describe how the business would manage personal information about staff employed or contracted by the business to conduct BAS Agent services – their qualifications, experience and police checks.

Accounting Introduction The number of reported cases by the media with regard to tax avoidance and tax evasion has been very high. For instance, a report from National Audit Office indicates that HRMC has a backlog of 41,000 cases including individuals and small businesses.

The foundations of Tesco can be traced back to a market stall from which its former owner Jack Cohen sold groceries in the East End of London in 1919. The company has grown to become an international company operating in 14 countries with over 500,000 employees serving millions of people on a daily basis (Tesco 2013).

Accounting is the backbone of any organization. Through accounting, an organization is able to ensure good record keeping, a good platform to base all judgments and decisions affecting the business, discovering fraud and protecting it, acts as a security to get both short-term and long-term loans, as a basis through which investors judge the reputation of a company to invest in.

The price of share of various companies may be influenced by several factors such as economic conditions, government and market regulations. Political climate, influence from directors, dividend policies, bank rates, environmental forces such as demand and supply, rates charged by banks among other factor (Fisher, 1961).

Savings is the amount of disposable income which is not spent on the consumption or use of consumer goods. It is either accumulated or directly invested in payment of the home mortgage, capital equipment, etc. It can also be invested indirectly by purchasing securities. It is the amount that is left after meeting up all the personal expenses. 

The integration phase is important because it is during such transitions that productivity, employee morale, and manager retention may drop quickly. When any of these things happen it only makes the transition process less and less efficient as the new company will have to scramble to replace lost workers and lost profits.

The contextual role that visual arts play in the development of the social perspective is not confined to the development of the entertainment arts in society only, but at the same time, the domain of the visual arts is expected to play the role of the educational and intellectual development of the society (Peaker & Vincent, 1990; Landry et al, 1996).

Vodafone is a United Kingdom (UK) based company that had begun its operation in 1985. Vodafone provides value to its customers through their broadband and fixed lines services. Currently, they have more than 403 million customers (Vodafone Group, 2013). On the other hand, Verizon Communications Inc.

Generally it looks after the policy formulation process and how it concentrates on the growth strategies which will drive the GCC countries on the path of progress. Introduction Gulf of Cooperation Council (GCC) countries have many things in common. All of the GCC countries are major oil exporters and they have fixed exchange rate regimes which exposes them to the risk of international oil prices.

The report goes on to evaluate the role that the Credit rating Agencies played in the GCC countries as well as the significant effects of the activities of the Credit rating Agencies on the Qatar economy during the global downturn. Data is collected from secondary sources considering the importance of statistical data for concluding.

It is always reassuring to know that a system is in place that can assist individuals with adequate treatments. Drug trials often find more and improved ways of issuing out treatments of the same pharmaceuticals. They are also used to find new and more effective treatments that are needed to control many of the same illnesses. Trials allow the same medicines to be established as safe for different populations.

This is virtually impossible as there is no cohesive and consistent body of international law relative to investor-state arbitration clarifying the standard applicable to the doctrine of fair and equitable treatment.  The law as it currently stands is built upon treaty obligations and varying interpretations by tribunals so that emerging legal discourse is comprised of uncertainty. 

The Balanced Scorecard was first developed in the early 1990s to solve organization and business measurement problems, although its use has evolved among companies into more important functionalities. Business and organizational operation environments have increasingly become complex, thus necessitating more complex applications.

One of the world’s largest mobile phone companies, Vodafone Group Plc confirmed that it was interested to dilute ownership capital and it was in discussion with Verizon Communications for selling its operations in the United States. The British wireless communications service provider is planning to divest a 45% stake in United States’ Verizon Wireless.

The growth model that Daimler uses is to form strategic alliances with like-minded automakers. This enables the company to use the facilities of its partners while entering into a new market. This is neither acquisition nor a merger. It is only cooperation between similar companies that aim at using each other’s distribution channels and production units for their benefits.

He was a commercial success, and considered as the best pinup artist on the basis of his unique art style and his prolific work. Elvgren was among a select group of American artists such as Alberto Vargas, George Petty, Rolf Armstrong, Zoe Mozert, and Earl Moran, who raised the concept of pinup calendar to great heights.

Current assets are also referred to as Liquid assets. Non-current assets are not directly sold to the organization’s end customers.

The biggest dilemma that public entities generally face while reporting the financial statement is that whether the subsequent event (events after balance sheet date) should be recognized and disclosed in the financial statements or not (Deloitte, 2012).

The House of Lords opposed the decision by the Court of appeal and argued that the application of debenture by Salomon or any other businessperson instead of shares can guard the investors and the business. From this case, the concept of corporate personality and limited liability has formed part of England Company law, which courts have preserved.

Ipremier did not perform any better concerning the attack, if the hacker had any ill intentions with the company they would have enacted it and gone in time (Austine, Leibrock, & Murray, 2007). It is very clear that the company was not prepared for the attack by the hackers in terms of their infrastructure, employees and their operational procedures proved to be too weak.

International Accounting Standard Board governed by European Union and Financial Accounting Standard Board governed by United States. The main reason behind convergence of accounting standards is that the corporations are offering their products and services globally.

On the same note, it gives explanations of the transactions and the affected accounts by showing decrease and increase in the accounts. In a simple definition, a General journal is a statement where double-entry bookkeeping is posted by debiting an accounting followed by a corresponding crediting of another accounting using the same amount (Carl, James, and Jonathan, 2008).

Behavioral finance refers to the study of the influence of psychology on people in the financial sector and its perceived overall influence on financial markets. This in essence means it is a combination of finance and psychology to determine and explain how and why people tend to make illogical and inherent decisions when it comes down to saving, and spending money.

Orlando is the name of a city located in the central expanse of Florida state in the United States (Diana, 2012). It is also the center of the Greater Orlando municipal area, as well as the county seat of Orange County (Loschiavo, 2012). The city, in line with the 2010 United States Census, had a population of 238,300 people, making it the 79th largest municipality with regard to population in the United States.

Strategic management differs a lot from financial management accounting. The differences are with respect to the intent or purpose of evaluation. The strategic management helps to gain a company to gain a strategic edge, while financial management is concerned only with maintaining the financial soundness of the company (Bajaj, 2001).

Q1. A. Difference between GPFRs and SPFRs GPFR refer to the financial statements that require production by all public companies. These include the revenue statements, balance sheets and cash flows. The production of GPFR depends on the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP).

This present paper is a research paper that looks at the criticisms, which were made by Johnson and Kaplan (1987) in regard to management accounting/ control systems. In particular, the criticism stated that the MA systems had lost their relevance since they were “too late, too aggregated, and too distorted to be relevant for managers’ planning and control decisions.”

I was just sharing with all of them the joys and privilege of delivering a new life. Nothing can compare to the ecstatic feeling of being surrounded by people anticipating the coming of a precious baby who is soon to be part of a loving family. As I was about to finish my drink, there were successive raps; this time clearer and louder.

The conclusion from this study states that the essence of a global free trade can only be realized if the legal aspects that govern free trade are harmonized effectively. Both Public and private laws should be in tandem all across the globe. All facets of law, substantive, contract, sale of goods etc., should be a synchronized.

Different analysts and researchers have presented several tools, theories, and techniques that can be followed by organizations in order to enhance overall performance and profits (David, 2007). Cadez and Guilding (2008), in this regard, have presented sixteen strategic management techniques, which are divided into five categories.

This is because the major priority of the financial statements produces it to report on near term inflows and outflows. The general fund exists among the county’s major fund and other government funds. The cash basis accounting chosen by the accounting team of the company is very convenient.

This paper is meant for examining the financial analysis of a Glaxo Smithkline Plc (GSK), UK’s listed company. The objective of the study is to determine whether the company is good to invest in. The aims to achieve the objective are: 1) examine the company’s history; 2) analyse the company’s financial statement for the past five years; 3) its performance for the year 2010 to decide on its future prospects.

These statements are prepared on the basis of the accounting standards which are followed in that country. These standards are the code of accounting practices which lays down the manner in which the financial statements should be maintained. These codes are formed by the accounting regulatory bodies of that country.

Some of the macroeconomic policies adopted by companies included reducing the work force, seeking for government subsidies during the production process as well as innovation. Policy responses to the Economic crisis: Investing in innovation for long-term growth One of the major aspects covered by this article is on the role of the government to avoid collapsing of banking institution in order to protect global economy from credit crunch (OECD 24).

This will include knowing the financial analysis, competitors and the legal processes. Therefore, investment needs a lot of research and knowledge of the market. Discussions Real estate business is becoming prominent in many countries. The business not only benefits the owner but contribute to economic growth of the country.

The managers are required to keep themselves aware of the multidimensional fields in order to achieve the desired results in the aggressive and dynamic business environment. This calls for better understanding and insight of the nature of humans in the current global outlook, plus advancement of fine skills.

Organisations are using different strategic management tools and techniques in order to generate the effective and efficient strategies (David, 1995). One important strategic tool in this regard is of the balanced scorecard (Kalpan, 2010). With the help of the balanced scorecard the organisations are able to identify and create different performance measures and indicators which provide benchmark for the overall performance of the organisation (Kumru, 2012).

Accountancy is not a profession Although the status of accountancy as a profession was started to be challenged around the start of the 20th century, yet for the most part, accountants in the 20th century were organized into a kind of profession that was self-governing.

Among such products financial derivatives are products that are extensively used (Bodnar, Graham, Harvey, & Marston, 2011). Derivatives, as the name implies, are financial products the value of which is derived from the other financial security. In addition to security based valuation, derivatives can also be developed based on the values derived from the any particular rate as well as index such as Interest Rate Swap etc (Cowell, 2006).