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The study aimed to assess the hedging strategies used by multinational organizations that have operations in diverse countries and hence are exposed to changes in exchange rates and interest rates. The airlines companies were selected for the research as they suit the profile of companies that can be exposed to the foreign currency risks owing to the nature of their operations.
Today, Human resource has been considered as the most important asset of any organization and therefore it is important for the management to make the most of these assets. Although, the role of human resource is somewhat restricted in manufacturing industry in comparison to service industry but despite of that, importance of human resource cannot be neglected in any of these industries.
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This is because testing and documenting of paramount automated and manual final financial statements is highly sensitive. Under this section, the Act requires management to avail an “internal control report” together with annual Exchange Act report.
A comparative analysis of shareholders rights in different jurisdictions Table of Contents 1Chapter 1 3 1.1Introduction 3 1.1.1Background of Research 4 1.1.2Aims & Objectives 5 2Chapter 2 5 2.1Literature Review 5 2.1.1Shareholders Rights in UK 7 2.1.2Shareholders Rights in USA 9 2.1.3Shareholders Rights in China 10 3Chapter 3 12 3.1Research Methodology 12 3.1.1Research Framework 13 3.1.2Data Collection 14 4Chapter 4 14 4.1Findings 14 5Chapter 5 16 5.1Comparison of Shareholders Rights 16 6Chapter 6 18 6.1Conclusion & Recommendation 18 References 20 Bibliography 24 1 Chapter 1 1.1 Introduction This paper makes a comparative study of the shareholder rights in three different countries: UK, USA a
Bank Loans are used when a company needs to borrow a large amount of money. The cost of this money is interest being charged by the banks. The repayment schedule includes repayment of both principle and interest and usually this type of loan is collateralized.
The researcher of this research will look into one of the tools use by organisations in creating intangible asset – advertising and whether advertising create sustained fair value for the company in the context of the on-going debate regarding the increasing importance of intangibles in the global market economy.
The audit follows the basis on the international Standard of Auditing and general accepted audit standards of United States of America. Key target of the audit is to obtain a reasonable assurance on whether there are any material misstatements on the financial statements.
From the research it can be comprehended that the banking reform in UK should make sure that there should be adequate protection of hard-earned money of consumers and there should be a fool-proof system should be in existence where no taxpayer money will be used to bail out the failed banks at least in the near future.
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Social Accountability
Introduction
Since the emergence of economic crisis, the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and social accountability has emerged as an important consideration amongst the corporate member and regulators around the world.
The paper aims to identify and report some ratios within the annual report of 2010 for Sainsbury, UK which is a very famous and extensive retail store. The paper also elucidates on the various purposes as to why financial statements and annual reports can be helpful and the reason why organizations choose to publish annual reports and make them public for people.
The focus in this paper is on imperfect competition, one of the rarest market phenomena as far as international trade is concerned. Only few organizations are currently enjoying monopoly or oligopoly in the market now. Imperfect competition is against the norms of globalization and the interests of consumers. It helps companies to control the prices of products and services in the market.
It can be derived from the report that the objective of financial accounting is to produce the financial reports like profit and loss account and balance sheet which is mainly used by the external stakeholders of the company, when the objective of management accounting is to suggest the future paths to the company management after analyzing the financial statements produced by the financial accountants and the cash flow statement.
This research is being carried out to discuss the 4 stages of the audit and the major activities performed by the auditor in each phase; give an example of how each of these specifically applies to the Smackey Dog Food, Inc audit; examine the apparent internal control weaknesses and possible negative outcome of each.
The paper helped to analyze Kroger Co.’s financial position and the role of profitability and shareholder equity’s ratios in it. Moreover, the use of financial statements and utility derived from it by the internal and external stakeholders presented the worth of the financial statements for the company and people associated with it.
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This paper seeks to explain the developments achieved in the business industry by applying the internet as the trading media and the flower business as a reference. The E-commerce concept normally involves distribution of the trading qualities over the internet and the transaction completed online. The final process normally involves the product delivery to the customer.
The Role of Corporate Governance Mechanism of Independent Directors.
In this paper the mechanism of independent directors under the guidelines of Corporate Governance will be analyzed to see how effectively it was designed and how well it has been implemented in the real life.
People aged below 65 years have a tax allowance of £6,475 in 2010-11 (Income Tax Rates and Allowances). In June 2010, this figure has been increased by £1,000 by the Chancellor therefore the tax personal allowance is £7,475 (Budget – 22 June 2010). If anyone has an income below the income tax personal allowance, he is not supposed to pay any tax.
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The purpose of this research is to investigate the following: prescription drug effects on demand and supply of other products and services; elasticity of demand and supply; increasing-cost industries. Prescription drugs are drugs prescribed by a medical officer to a patient and are regulated by legislation unlike the over-the-counter drugs which can be old to anyone.
Julian, Chief Executive Officer, has changed some of the previous accounting policies of the company and made some adjustments in order to boost up the earnings so that his share of profits can be increased. Upon careful observation of each accounting issue, the most likely correct treatment of every issue is discussed in the following paragraphs.
The research studies the issue of financing the public education through the local property taxes and the impact it has had on the valuation of properties in various districts. The impact of property taxes on the land valuation has been analyzed. This is followed by analysis of the incidence and burden of corporate income taxes in the short as well as long run.
The need to determine the relationship between the above variables to advise the minister for finance is the key drive into this work. This work seeks to determine the existence and degree of relationship between per capita gross domestic product and both secondary school enrolment rate and bank rates.
The traditional costing system had been a very common cost accounting system used during the 19th century. This report discusses the rise and the common use of the traditional costing system within many different manufacturing organizations.
This research is governed by the following research questions, which will aid in attaining objectives and aim of the research: Is there a difference between management accounting and financial accounting and does it benefit a business to incorporate both strategies in business? To understand this concept, it is of relevance to distinguish management accounting from financial accounting.
The case study reveals that greed and unethical business practices were the root causes of Enron scandal. The Enron case scenario also points that the element ‘trust’ plays a significant role in determining the market position of a business. In addition, the Enron collapse also reminds auditors to be more vigilant while issuing an unqualified audit report.
Based on the discussion, Boeing management makes decisions. Boeing Airplane Company uses relevant financial information for its decision making activities. The company uses reliable financial information to scrutinize entry into the very large commercial transport or VLCT unit market segment. Indeed, Boeing must implement the profitable VLCT production and marketing strategies.
16 pages (4000 words)
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This paper presents a study on the Anglo-Dutch oil exploration firm Royal Dutch Shell plc and its response towards the oil spills in Niger Delta and its effects on the company’s major stakeholders.
This research paper examines the main practical considerations which are likely to influence a firm’s capital structure. The report will cover the following: management attitude; asset structure; debt tax shield; profitability of the firm; projected growth rate of the firm; the size of the firm; inflation and general economic conditions; control and business risk.
This research is the best example of comparative analysis of USA - Canada social security system. The purpose of this research is to investigate the following: U.S. social security system; Canadian social security system; comparison of the systems; contrast of the systems; evaluation of current U.S. system against Canada and recommendations.
Throughout the report, an attempt will be made to define the economic concerns of construction and engineering management in such a way that proactive steps can be outlined for UK construction management stakeholders to successfully navigate the difficult economic environment of modern construction management.
The overall interest rate that you firm will pay the 3-month Interbank Offered Rate that varies on the daily basis plus 2% per quarter. The amount of interest that your company will pay is 25,000,000*2%*89/360 = 123,611 Euros per quarter plus the amount that is determine by Interbank Offer Rate.
The report will cover the following: the scope & core rules of income tax and corporation tax; direct taxes v indirect taxes; revenue generated by direct & indirect taxes; tax revenues & UK government expenditure; progressivity of income tax & corporation tax in the UK; responsibility of notification of income and payment of tax.
The discussion seeks to answer the question: What are the real advantages and disadvantages of implementing ‘fat tax’ in the UK? The essay clearly proves that the proposals that guarantee the highest value for money are better regulatory processes, suitable economic policies, improved information dissemination systems, and increased knowledge and understanding.
The text “The Agency Problem” gives a great example of the agency problem by comparing it to the relationship between our country’s president and its citizens. In this case, the citizens are the principle and the president is the agent because the objectives and policies that the president pursues will ultimately effect the citizens of the country.
Mothercare was founded in 1961 and continues to grow locally and worldwide, with total sales increasing by 16.3 per cent during last year and retail space by 20 per cent. International sales now represent around 50 per cent of total network sales.
The information considers the elements of the petroleum industry. Broad ranging conceptual models are examined as they relate to capital market connections between external events and rising or declining oil prices. An analysis considers political, supply and demand, operational, risk, and investor forecasting elements.
At the start of a lease term, IAS-17 depicts that lessee should record the finance leases as liability as well as assets in the accounting books. In order to have the appropriate figure, the lessee is required to compare the fair value and the present value of the asset.
I learned a number of practical aspects of businesses and also faced some challenges. First, I learned how to make and maintain a cash budget in a real business scenario. Here, the most important aspect was the month-end balances and their subsequent conversion into the opening balances of the subsequent months. In addition to that, I faced problems while determining an appropriate costing method.
The paper tells that the software the company sells can be used to optimize the utilization of information in order to derive great value and meaning from internal data. The vision of the company is to dramatically change the way in which we interact with information and computers, ensuring that computers map to our world, rather than the other way around.
This research aims to evaluate and present the comparison of the progressivity of incoming tax and corporation tax in the United Kingdom. The discussion will also attempt to address the primary question framed as follows: For income and corporation tax, identify who is responsible for notification of income and payment of tax and when? Has United Kingdom felt the need to respond to competitive pressures and how?
From the discussion, it is clear that a firm’s level of debt in its balance sheet may largely depend on a number of external as well as internal market factors. Profitability, stability, size, and market reputation are some of the major elements determining the debt levels of a firm. In addition, availability of bank loans is another major factor that causes varying levels of debt in firms’ balance sheet.
In this study the researcher highlights the various methodologies like the value at risk, Mont Carlo VaR analysis, bootstrap method of analysis and the portfolio analysis. The study in this context analyzes the performance of the shares of the 4 companies namely Amec PLC, Lloyds Banking Group PLC, Lonmin PLC and Tesco PLC.
The current paper presents the details of the study, Determination of Timing of Activities and Total Float, Critical Path and Project Duration, Limitations of Network Diagram. The paper will also demonstrate duties and responsibilities of the project manager, examines Various Risks Likely to Affect the Execution of the Project:
Strategic Management Accounting (SMA) refers to the prerequisites and the investigation of facts related to management accounting regarding a particular business along with its contenders. This form of accounting proves to be greatly advantageous as it helps in the formulation and the examination of the business related strategy.
The researcher of this essay aims to analyze several reasons which have led Canadian Solar to situation where the company is showing negative net income and one of the major reasons for Canadian Solar suffering from losses is the increasing competition and this report discusses different factors that have resulted Canadian Solar to be in loss.
The paper will evaluate and present the cost of capital, the importance of cost of capital inefficient financial management of large companies, the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) in cost of capital, the argument against CAPM, the existence of optimal capital structure, analysis of the optimal capital structure of BMW.
The researcher of this paper aims to evaluate and present The Primary Effect of Foreign Bank Operations on the Developing Economies; Microeconomic Impact of Foreign Bank Entry into the Developing Countries: Structure, Conduct and Performance Studies; Effect on the Domestic Banks of Developing Nations and Impact on the Financial Sector of the Developing Economies
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For the purpose of this paper, the organization of Alcatel-Lucent Enterprise has been chosen. This company is known for developing and implementing end to end solutions for other companies. It’s the company’s goals to design solutions that are aligned with their clients’ objectives. The analysis of the company is described in detail here.
This research implements the systems-oriented legitimacy and stakeholder theoretical paradigms in examining communication strategies within Sainsbury’s Supermarket Limited. There exists a strong array of financial accounting theory that considers the implications of organizational communications within the spectrum of investment contexts.
The paper uses probability measures to determine how frequent we anticipate various results to take place should we repeat a provided experiment repeatedly. The stakeholders of the four companies choose investment as a probability approach. The following data analysis is to present a standard report on the development of an event study of a statistical model of shares market data.
This research presents the role of standard costing and variance analysis in management accounting and a critically discussion of the value and limitations of variance analysis as a means of identifying key areas which have contributed to the overall profit figure. The advantages and disadvantages of introducing an Activity Based Costing system to replace the current Absorption Costing system also will be discussed.