Finance & Accounting Essays

Criticisms have been against Basel II and its inability to set required standards for banking sectors globally (Lall, 2009). The long drafting process that has been adopted by Basel II has failed in managing risks and has such an inability has led to financial crisis with increased risks (Cornford, 2010).

The main intention of the study is to conduct an analysis of the Value at Risk (VaR) of a portfolio of 4 shares using the methods discussed in the above Financial Modeling. The four companies are taken into account for calculation of the shares and the Companies used for the analysis and they are the British Land Company PLC, Marks & Spencer Group PLC, Cairn Energy PLC and the Land Securities Group PLC.A clear analysis and the calculations are made in the study below.

A summary of the data used to conduct the analysis and the methodology employed also will be followed by presentation of the main findings of the analysis, along with a discussion of any limitations and possible recommendations. Background: Value at Risk (VAR) According to Choudhry (2006), the VAR of a portfolio is the maximum loss expected to occur with a certain probability over a given time period.

The findings of this research will provide insight of the advantages and disadvantages of introducing an Activity Based costing system to replace the current Absorption Costing system. Activity-based costing (ABC) is an accounting system that permits businesses to gather information regarding their operating costs.

The Maniac Plc deals with the sale and production of normal electrical goods. A full evaluation of costing requirements has conducted by the organization to recognize those regions which have not met financial plan expectations. The models and concepts which affect the pricing decisions of a firm are management accounting decisions.

This research presents the role of standard costing and variance analysis in management accounting and a critically discussion of the value and limitations of variance analysis as a means of identifying key areas which have contributed to the overall profit figure. The advantages and disadvantages of introducing an Activity Based Costing system to replace the current Absorption Costing system also will be discussed.

The paper uses probability measures to determine how frequent we anticipate various results to take place should we repeat a provided experiment repeatedly. The stakeholders of the four companies choose investment as a probability approach. The following data analysis is to present a standard report on the development of an event study of a statistical model of shares market data.

This research implements the systems-oriented legitimacy and stakeholder theoretical paradigms in examining communication strategies within Sainsbury’s Supermarket Limited. There exists a strong array of financial accounting theory that considers the implications of organizational communications within the spectrum of investment contexts.

The researcher of this paper aims to evaluate and present The Primary Effect of Foreign Bank Operations on the Developing Economies; Microeconomic Impact of Foreign Bank Entry into the Developing Countries: Structure, Conduct and Performance Studies; Effect on the Domestic Banks of Developing Nations and Impact on the Financial Sector of the Developing Economies

The paper also will evaluate and present cost of capital, importance of cost of capital in efficient financial management of large companies, capital asset pricing model (CAPM) in cost of capital, argument against CAPM, existence of optimal capital structure, analysis of optimal capital structure of BMW, analysis of optimal capital structure in Delta Airline and Southwest Airline.

The researcher of this essay aims to analyze several reasons which have led Canadian Solar to situation where the company is showing negative net income and one of the major reasons for Canadian Solar suffering from losses is the increasing competition and this report discusses different factors that have resulted Canadian Solar to be in loss.

Strategic Management Accounting (SMA) refers to the prerequisites and the investigation of facts related to management accounting regarding a particular business along with its contenders. This form of accounting proves to be greatly advantageous as it helps in the formulation and the examination of the business related strategy.

The current paper presents the details of the study, Determination of Timing of Activities and Total Float, Critical Path and Project Duration, Limitations of Network Diagram. The paper will also demonstrate duties and responsibilities of the project manager, examines Various Risks Likely to Affect the Execution of the Project:

In this study the researcher highlights the various methodologies like the value at risk, Mont Carlo VaR analysis, bootstrap method of analysis and the portfolio analysis. The study in this context analyzes the performance of the shares of the 4 companies namely Amec PLC, Lloyds Banking Group PLC, Lonmin PLC and Tesco PLC.

This research aims to evaluate and present the comparison of the progressivity of incoming tax and corporation tax in the United Kingdom. The discussion will also attempt to address the primary question framed as follows: For income and corporation tax, identify who is responsible for notification of income and payment of tax and when? Has United Kingdom felt the need to respond to competitive pressures and how?

At the start of a lease term, IAS-17 depicts that lessee should record the finance leases as liability as well as assets in the accounting books. In order to have the appropriate figure, the lessee is required to compare the fair value and the present value of the asset.

The information considers the elements of the petroleum industry. Broad ranging conceptual models are examined as they relate to capital market connections between external events and rising or declining oil prices. An analysis considers political, supply and demand, operational, risk, and investor forecasting elements.

Mothercare was founded in 1961 and continues to grow locally and worldwide, with total sales increasing by 16.3 per cent during last year and retail space by 20 per cent. International sales now represent around 50 per cent of total network sales.

This research paper examines the main practical considerations which are likely to influence a firm’s capital structure. The report will cover the following: management attitude; asset structure; debt tax shield; profitability of the firm; projected growth rate of the firm; the size of the firm; inflation and general economic conditions; control and business risk.

This paper presents a study on the Anglo-Dutch oil exploration firm Royal Dutch Shell plc and its response towards the oil spills in Niger Delta and its effects on the company’s major stakeholders.

The case study reveals that greed and unethical business practices were the root causes of Enron scandal. The Enron case scenario also points that the element ‘trust’ plays a significant role in determining the market position of a business. In addition, the Enron collapse also reminds auditors to be more vigilant while issuing an unqualified audit report.

This research is governed by the following research questions, which will aid in attaining objectives and aim of the research: Is there a difference between management accounting and financial accounting and does it benefit a business to incorporate both strategies in business? To understand this concept, it is of relevance to distinguish management accounting from financial accounting.

The traditional costing system had been a very common cost accounting system used during the 19th century. This report discusses the rise and the common use of the traditional costing system within many different manufacturing organizations.

The Role of Corporate Governance Mechanism of Independent Directors. In this paper the mechanism of independent directors under the guidelines of Corporate Governance will be analyzed to see how effectively it was designed and how well it has been implemented in the real life.

This paper seeks to explain the developments achieved in the business industry by applying the internet as the trading media and the flower business as a reference. The E-commerce concept normally involves distribution of the trading qualities over the internet and the transaction completed online. The final process normally involves the product delivery to the customer.

It can be derived from the report that the objective of financial accounting is to produce the financial reports like profit and loss account and balance sheet which is mainly used by the external stakeholders of the company, when the objective of management accounting is to suggest the future paths to the company management after analyzing the financial statements produced by the financial accountants and the cash flow statement.

Social Accountability Introduction Since the emergence of economic crisis, the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and social accountability has emerged as an important consideration amongst the corporate member and regulators around the world.

From the research it can be comprehended that the banking reform in UK should make sure that there should be adequate protection of hard-earned money of consumers and there should be a fool-proof system should be in existence where no taxpayer money will be used to bail out the failed banks at least in the near future.

The researcher of this research will look into one of the tools use by organisations in creating intangible asset – advertising and whether advertising create sustained fair value for the company in the context of the on-going debate regarding the increasing importance of intangibles in the global market economy.

Bank Loans are used when a company needs to borrow a large amount of money. The cost of this money is interest being charged by the banks. The repayment schedule includes repayment of both principle and interest and usually this type of loan is collateralized.

A comparative analysis of shareholders rights in different jurisdictions Table of Contents 1Chapter 1 3 1.1Introduction 3 1.1.1Background of Research 4 1.1.2Aims & Objectives 5 2Chapter 2 5 2.1Literature Review 5 2.1.1Shareholders Rights in UK 7 2.1.2Shareholders Rights in USA 9 2.1.3Shareholders Rights in China 10 3Chapter 3 12 3.1Research Methodology 12 3.1.1Research Framework 13 3.1.2Data Collection 14 4Chapter 4 14 4.1Findings 14 5Chapter 5 16 5.1Comparison of Shareholders Rights 16 6Chapter 6 18 6.1Conclusion & Recommendation 18 References 20 Bibliography 24 1 Chapter 1 1.1 Introduction This paper makes a comparative study of the shareholder rights in three different countries: UK, USA a

Today, Human resource has been considered as the most important asset of any organization and therefore it is important for the management to make the most of these assets. Although, the role of human resource is somewhat restricted in manufacturing industry in comparison to service industry but despite of that, importance of human resource cannot be neglected in any of these industries.

The study aimed to assess the hedging strategies used by multinational organizations that have operations in diverse countries and hence are exposed to changes in exchange rates and interest rates. The airlines companies were selected for the research as they suit the profile of companies that can be exposed to the foreign currency risks owing to the nature of their operations.

This paper discusses the transformation in the banking system in the lead-up of the Global Financial Crisis. The Global Financial Crisis of 2007-2008 has been one of the most devastating financial crises of all time. The Global Financial Crisis has been described by many economists as the worst financial crisis after the Great Depression of 1930s.

The work of investment advisors in consultancy firms primarily entails analysis of investment options to offer factual and professional opinion on the viability of the investment.

The researcher will discuss a problem in a company in a certain industry. The researcher will provide a proposal in which he will argue about the problem, afterwards he will present researches on the effect of that problem on the company and ways on how to solve the problem, finally he will present the outcome of the research including ways on how to overcome this problem.

This project aims to provide an analysis of Witan Pacific, in terms of objectives, structure, operations, investment portfolio, investment performance and management of the fund by Aberdeen Asset Managers and Nomura Asset Management.

Detailed Proposal Abstract: The paper will provide a comparison of financial analysis of two major retailer companies in UK namely Sainsbury plc and Tesco Plc. Both these companiers are the leading food retailers in United Kingdom and they are the well known public listed companies in UK.

The Lehman Brothers Collapse during the 2008-09, period is believed to be a very significant as well as interesting topic in the field of Finance as it illustrates the financial blunders committed by the management of the company alongside its long term effects on securities markets.

The most important element for any business is the availability of the funds and finance. Almost all organisations make sure that they have the required funds in order to run the operations of the business in effective and efficient manner. Main issue in the starting of any business or organisation is to search for appropriate source of finance in order to make sure that the start-up funds are available (Johnson, & Scholes 2001).

The paper is about a case study on the aircraft manufacturing industry. When Boeing planned to launch its 747, with the capacity of 550 passengers, the management did not feel that the plane would be profitable in the long run for the company therefore they rejected the development of this plane. However, Airbus management felt that the jumbo sized plane could give them competitive advantage.

The focus in this paper is on pricing strategy as the main part of every business. For any business the key factor is to set a differentiating image in the mind of the customer and once that differentiating factor is set in the minds of the customer one can easily play on prices of the product. However for this purpose one needs to have a grip on appropriate pricing strategy to get the best results.

This paper presents a detailed analysis of the use, importance, barriers and the economic benefits of using the sustainability report by a company in the daily practice. This allows the society to understand and judge how well an organization or a company is performing.

In the report, the researcher has discussed about the development of the UK corporate governance code from 1992 to present. For ensuring a good corporate governance structure in the companies, the government has set many committees for suggesting the changes those are required in the companies. The committees suggested changes in the various areas of the company.

The essay discusses that both financial and management accounting is a critical part of any organisation. They play a vital role to make or break a business. Effectiveness and Efficiency of business organisations depends on sound financial and management accounting systems involved in any business concern.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate and present analysis of portfolio value and risk of the portfolio; analysis of the various strategies; overall profitability. Continuous monitoring of the stocks market is also necessary so as to effective manages one portfolio. Continuous monitoring helps also in benchmarking as preventing inventors in running to huge amount of losses.

From the research it is clear that nowadays, there have many companies come into competition for serving the medical needs of the growing population. These companies have great pressure to serve the best possible quality products as the customers are mainly patients and ill people. In medical technology, Medtronic is considered as global leader.

This paper is an international module providing a broad overview of financial values for all learners and a base for additional in depth study of finance and accounting. The report consists of International Financial Reporting, Interpretation of accounting information, Budgeting and Organisational Objectives and Investment appraisal Techniques.

The paper shall first scrutinize other sections of the business plan which include, mission and vision of the business, business description, the goals and objectives, market analysis, competitor analysis, industry analysis, product offering, marketing plan, operational plan, sales strategy, organizational structure and implementation plan.

The basic objective of an auditor is to obtain audit evidence which is sufficient and appropriate in the circumstances that the financial statements are free from material misstatement. These misstatements may occur due to fraud or error. The auditor obtains this audit evidence by obtaining an appropriate level of assurance that financial statements are not materially misstated. The audit evidence thus obtained allows the auditor to report on the financial statements.