Finance & Accounting Essays

'Corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting to stakeholders is based upon the assumption that companies have wider responsibilities than simply to make money for shareholders.' Discuss the information that might be included in a CSR report to stakeholders, giving illustrations and examples.

Many companies have become victims of these accusations with many more suffering price losses and even closures as a result of having their executives drawing more from the bank than the company would handle. Others have been accused of being involved in scandalous activities that have led to the collapse of company shares.

These issues have been highlighted in the audit report presented as under: Anderson, Olds and Watershed, LLC Certified Public Accountants Shoetown ME 00001 Independent Auditor’s Report To the Stockholders Apollo Shoes Incorporation We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Apollo Shoes Incorporation, as of 31st December 2007 and the accompanying income statement, statement of changes in equity and cash flow statement for the year ended 31st December 2007.

81). The need for CMA emerged when it became incumbent upon business managers that a systematic approach should be employed in including greenhouse gas emission considerations in entrepreneurial decisions (Guenther & Stechemesser, 2011). According to Burritt, et al., (2011), there are four ways by which companies may approach carbon management by: (1) savings generated in the course of emissions trading; (2) saving on energy which is the pay-off for effort invested; (3) labeling the firm’s products as carbon-neutral and thereby gain market advantage; and (4) responding to the increasing demands upon industry to disclose information on the emissions produced by their operations, as well as

Alternative A: Maintaining the status quo This alternative will entail Liquid Chemical continuing with its operations as it was doing before, without enlisting the help the Packages, Inc. the relevant costs applicable in this alternative are: Cost of materials= $700,000 Cost of labor=$ 500,000 Overhead costs=$468,500 Administrative overheads=$225,000 Total costs for Alternative A: =$1,893,500 Therefore, the total costs applicable for this alternative will remain the same, and thus will not change the situation of the company.

It also includes the guidance of US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) following the similar structure of topics with separate sections incorporated into the Codification. The accounting issue here is pertaining to ABC Company who has six major divisions and has decided to sell off its mining division.

The European stock index declined by 1.9 percentage proportion. This is marked as the first sign of a financial crisis appeared in the EU zone.

Thought Activity: The International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) has come up with the new framework of reporting. Clearly, this new form of reporting called Integrated Reporting (IR) takes a holistic approach towards the whole process of corporate reporting.

Ethics & Fraud 1.0 Ethical Values & its Effectiveness It is observed that an organization with diverse workforce witnesses various ethical dilemmas and issues that arise out of ethical values. This happens because the interest of organizational and personal ethics is different from each other giving rise to potential conflict among employees and managers (Pollock, 2011).

Behaviour 19 2.5.Empirical Evidence of Changing Consumer Behaviour - Flatters & Willmott (2009) 26 2.6.Empirical Findings from Regional Surveys 27 2.7.Impact of Financial Crisis on Consumers Residing in the United Kingdom 29 2.8.Literature Gap 30 2.9.Chapter Summary 31 Chapter 3 - Research Methodology 32 3.1.Introduction 32 3.2.Research Method Used in the Study 32 3.3.Data Collection 35 3.3.1.Survey Design 35 3.3.2.Sampling of Survey Respondents 37 3.3.3.Interview Design 37 3.3.4.Sampling of Interviewees 38 3.4.Data Analysis 38 3.5.Ethical Considerations 39 3.6.Limitations of the Study 39 3.7.Chapter Summary 40 Chapter 4: Data Collection and Findings 41 4.1.Introduction 41 4.2.Findings from

This exposure is related to the future payments and receipts in foreign currency. Companies many a times limit this type of exposure by requiring the cash flows to be received and made in the home currency rather than foreign currency.

The labour policies in various countries have evolved over the period of time by undergoing changes in tune with the developments taking place in the societies. The obligations of the corporate companies are however not restricted to statutory compliance; it also reflect in the corporate culture and cover various voluntary actions and initiatives taken by the management of the companies.

Introduction 3 2) Types of Financial Crisis 3 3) Causes of Financial Crisis 7 4) Prevent Financial Crisis 9 4) Conclusions 10 References 11 1. Introduction Financial crisis is a term used to identify events and situations where an entity such as a bank, financial institutions, and the stock market will suddenly see a devaluation of their assets.

in return for the service they provided while they were working. It is designed to provide income to people for the period of their retirement years. The amount is collected by setting aside funds for the period of a workers working years? so that at retirement the gathered funds plus earnings from investment on those funds are obtainable to replace wages.

In order to provide the mentioned topics above, different studies and empirical evidence have been provided in the report. Islamic Banking a) Before proceeding with the origins of Islamic Banking, it is necessary to be familiar with the definition of Islamic Banking.

therefore according to the efficiency market hypothesis, there is no investor who has any form of advantage in foretelling the expected return on the security prices since there is no investor who has access to the public information or private information that is not yet available to any other investor.

Accounting Principles Answer (A) Budget in any corporate entity serves several purposes and those can be described as per the following. a) It is an instrument to plan and deploy the resources to achieve the short-term and long-term goals of any organization.

The agency was founded in 1862 by the late President Lincoln who was operating under the US Department of Treasury Act. The agent is mainly involved in the entire process of collecting both the employment taxes and also the individual income taxes. It is also in charge of handling of the gifts, cooperates, estate taxes and finally excise taxes.

A single predetermined overhead rate is one that is used in all the departments in an organization or company. This means that instead of calculating a separate rate for each and every department in the company it is calculated all in one summation.

However, the world is showing good signs of recovery. Economic performance in countries around the world is reflecting a positive trend. Total wealth of the world (in terms of the wealth possessed by the high net worth individuals (HNWIs) around the globe) has reached significant high values in the year 2012.

However, I am very glad to offer you some conclusive advice on your financial position as well as how to take a financial direction after starting a new business. The issue of capital allowance arises when a purchase or property is made either for business or for personal use.

Otherwise called as ‘indie’ films, these are almost always made beyond the control or influence of the major film studios in any country. In the United States, indie films are those movies produced by individuals or small production outfits that are not under the manipulation of the big players in Hollywood.

The organization can cut down on its recruitment and selection costs as well since it would not have to call that many applicants if it knows who to call and when to call them. More than anything else, there is a dire need to understand that generating large applicant pools would mean low motivation levels for the aspiring employees because they would take the up coming jobs in a difficult way, thinking of them as ones which will not be easy to commit to.

Convenience products are categorized as such that are non-durable in nature and are readily consumed by the consumer. Thus consumers desire to get convenience access to such products wherein they reflect to be habitual procurers of such merchandises. Again being habitual purchasers these people focus on spending less amount of time in taking a subtle decision relating to the effective procuring of such convenience items.

The main mission of a budget is to allocate resources within an organization, while enabling stakeholder participation (NACSLB 3). However, different budgeting methods perform different functions, such as goal implementation and efficiency (NACSLB 3). There are four general types of budgeting approaches, such as line – item, performance, program, and zero – based budgeting (Tyer & Willand).

Although there was no authorization into the principles so raised, a greater desire to have a standardized method and practice of accounting was sparked off, giving rise to various accounting principles that were developed by different accounting institutions to guide the accounting practice.

Problems and issues pertaining to management are very sensitive especially when it comes to managing a company’s finances. The waxing and waning of the world economy makes this process even harder as more and more companies are forced to hire the services of skilled analysts at high cost all the while speculating the outcomes of the economy.

Internet transactions are cheap and thus cost effective. Moreover, internet banking is an efficient for different customers. Internet banking allows customers to operate their accounts at their own convenience (Sadiq & Nassar 2008, p. 56). The numerous advantages of internet banking have contributed its increased growth.

The biggest customers of the MMS mainly includes a list of federal and state government agencies, charities, hospitals, and also some private sector organisations across Australia. Since 2010, the Group has continuously focused on obtaining new business deals and also strengthening relationship with existing key clients.

The project seeks to find the benefits that are obtained from using the standard costing system as the part of the costing system if GE employs it. The fifth part of the project enlightens the benefits of the relevant cost for the future projects of the company.  It helps the management of the company to take any crucial decision.

The government can increase the money available to citizens by instructing Central Bank to reduce the interest rates it charges to lend money to commercial banks. Commercial banks will then reduce their rate, which will encourage people to borrow money to invest in their businesses. In another way, the government can discourage spending by increasing tax on luxury goods.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) reports are published by many corporations, but what constitutes a CSR report is still exclusive. There are many names of CSR report such as environmental, sustainability, safety, health and community affairs report. It aims to portray the relationship between an organisation and society.

This calls for financing and sponsorship for materials and manufacturing the bodywork for the vehicle. Other than this there are other costs associated with material and manufacturing of the bodywork. The design of a sidepod would require special engineering skills.

Second, is the diversity of the professional and cultural background of its enrolees which would enrich the professional and cultural perspective of its students as we prepare ourselves for bigger responsibities in the business and corporate world in the near future.

There is a famous saying that one should not place all the eggs in one basket. The concept of portfolio also came from this saying which means that one should not make all the investment in one asset or security and should diversify the investment by investing in a group of assets so that the loss from one security can be compensated by the gain of the other security.

The project aims to find the feasibility of the project after a critical financial analysis. The risk inherent to implementation of the project is also being considered and the impact of the risk on the facility to be generated is also considered. The final decision underlying the acceptability of the project is considered after taking all the factors in consideration.

There are four (4) categories identified in this standard: short – term employee benefits, post – employment benefits, other long – term employee benefits and termination benefits. This memo describes the required reporting for post – employment benefits, which include pensions and other post – employment benefits.

The author states that under certain terms, the assumptions developed in regard to the level of organizational performance and the prospects of organization in the future can be inaccurate, especially if the criteria, or else the drivers, used for the development of the relevant task are not carefully checked in advance as of their relevance.

In only the second time in history, by the creation of T.A.R.P., the government stepped in to provide assistance in the form of capital funding to not only banks but the automotive industry and other areas, without which the financial system of the country quite possibly could not have survived.

There is no doubt that trading in shares of 888 Holdings and Vodafone public companies will yield a percentage profit that beats the FTSE All-share index. Other than conducting an analysis on the trading, this paper provides a critical diary on the trading as well as the significance of the concepts learnt in this course.

As the discussion stresses and discusses conceptual framework attempts to harmonize the various ideas and concepts of different accountants and even of the accounting bodies. It fixes a standard of financial accounting which, when followed, ensures consistency in the financial statements of different companies.

The author states that the statistical properties of returns may determine the efficiency of the financial assets. Having knowledge of the statistical properties also makes it easier to evaluate the efficiency of the financial assets. The financial assets are then modeled for better knowledge of the returns.

Both the companies are listed on the stock exchange. Ooredoo, formerly known as Qatar Telecom (Qtel), initiated its business within Qatar in 1949 by starting the first telephone exchange within the country’s capital Doha. Qatar Telecom led as a giant within the telecommunication industry within Qatar until 2008.

This estimate of asset valuation is the most conservative as it solely depends upon the book values of the assets. It is assumed that in the event of bankruptcy, the company is likely to receive at least this value of assets (Jaffe and Ross, 2004). If the above values are taken into consideration, it can be noted that M&S has performed well especially in terms of generating higher NAV per share.

One of its latest innovations includes “New Water Management Program for Netherlands” as on Jun 25, 2013. The company has its business operations flourishing in more than 170 countries, and it also has 70 branches and subsidiaries in total. The branching out of the company leads to international geographic allocation of profits for IBM.

It was expected that the government deficit would go down by approximately half. It was also estimated by the Congressional Budget Office that the fiscal cliff would pass through a moment of placid recession and unemployment then result in economic growth and a stronger labor market (Wall, 2012).

The short term assets and liabilities of a company i.e. Current Assets and current liabilities are an important determinant of a company's operational performance. Hence a company should pay a lot of attention to managing its current assets and current liabilities in order to remain in the business in a profitable manner.

There are various changes in the economic system that provided the necessary conditions for the global economic crises. Although capitalist allows for free trade and accumulation of wealth, regulations must be put in place so that financial activities of corporations are streamlined with the national and global demand.

INTRODUCTION Fair accounting treatment refers to the fulfillment of all legal obligations that are imposed by the government in the organizational act. It is the responsibility of all the organizations to strictly follow the guidelines because the fulfillment of all the obligations justifies the fair role of the organization.

This paper intends to evaluate the effectiveness of these reports in serving the above purpose as against as just mere ‘vehicles’ adopted for public relations among trading organisations. Corporate social responsibility is a common notion adopted in business models that alludes to some form of self-regulation by corporate systems.