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Polyvinylchloride (PVC) is a tough and rigid synthetic thermoplastic used extensively across the world. PVC remains unique among other thermoplastics owing to its high ability to withstand high temperatures. It has superior fire performance relative to other polymers. The synthesis of polyvinyl chloride is done using free-radical polymerization.
Organic synthesis involves the formation of organic compounds using chemical reactions. It involves transformation of simple molecules into target molecules (Starky 2012). Organic compounds have considerable uses in industrial sector thus their construction has developed from simple to complex processes.
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Looking at the periodic table, lithium is assigned group number 1 and period number 2. Therefore, it is group 1 (IA) element containing just a single valence electron (1S22S1).
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According to the report, Chemical Shale Instability & Inhibition, there is vast need to research and establish the truth. Is there any relationship between phyisiological transport process for example capillarity, osmosis and diffusion and physical change for example loss of hydraulic overbalance due to mud pressure penetration.
The results of the experiment were that salty ice melted faster than pure ice.
The later melted with an average of 200 minutes while the former melts at an average of 160 minutes.
Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid, is a medicine that is mainly used to treat fever, pain and inflammations (King and Brucker, 2010). The medicine is also used at long-term to assist in preventing strokes, heart attacks and blood clots.
Accrding to the report the mint leaves are grinded using grinder and mixed with a liquid to produce oil. This liquid is then passed through ultrasonic waves. The waves propagates through the waves in alternating high and low-pressure cycles. The coconut and the cooking mallet have different rates of pressure.
Through conductivity, the quantity of inorganic solids dissolved in water can be established. Some of the inorganic solids include nitrates and sulphates. Organic compounds are poor electric conductors hence their presence in water can also be established.
The R-H group has the highest number of temperatures due to the bond that is exhibited between the hydrogen and carbon. For this reason the temperature required to break the bond and form an active site to attachment of the monomers it will require a lot of heat.
Photoacidity is one of the best ways of determining the impact of a molecule’s structure on the pKa of ground and excited States. In many of the organic molecules containing an even number of electrons, an arrangement characterized by the ground state having entire electron spins paired the net spin angular momentum turning to zero usually occurs.
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Corrosion phenomena have been in existence for as long as the earth has existed. Commonly referred to as rust, the phenomenon is known to destroy the luster of objects and consequently shorten their lifespan. Since the ancient days, corrosion has been noted to destroy the quality of lives and the technical progress of human beings.
Part A
Only barium nitrate precipitates.
Problem 4.36
Part A
KOH, NH3, HNO3, KClO2, H3PO3, CH3COCH3
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
Part A
N2 (g) +3H2 (g) -----> 2NH3 (g)
N2 is a redactor and it's oxidized in the reaction
N2 (0) - 2x3e- ---------> 2N (3+)
Aluminum is a member of group III of the periodic table and is classified as a metal with properties lying midway between metals and metalloids. The 8% by weight of the Earth’s crust is made up of aluminum which makes it the most abundant metal in the Earth’s crust and also the third most abundant element.
However, its level reduces with age resulting to shrinking of the skin, pain in joints and ligaments, lesser hair elasticity, fragile nails and lip thinning (Lynch 161). Decrease in the level of collagen also leads
There are several types of buffers and each particular buffer only stabilizes the pH of a solution within a particular range. One buffer might be operative within a range of pH 2 to pH 6, whereas another might be operative within a
The TSCA develops frameworks and policies that can be used by EPA.
Since the passing of the act, very minimal reforms have been made to the act. Over the past years,
In this case, the prevailing exposures are 700 ppm for 3 hours, 1300 ppm for 2 hours and 900 ppm for 3 hours.
Where; TWA = Time-Weighted Average, Ca = Concentration of air
The method is used for manual determination of nitrogen dioxide in the atmosphere present in the range of 0.005-5 parts per million by volume or 0.01-10 µg/L. Sampling was conducted by the use of fritted bubblers. The sample is absorbed in a 60 µm pore diameter fritted bubbler tube.
This is the convenient, the relatively simplest method of estimation of the reducing sugar. The only drawback of this method is the low level of accuracy of the results. Though it is a straight reaction, it is expected that many side reactions occur such that the actual reaction stoichiometry is more complicated and varies for different sugars.
3. The titration involves the reaction NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O. The pH of the solution when it becomes neutral is at pH 7.0. Bromothymol blue is the best indicator for this reaction because it has a
As an anion, thiosulfate is tetrahedral in shape and is depicted by replacing one of the oxygen atoms by a sulfur atom in a sulfate anion. The S-S distance suggests a single bond, an indication of a significant negative charge borne by the sulphur
that matter can go through any physical or chemical reaction, but the total mass of the reactants and the products will remain equal (Rogers et al., wisc.edu).
The experiment aims to illustrate the Law of Conservation of Mass by reacting zinc metal and iodine to synthesize zinc
In pants the carbohydrate are formed by the photosynthesis and contributes up to 75% of the dry mass. The carbohydrates form structural organs of plants in form of cellulose and are
Further, the biggest disadvantage of fossil fuels is that its increasing consumption leads to global warming and environment degradation. In this perspective, it is crucial to find alternative sources of energy to replace fossil fuels for our needs. The paper aims at
The author of the text stresses that after three titrations with FeSO4.7H2O, the solution Ce4+ comes to standard. Furthermore, 1M HCL and nanopore water form its dissolving agent. Notably, estimation of electrode potential at the end-point is possible, and it is by using the Nernst equations and the formal potential values.
A 125 ml flask was covered with aluminum foil at the top before a pinhole was made to allow easy escape of volatile vapor put in the flask. The flask while inserted in the water bath it was heated to the temperature of T. Then the flask was taken out to cool before its contents were measured and recorded as m.
Emily Draper, Tom Oliver and Dave Adams’ article “A Low Molecular Weight Hydrogel with Unusual Gel Ageing” describes the unique characteristics of the hydrogel element. The authors suggest that the gel is suitable because of its transparency and lightweight which makes it non-reactive with the skin (Draper, McDonald and Adams 2015, n.p).
The Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) of 1986 establishes requirements for federal, state, and local governments and industry regarding emergency planning and "Community Right-to-Know" (CRTK) reporting on hazardous and toxic chemicals.” (US Environmental Protection Agency 2009)
Biltz’s process of synthesizing phenytoin involves several steps, with each step forming a product that will be used in the next step. The process starts with the synthesis of benzil from benzoin, which then undergoes condensation catalysis by a base with urea. The multistep synthesis of various natural products, most of which are used as medicine, is necessary.
Mr X is likely to develop cancer as a result of this accident. From the graph, it can be inferred on that the concentration of 7, 8 – diol – 9, 10 – epoxide gradually increases. This metabolite is not inactivated but is resistant to epoxide hydrolase and increased in quantity. This increase in concentration increases the likelihood of Mr X developing cancer.
UV-VS spectroscopy is a concept referring to absorption spectroscopy, usually through the help of light from the visible and adjacent ranges. A qualitative analysis of the performance characteristics of a UV/VIS absorption spectrometer is important in accessing how this apparatus helps in determining the concentration of unknown solutions.
The process of flocculation involves the formation of flocs through clinging together of solid matter in solution. Coagulation results due to widening of solid material in solution making separation possible
To start with, As a forensic scientist needs to understand that fair outcomes by the criminal justice are dependent on the professional processing of the information provided. Therefore, asking the right question in order to professionally come out with
It seeks to classify and research on chemicals. A lab instrument that is used to carry out this research is the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The Fourier transform Infrared spectrometer gives an electromagnetic spectrum that is
Plants, through specialized structures called chloroplasts (or chromophores), trap the energy coming from the visible spectrum of sunlight. Chromophores are able to trap energy due to their large conjugated double bond systems. Once a photon, or stream of light particles, is absorbed, its energy is transferred to the electrons in the double bonds.
On testing its chemistry, it was found that by using primary amine methylamine in the last step of the synthesis, the reaction showed a different pathway of ring enlargement. The product that resulted was benzodiazepine. Sternbach then filed a US patent for this compound in 1958. The compound was tested on 16000 patients and was then approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 1960.
When a base is titrated with an acid, the pH gradually changes until it reaches the equivalence point, where there is a sharp change. At this point, there is an equal amount of both the acid and the base. As the titration proceeds, the point at which the color of the solution that contains the indicator changes is called the endpoint.
Iron in the soil is a significant property that enhances healthy plant growth. The iron in the soil appears in form of precipitate after the absorption of the leached components in situ. The
One of the potential hazards of sulfuric acid is its corrosive nature. This leads to wearing out of material surfaces and is widely experienced in industrial processes that use the concentrated acid. Care must, therefore, be taken to protect materials from the acid. Another potential hazard of concentrated sulfuric acid is its reaction.
Moreover, matter found in a different locality varies in composition, regardless of the chemical elements that make up its compound. The soil’s exposure to chemicals used for researching in the laboratory causes the difference in its composition. At home,
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Enantiomeric compounds of the drug may differ in potency, behavior in biological systems and toxicity (Cretu et al., 315). It is preferable that only the active enantiomer of a chiral drug be
As scientists, we are yet to discover ammonia-based life. Therefore we can't discount that ammoniated aliens can or don’t exist. In the absence of absolute evidence, we are tasked to research this issue more keenly. Even if ammonia-based organisms do not exist by our terrestrial standards, it does not mean that they cannot happen anywhere.
Several factors such as quantity of reactants and environmental conditions affect hydrogen peroxide reaction. Varying the amount of manganese (VI) oxide for a constant quantity of hydrogen peroxide
The SNP genomic distribution has no homogeneity. It always occurs in those regions that are non-coding. It has minimum occurrence in the regions that are coded. This is a case where the natural selection acts and fixes the SNP allele with favorable adaptation
Thereafter, the volatile liquid was heated in a water bath. The flask was tilted slightly to make it easy to see when all the volatile liquid had vaporized. Subsequently, the temperature of the water bath was
In this case, the intricate mixture is made up of the currency paper and cocaine. The main shortcoming of this great method is that it alone cannot recognize what the separated compounds
Multivitamins are dietary supplements containing three or more vitamins, dietary minerals, and other nutritional elements and do not contain hormones and/or drugs. Each vitamin and mineral in the compound does not present any risk to the user’s health. Multivitamins are used when either the body cannot synthesize the required vitamin or it does not synthesize enough of it.
The chemical reactions that release energy are more likely to occur than those that absorb energy. This is because fixing energy in the constituent macroscopic parts of the