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The aim of the experiment is to determine the structure of the C10H18O molecule through the utilization of the NMR spectrum which has proved to be a significant utility in the elucidation of molecular structure since the properties displayed can be associated with the chemical perception of the molecular structure.
60mg of 4-nitrobenzaldehyde were then added to the solution and thoroughly stirred for further 30 minutes. After the reaction was complete, 5mL of saturate
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During the active phase of the condition, the patient, who were otherwise healthy, presents with psychotic symptoms. Some of these include auditory hallucinations, disturbance in the way of thinking, social withdrawal, unusual behavior/speech and delusions.
Organic chemist’s ability to predict the importance of new compounds before they are synthesized is still rudimentary (Wyatt and Warren 661). The possible medicinal uses of natural products with their diverse molecular structure have been and still are the subject of
This compound is responsible for strengthening bones. The main purpose of this compound is to take calcium to the bones to prevent bone disorders. In elderly people, the compound helps a lot as it slows down the growth of any disease. Studies have shown that the administration of this compound in cancer patients slows the disease
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The outcome of the experiment highlights advantages and limitations to each technique and instrument applied during the lab exercise. In which case, three experiments were set up to explore the concept of XRF. For the first experiment, there is an analysis of gold in plating solutions in the presence of several additive ions by portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF).
Standard curves were constructed from the ratio of absorbance of characteristic peaks. A trend line showing the least square fit helped to determine the ratio of concentrations in our unknown sample. The results
The aim of this research was to advocate bio-oils reformation through the current used in the Ni-CNTs catalyst’s high-dispersion. This indicated that bio-oils reformation is helpful in increasing hydrogen’s yield by the reformation of bio-oils organic compounds at low temperature. The authors used H2-TPD, XRD, TEM, XPS, ICP/AES.
The matter that is a colourless and unstable gas exists in the earth’s periphery. Most of it is confined in the ozone layer and it moderates the effects of rays from the sun through absorbing the rays. Fears of depletion of the layer that could have undermined the role of absorbing sunrays formed the basis of arguments for the depletion of the layer.
Basically, a mass spectrometer performs three important roles. Initially, it bombards the molecules to be analyzed with a stream of high-energy electrons, transforming a number of the molecules to ions, which are then fast-tracked in an electric field by a sequence of polarized fast-tracking plates, a huge potential difference (p.d), oscillating from 1 to 10 kV.
Although there was a reduction in the use of spalted wood in art and craft between the mid-16th and early 20th centuries, scientists have been continually using spalting in wood. In the early 1900s, there was an increased interest in spalting for people who knew it as a craft material, a biological artifact, or those that saw it as a nuisance that needed control.
As a result, Van Deemter used this equation as to capture all the three aspects while including theoretical plate height as having a major influence. This especially observed on the mobile phase linear velocity
As scientists, we are yet to discover ammonia-based life. Therefore we can't discount that ammoniated aliens can or don’t exist. In the absence of absolute evidence, we are tasked to research this issue more keenly. Even if ammonia-based organisms do not exist by our terrestrial standards, it does not mean that they cannot happen anywhere.
Sodium borohydride solution was added to the ketone solution dropwise, and a Pasteur pipette was used to swirl the flask between each addition to dispersing cloudiness prior to adding the next drop. When the dropwise addition was completed, a stir bar was placed in the reaction flask, and the flask was stirred until a heavy slurry of precipitate formed, which took between 30 minutes and 1 hour.
Prior to working on the lab experiment, various perceptions should be comprehended such as the spectroscopy method utilized in the lab. A calorimeter as also known as a spectrometer is a tool that is used in figuring out the quantity of light that a given solution absorbs while using various wavelengths (λ).
The author states that the process of translation is followed by numerous modifications in the covalent bonds leading to the alteration in the properties of proteins; such alterations are known as post-translational modifications. The process involves either an addition of a transforming group to one of the amino acids of the polypeptide chain.
Developing cost-effective and viable technology to prepare food color and how it is applied in foods has become a challenge as well as a daily need. In this experiment, the dye for the new drink will be developed simply by copying the color profile a beverage that has been colored artificially. The principle of absorption spectroscopy.
The ideas on the regulation of protein synthesis in bacteria have mainly arisen from the studies of Perse Monod on the induced synthesis of B-galactosidase in E.coli. It resulted in the discovery of regulatory events to the transcription of DNA and the assemblage of functionally related genes into clusters called operons.
It plays its role by opening sodium Na and potassium K channels. Upon its release, glutamate is conveyed from the synaptic cleft either to adjacent neurons or into the nearby glial cells. Those neurons that produce glutamate at their Synaptics are called glutamatergic. The principal effect of glutamate is fast excitation.
Place 5 drops of the test reagent on the white spot plate then adds 2 drops of the unknown #703 sample. Stir the solution with a thin glass rod in order to mix the components and observe any color change.
Place 100 μl of the cold
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The study aims would also illustrate the extra HER2 receptor stimulation of cancer cells while contrasting the validation of HER-2 protein overexpression and amplification in the secondary breast cancer lines compared to the primary cancer line (Kucab, 2009).
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Lignin is normally found in wood and is a very important element of the secondary walls of plants and of certain algae. It was in 1813 that lignin was first talked about by A.P. de Candolle. His explanation about lignin was that it is a fibrous material that does not have any taste, it cannot be dissolved in water or alcohol but is soluble in weakly alkaline solutions.
From the concentration of Phenanthroline and iron, moles of Fe in the complex = 0.00004 while those of Phenanthroline = 0.00008, therefore mole ratio is 1:2 therefore n value is 2. The experimental n value for Phenanthroline in Fe (II) is 2 while that of ferrozine is
In summary the factors that affect the intensity of color is the concentration of the color and the light that is shined through the color. By using a spectrophotometer or a colorimeter it is possible to find the intensity of light. With a higher intensity of color light does not escape as easy as with a lighter intensity.
The general shapes show the associated packets of energy involved in exciting and quenching a molecule. It shows the dependence on light intensity. Polarization helps in the identification of the direction in which the propagation of light takes place in relation to electricity. Polarization minimizes the reflection of beams of light. Polarization is useful for a variety of applications.
A bimolecular reaction is a reaction that occurs mechanistically as A + B products, with a mechanistic rate = k [A][B] (Wright 184). For reactions occurring in solutions, the solvent exerts an effect as a consequence of it being a condensed phase, with its molecules very close together even in the case of a chemically inert medium.
The TSCA develops frameworks and policies that can be used by EPA.
Since the passing of the act, very minimal reforms have been made to the act. Over the past years,
In electrolyzing water using solar energy, dye-sensitized photovoltaic cells are used. The sensitizer absorbs light that excites the chromophore leading to the production of electrons that undergo a series of processes within the cell to produce electric current for electrolyzing water. It is hypothesized that dyes or quantum dots can be used to sensitize the semiconductor oxide films of a solar cell to generate electricity (Gratzel 6841).
In the contemporary health sector, increased incidences of glucose concentration levels spur the need for urgent self-control measures. Such development measures include the establishment of self-monitoring devices including amperometric glucose sensors that can revolutionize complicated disease conditions.
It is important to note that evidence of acidic precipitation appears after a few days and long distances from the origin. Acid rain can be prevented in a numseveral in future. According to Casper, acid rain can be prevented in the future by switching to sources of energy that emit low levels of carbon.
Emily Draper, Tom Oliver and Dave Adams’ article “A Low Molecular Weight Hydrogel with Unusual Gel Ageing” describes the unique characteristics of the hydrogel element. The authors suggest that the gel is suitable because of its transparency and lightweight which makes it non-reactive with the skin (Draper, McDonald and Adams 2015, n.p).
When dealing with a fire involving polymeric materials it should be clear that molten material drips from the source. It can be hazardous to the firefighters or the environmental health and safety professional especially if it is dripping from the ceiling. Thermal decompositions of polymeric material produce a vapor that initially diffuses on the surface of the polymer.
Brass is a widely used alloy comprising mainly copper and zinc. In an effort to enhance certain properties of the brass alloy, traces of metals like lead are occasionally added. Technically, the incorporation of lead into the brass increases the mechanical properties of the alloy. On the other hand, a substantial concentration of copper imparts germicidal and properties into the brass alloy.
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There are various parameters used to test the quality of good paint. The parameters include opacity, shade achievement, viscosity, and gloss among others. For this case, testing is specific to the pigment. Therefore, the most important parameters include gloss, opacity, and strength of the color. Use a brush to apply the paint on a piece of paper.
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A binder serves to hold the pigment to the surface. Most binders are polymeric and are either suspended or dissolved in paint by emulsifiers. Natural oils- linseed, tung, and fish were used as binders until the 1960s. Currently, alkyd resins, vinyl and acrylic emulsions, epoxy resins, and polyurethanes are the primary binders used in paints.
John at age 27 was appointed to teach mathematics and natural philosophy at the New College where he taught for 7 years (Emery, 1988). This essay will explain the Chemistry background of the Atomic Theory as put forward by John Dalton, as well as how the theory affected subsequent studies into the nature of the atom.
Reportedly, there is a significant overlap between therapeutic and toxic drug concentration ranges such as fungal-derived immunosuppressive drugs, Cyclosporin A also known as Prograf® and FK506 known as Tacrolimus ® commonly used after soft organ transplantation and in the treatment of autoimmune disease.
The two modules “Evaluating Student’s Understanding of Chemical Bonding” by Tan and Treagust, and “Chemical Bonding” by Thompson and Staley both discuss the topic in different approaches resulting to different levels of response
The large industry of polymers has introduced conducting polymers that can be used in the solar cells to improve the energy transformation. Physical and chemical properties of polymers may vary based on
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Contamination of soil and water by acrylamide released from polyacrylamide degradation from hydraulic fracturing as friction agent is seen to be a major concern. In this case, carbon stable isotope ratios will be used in tracing the deposition as well as the transportation of this acrylamide release from the unknown source.
This experiment can be carried out using different methods. Nonetheless, a number of these methods have one disadvantage, evaporation of heat to the surrounding. The selected method for this experiment uses the first law of thermodynamics. This formula was necessary for determining the temperature of heated water.
In effect, this evaporation of the water due to a humid atmospheric temperature cools me down. Sweating is basically our body’s internal cooling system and can be likened to a car’s radiator which cools the engine when it
In this experiment, the flame test of the unknown solution gave a pink color indicating the presence of potassium ions. The chemical reaction between the unknown solution and barium chloride followed by acidification using dilute nitric acid gave a white precipitate indicating the presence of sulfate ions, which resulted from the formation of barium sulfate that is insoluble salt.
CERCLA hazardous substances are found in the products that are regularly used. They are regulated and pose no threat to life, but if they find their way to the environment, they can pollute the land, water and air, hence creating a negative impact on the health of both human beings and animals. These substances include led batteries, petroleum.
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Crystallography is done by use of X-rays and the concept of diffraction of light or electromagnetic spectrum. Crystalline structures have an effect on a beam of incident X-rays and cause them to diffract into
Generally, the debate on mineral spirits and their increasing danger to society is widely discussed in the article Mineral Spirits Poisoning in New York Times dated Thursday, February 26, 2015. The widespread use of the mineral spirit especially in painting poses significant health risks to the people.
For weak intermolecular forces, as in toluene and Xylene mixture remains constant, i.e. equal to the viscosity of the individual liquids.
Viscosity is inversely proportional to the intermolecular forces in a solution. Viscosity of water is
The structures of enzymes comprise a globular protein and a cofactor. The bonds holding the proteins in their structures are affected by temperature and pH changes. Such changes affect the shape of an enzyme, thus the catalytic action of an enzyme is dependent on the pH and temperature. For each enzyme, there is a small range of pH within which it works optimally.
The project revisits the study that was initiated by Robert Boyle in the year 1662. In the study, gas exhibited a unique characteristic that made it possible to make various studies regarding the gases. The compressibility of gases gave a