Chemistry Essays

If from the simplest activities people do from the time they wake up to the moment they sleep they are exposed to harmful chemicals, one should not wonder why even the advent of advanced health, beauty, and cleaning products cannot prevent the rise of numerous and new diseases and illnesses almost every day.

The volatility of a hydrocarbon determines the type that is going to be used in the manufacture of gasoline. Crude oil needs distillation and refining to make gasoline because crude petroleum comprises of hydrocarbons more or less volatile than gasoline. Gasoline is made up hydrocarbons molecules hydrogen and oxygen and carbon that can be oxidized to form water and carbon dioxide.

They have given the meaning to life that did not exist prior to them. This was mainly because computing devices possess extremely fast calculating capabilities and imaging mechanisms as a result of which analysis of data has now become possible that could not have even been thought of before the advent of computers.

The next procedure involved the purification of salicylic acid by recrystallization. The next involved the verification of the product to ensure that salicylic acid was produced instead of methyl salicylic. This was done by assessing the TLC and melting points of the product.

G and ?G° in chemical equilibrium; Solubility product, common ion effect, pH and buffer solutions, Bronsted and Lewis concepts and Hydrolysis of salts. As explored in this paper, Chemical equilibrium is applied in different industries to optimize chemical reactions especially where an output products is of interest.

Abstracts I. Degradation of Green Tea Catechins in Tea Drinks (Chen, Zhu, Tsang and Huang 477-482) The aim of this research was to investigate the degradation of Green tea catechins (GTC) such as epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) under various conditions to which they are usually exposed to, during processing and production of canned and bottled tea drinks.

With this on hand, the paper will focus on air pollution, including its cause and effect to the environment and the possible solution in order to lessen or terminate air pollution. 2.0 Air Pollution In brief, air pollution is the emission of harmful gasses to the atmosphere.

Introduction The method of tensile testing involves testing a material specimen for failure by the application of a tensile force. The tensile force application results into the change in shape (elongation) of the specimen followed by failure i.e. rupture.

Opioids are the morphine like synthetic drugs that produce the same effect as that of morphine for pain relief, respiratory depression, constipation and sedation. Opioids antagonists block the (µ , ? and ?) opioid receptors. (Flomenbaum et al. 2006). Opioid antagonists, when administered before treatment, block the opioid agonists by preventing their action.

The dependants of the clinical medicine receive their protection measures from the government-imposed, regulated quality assurance and quality control. However, the defendants, victims and the public receive their protection from the government-imposed quality assurance (Anderson 2000, p.

Can we see, weigh and perceive these entities? Is it possible to count the number of atoms and molecules in a given mass of matter and have a quantitative relationship between mass and the number of atoms and molecules in an exact manner? The answer is precisely a No!

It is governed by the equations that govern conventional capacitors. The fundamental difference is between it and the conventional capacitor is that it has an extremely large surface area and extremely small insulator (dielectric). This way, it has more energy densities comparable to that of both conventional capacitor and batteries.

Pharmacology Module 2 Student Name Instructors Name Course University Date of Submission Pharmacology Module 2 Workbook Activity 1 For each body system list the effect of activating the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems in the first two columns, then in the third column, describe a clinical symptom or condition that may be observed in someone with a highly activated parasympathetic nervous system.

No matter how the transformation or change is generated or produced, the voltage will be produced because of the transforming or changing magnetic field strength, moving a magnet away or towards the coil. 2. What is a galvanic cell and how does it work? Galvanic cells collect the electrical energy present from the electron transmission in a redox response or reaction to carry out an important electrical work.

Complete Name: Professor: Course: Date of Submission: Abstract: For most common people with typical issues to address in life, there would seem to be no space in thought to accommodate problems of scientific nature or as viewed from the context that they cannot readily engage in understanding as the impending deficiencies in atmospheric elements.

There is a significant amount of polymers that the produced modified organoclays can be blended with. Modified organoclays are known to be highly dispersible in both polar and non-polar polymers. However, we will use only Polyester TPE of three different grades (Grade: Hytrel 3078, Hytrel 4069 and Hytrel 5556).

The difference is the amount of measure used to quantify the amount of solutes in plasma. One litre of plasma osmolality is equivalent to 1 kilogram of plasma osmolarity. Osmolality in blood tend to increase with the body loss of water. For a normal person the antidiuretic hormone will be under stimulation if there is increased rate of osmolality.

The USCG inspection case of thinning of material caused by corrosion and pitting on the weld joint of a ballast tank is one such typical but routine marine engineering event taken up for examination, analysis and repair. Chemistry of Corrosion It is essential to understand the simple chemistry of corrosion to combat it effectively.

The bioavailability is low due the significant first-pass hepatic metabolism (O’Malley-Dafner 7; Davies 722-3). Part Two Orally administered, Naloxone undergoes a wide metabolism in normal subjects. It is minimally absorbed when given orally as it is quickly destroyed in the GI tract.

As per (Arnold,2011)“Exposure to even small amounts of mercury over a long period may cause negative health effects including damage to the brain, kidney, lungs, and the developing fetus”.

In my case, I was influenced to become a chemical engineer by both the society I live in and my family. I started to think about my future when I was only fourteen. One of my friends invited me to attend his graduation ceremony at UC Berkeley. When his name was called he proudly walked up the stage and received his first class honour degree certificate in biology.

These were the first efficient drugs to treat and prevent bacterial infections. Generally, sulfa drugs contain sulfomide structure. Most of these drugs are antibiotics and they act by inhibiting folic acid biosynthesis. The general structure of sulfa drugs is as indicated in the graphic below.

Cement has been a part of almost everything that man has built to improve his life. The chemistry and technology involved in its production has significantly contributed to the development of the world that we have today. On the other hand, environmental and even occupational issues comes hand-in-hand with this industry.

The whole experiment has been risk assessed to ensure complete safety in the laboratory during the process of this experiment.

Investigations on crystal structure and mechanism of AlkB have involved the use of both native and recombinant protein. Recombinant enzyme, entire as well as truncated form is produced through homologous expression; the former cloned in pET21b vector and expressed in BL21 (DES) competent cells; while the latter cloned in pET30a vector and expressed in BL21 competent cells.

Gas laws play a significant role in everyday life. The laws have a significant influence on the lives of living organisms. The atmospheric pressure, respiratory system of living organisms, etc all work according to the ideas detailed in the gas laws. Under an uncontrollable condition, gas a high-pressurized gas can be as dangerous as a nothing in the world.

Using novel methods in separation science, analytes in bodily fluids can be qualified and quantified within a matter of a few minutes. The most widely used techniques include HPLC, GC-MS, LC-MS methods of separation and analyses. In addition to these, chromatographic variants such as electrophoresis (capillary and SDS-PAGE) and TLC are frequently used. Liquid-liquid or solid-liquid extractions, shakeout and partitioning have been the age-old procedures to achieve separation.

Generally, there are two ways of producing modified proteins. Usually, turns and loops are the first areas of interest while considering engineering of new binding sites. Modifications are done either by creating new binding sites introducing random mutations on the surface of strands, helices or randomization of already existing regions that connect secondary structures.

Issues have been raised regarding toxicological properties of these natural compounds, detection of their presence in water and subsequent removal. The unprecedented structural features of these alkaloids consist of a uracil ring covalently linked to a sulfonated tricyclic guanidine.

(Herzberg, 1934). Over the past twenty five years significant increase in data regarding singlet oxygen has led to the recognition of its importance in organic chemistry, biochemistry and medicine. Singlet oxygen is an extremely reactive, nonradical, electrophilic molecule.

The paper aims to gain a proper understanding of reservoirs and their function in the society in order to better appreciate the literature relating to the impact of reservoirs in the UK on the surrounding community. This will allow for a better grasp of the issues relating to their impact on communities in which they are built and to which they supply water for drinking and household activities.

This paper discusses supramolecular polymers in general and hydrogen-bonded supramolecular polymers in particular. Molecular recognition, mechanism of polymerization and self-assembly processes of supramolecular polymers are also reviewed. This paper also provides a brief overview of their rheology and applications.

The research was aimed at construction of adsorption isotherms of chlorhexidine to flax and cotton fibres. Such isotherms are common in describing adsorption and comparing the performance of different adsorbates and adsorbents. In this particular work the amount of chlorhexidine was presented as a function of concentration at constant temperature.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the following: Description of Major Incidents such as King’s Cross fire, Kaprun fire disaster and 1995 Baku Metro fire; A critical analysis on chemical explosions (or fires); Toulouse chemical explosion; Consequences of explosions and a critical appraisal of the discussion.

The second part X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Powder X-ray. Powder X-ray diffraction is among the primary methods, which are used by solid-state chemists and mineralogists to examine physic-chemical build-up of solids, which are unknown to them. The data is denoted in a group of single-phase X-ray powder diffraction forms of three strong D values in table form (Khan 24).

The research question will be addressed through research at a single hospital where individual staff members will be interviewed for their perceptions on the problem. Additionally, patients will be observed for evidence of intoxication, and the proportion of injuries that were influenced by alcohol consumption will be determined from department records.

The target series of compounds was produced through reductive amination between four amines and a dialdehyde produced from α-D-glucopyranose. The amines that were used in the project are: butyl amine, benzyl amine, L-phenylalanine and Tyrosine-OMe.

Table of Contents Abstract 2 Introduction 3 Singlet and triplet oxygen 4 Formation of singlet oxygen 6 Type I and Type II oxidation pathways 8 Photosensitizers 10 Aromatic hydrocarbons and organic dyes 10 Phthalocyanines, porphyrins and other tetrapyroles 14

Cylindrospermopsin is regarded as an important algae toxin which has been associated with contamination of surface water. CYN is chemically classified as a trycyclic alkaloid composed of a trycyclic guanidine moiety joined with hydroxymethyluracil (Masten 2000).

Introduction: The emission of electrons from metals irradiated by light was first observed by Becquerel in 1839. Under a classical model of light, one would expect the energy of the ejected electrons to be related to the intensity of the light waves used, and also that light waves of any frequency would be effective in ejecting electrons.

Introduction Reports on 6th October reveal that the EQ Industrial Services plant located at Apex, a suburb of Raleigh in North Carolina, suffered a big chemical explosion attack. The explosion was preceded by fire followed by additional number of explosions that caused air contamination due to the toxic fumes that were emitted from chlorine.

Mining industries around the globe are under constant scrutiny as far as the treatment of contaminated water is concerned. There is mounting pressure for mining industries to adopt effective and advanced methods that are environmentally sustainable. Water management has often been the most challenging, as well as long term environmental liability.

Almost, all the sectors including finance, retail and communication segments of businesses are enormously being affected by e-commerce activities. In other words, it can broadly be stated that e-commerce has dramatically changed the business modes by a significant level.

Such toxicity hazards from seafood are recognized internationally when they are from marine algae (diatoms and dinoflagellates), but nowadays few risk assessments for Cylindrospermopsin in seafood have been conducted. This paper estimates the risk from Cylindrospermopsin contaminated seafood, and provides strategies for safe human consumption.

Emirates Telecommunications Corporation – Etisalat has adopted as a strategy of outsourcing information technology in order to gain competitive edged in the telecommunications market in UAE and the Middle-East. A research study has been carried out to find the relationship of outsourcing of IT adopted as a strategic initiative and the profitability and sustainability of Emirates Telecommunications Corporation – Etisalatm (Henry, 2008, p.17).

: Acid Rain “Acid rain is a worldwide environmental issue that has seriously destroyed forest ecosystems” (Liu et al). When rain water consists of excessive acid content, we call it as acid rain. The development of industries, power plants and the increased use of automobiles have polluted the atmosphere immensely and as a result of that the normal structure of the atmosphere has been changed a lot.

Nanocomposites are polymers containing particles in the matrix that possess at least one dimension of the dispersed particles in the nanometer range (

In simple terms, it can be said that sugars, starches, cellulose and several other compounds present in the living organisms are carbohydrates. These compounds are classified based on their chemical structure into monosaccharides, disaccharide, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides (Zamora, 2011).

Once crude oil is extracted it is itself a mixture of various lighter factions of organic liquids. The composition of crude oil varies from location to location though the change is not highly significant. The commonest factions that compose crude oil are generally alkanes, cycloalkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons and other organic compounds that are constituted from sulphur, oxygen and nitrogen along with trace amounts of transition metals such as vanadium, nickel, iron and copper.

Clonidine is metabolized by the liver and degrades into four main metabolites when exiting the body in the urine. Currently, only p-hydroxyclonidine is identified by clinical research as present in the urine as a byproduct of the degradation reaction of Clonidine in patients. (DrugBank, 2011)