Chemistry Essays

In relation to the commonly used food chemicals, this study aims to closely examine the nature of rBST and the chemical composition of Chlorpyrifos. Eventually, the health and environmental

The materials will involve water, vegetable oil, food colouring, baking soda and a 1-litre soda or water bottle that is clear. The first step of the experiment would be to obtain a surface that cannot be damaged by oil or one that can be easily wiped clean and gather the materials there. A better option would be to cover the surface with old newspapers.

Many toxic, flammable, hazardous and explosive substances are used in the processing of manufacture and operation at the petrochemical plant. Therefore, it is vital that the management recognizes the risks and hazards and possibly come up with ways through which to minimize the risks.

The method depends on several aspects going right. The outstanding assumption is that the liquid is volatile enough to vaporize at relatively higher temperatures (Bettelheim & Landesberg, 2013). Moreover, the liquid is less volatile thus a smaller quantity will evaporate via the underlying orifice during the cooling process of the container.

This will raise the milliliters or the volume of the titrant added, decreasing the molarity or making it too low. That is the reason why one want it a very light color and not a dark rich color. The other source of error is the use of impure

The hepatic ducts, the cystic duct and common bile ducts, are all involved in this process. Bile salts trapped in the leads to inflammation within the gallbladder, ducts, or rarely the liver. Attacks from gallstones mostly result from

Independent procedures of the Williamson ether synthesis method involved cleaning of reactants, production of intermediate compounds, isolation of products, and characterization of the resultant

The general shapes show the associated packets of energy involved in exciting and quenching a molecule. It shows the dependence on light intensity. Polarization helps in the identification of the direction in which the propagation of light takes place in relation to electricity. Polarization minimizes the reflection of beams of light. Polarization is useful for a variety of applications.

The median cumulative dose of ABLC in patients >65 years of age and those < or = 65 years of age was similar. Despite higher median pretreatment serum creatinine (S-Cr) among patients >65 years of age (1.7 mg/dl vs. 1.4 mg/dl, respectively), both groups showed only a 0.1 mg/dl median S-Cr change from baseline by the end of therapy (P = 0.525).

Positional isomers of xylene were scanned and the concentration of the unknown was linearly determined through the obtained peak responses. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) is an analytical technique used primarily to identify compounds based on the responses of the functional groups present in its molecule.

In the contemporary health sector, increased incidences of glucose concentration levels spur the need for urgent self-control measures. Such development measures include the establishment of self-monitoring devices including amperometric glucose sensors that can revolutionize complicated disease conditions.

(b)Yes. The reaction between Barium hydroxide and Nitric (V) acid will complete because the Nitric acid in the reaction reacts and completely dissociates to form Hydroxyl ions in solution. Hence due to its complete dissociation; the reaction is termed

(a)Which surface is the better heterogeneous catalyst for the decomposition of ammonia? Why? Tungsten is the better heterogeneous catalyst since it could effect lower Ea compared to osmium. (b)How many times faster is the reaction at 298 K on the W surface than with no catalyst? Assume the same frequency factor. 

The term ‘biodegradable’ is often applied to such materials. The main difference is that biodegradable material is destroyed in natural conditions due to the action of microorganisms, sunlight, temperature, moisture, and oxygen. Most of the biopolymers (but not all) and some polymers obtained from fossil fuels are biodegradable.

Many strategies available today can be scaled up to reduce emissions by at least 1 billion tons of carbon per year by 2054. We call this reduction a “wedge” of the triangle. By embarking on several of these wedge strategies now, the world can take a big bite out of the carbon problem instead of passing the whole job on to future generations (Masters).

Some studies have addressed the unresolved and important questions related to why the presence of specific oligomerization-state determinants that is within coiled-coil is not linked with its topology. The studies have identified that there is an unexpected and general correlation between trigger sequences (Indispensable elements for coiled-coil formation).

The major observation obtained upon this comparison is that the fresher the egg, the more the salt needed to make it float and conversely, the older the egg, the less the salt needed. A fresher egg requires a higher density solution for it to

This compound is responsible for strengthening bones. The main purpose of this compound is to take calcium to the bones to prevent bone disorders. In elderly people, the compound helps a lot as it slows down the growth of any disease. Studies have shown that the administration of this compound in cancer patients slows the disease 

It has excellent tensile strength and flexibility. It has high oxygen and aroma barrier properties. Its ability to absorb water increases its elongation and tearing strength. PVA is both degradable and soluble thus making it possible to be chemically decomposed to form intermediate products that are easier to dispose of.

It was in the beginning found in organic form in nature. Thus it can be used to create good bacteria population. Sodium benzoate has no negative effects in organic form, only the man-made has toxic

he ecosystem of the oceans (and throughout the world), how they are important to preserve, how they are being destroyed, and what can be done to slow/stop this destruction while at the same time engaging people with the need for change. Through such a discussion, it is the hope

Buoyancy is the property of an object that keeps it floating instead of sinking. Buoyancy and density are closely related to each other as density is the property of an object that enables it to float. If the object has a fairly large volume concerning its mass, it will have less density which enables the object to float over water.

Ceramic Raschig ring has high surface area and moderate surface area as a result of its structure that is cylindrical hollow, therefore it is applicable as microorganism’s solid support, in which greater rate of mass transfer is attainable. In this report, the characteristics of hydrodynamic which include: material density, bulk density, etc.

The experiment has various application both in the laboratory and industrial applications. Drug manufacturing firms, for instance, use the procedure to test for the presence of anti-acid in drugs. The titration involves complex reactions where molecules or ions are formed when metals ions react with ligands or complexing agents which represent either one or more molecules.

A chiral molecule has a non-identical stereo-center and therefore non-superimposable on its mirror image. It is however not necessarily asymmetrical. Ligand binding will mostly be either ionic or hydrogen bonds. However, at times, the intermolecular forces of the van der Waals will be used to bind the compound to the target receptor. 

36- A chemist combines 6 grams of hydrogen with 52 grams of oxygen in a reaction that results in water as its only product. 4 grams of oxygen remain while all the hydrogen

The initial concentration of the dyes is 100% at the beginning of the experiment. The cuvettes are then placed into a spectrophotometer. They are oriented in such a way that their smooth sides lining face the light source to enable easy penetration of light through them. Multiple trials were then performed because the spectrophotometer can only measure one sample at a time.

The plastic plate with a small hole was then inserted into the first groove from the top of the sensor box at a distance of 2 centimeters (20 millimeters) from the sensor. The readings of the Gieger counter were then taken after one minute. The same

Scientific research studies indicated that people who often drink tea in large amounts are susceptible to develop a painful bone disease called skeletal fluorosis. Its symptoms are joint pain similar to arthritis and bone loss similar to

Sodium borohydride solution was added to the ketone solution dropwise, and a Pasteur pipette was used to swirl the flask between each addition to dispersing cloudiness prior to adding the next drop. When the dropwise addition was completed, a stir bar was placed in the reaction flask, and the flask was stirred until a heavy slurry of precipitate formed, which took between 30 minutes and 1 hour.

One of the major ingredients is calcium phosphate, which has components for strengthening and protecting gums in the mouth and other infections and diseases. Calcium phosphate has greater healthy benefits. Most people suffering from tooth decay opt for homemade procedural toothpaste using calcium phosphate.

Lignin is normally found in wood and is a very important element of the secondary walls of plants and of certain algae. It was in 1813 that lignin was first talked about by A.P. de Candolle. His explanation about lignin was that it is a fibrous material that does not have any taste, it cannot be dissolved in water or alcohol but is soluble in weakly alkaline solutions.

In recent times, concrete has become a complex material, which has become difficult to understand. Throughout the years, it has been experimented in order to improve its strength. Materials such as flash, marble dust, and several cementitious materials have experimented with concrete in order to improve its strength and other properties.

The CuSO4 solution has the deepest blue color that absorbs more light than a solution of lower concentration, for example, Copper (II) acetate. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) technique is used to determine the absorbance of the solutions. Five standard

For instance, the paper’s thesis sought to use 2D NMR COSY/HECTOR data in conjunction with H, C NMR and unknowns 1, 2 and 3 from which the conclusion after analyzing

Studies have identified a number of factors as the causative agents of earthquakes with fracking as one of them. Such a cause has had scientific backing with transform plate boundaries sliding past one another, resulting in land disturbances in areas around the transformed plates, an aspect considered as the greatest contributor towards the occurrence of earthquakes as contributed to by fracking.

When a base is titrated with an acid, the pH gradually changes until it reaches the equivalence point, where there is a sharp change. At this point, there is an equal amount of both the acid and the base. As the titration proceeds, the point at which the color of the solution that contains the indicator changes is called the end point (Levine, 2001).

After the safety considerations, procedural steps of the experiment were performed. The volume of the pitcher was measured using a graduated cylinder. Simultaneously, the balloon was prepared by inflating it with either hydrogen or helium and subsequently weighed. Either the excess balloon was cut off or additional pieces of strings were added to the balloon setup until the balloon could float in air.

Place 5 drops of the test reagent on the white spot plate then adds 2 drops of the unknown #703 sample. Stir the solution with a thin glass rod in order to mix the components and observe any color change. Place 100 μl of the cold

Basically, the flame is used to atomize the sample so that radiation emitted is measured. Understanding the principle of atomic emission spectroscopy would require a brief description of the instrument used. This would offer us an insight on the principles involved in

In such a case, the molecular bands, atomic or ionic lines are emitted by excited molecules, atoms or ions. In this case, Na+ ions in the solution are able to produce color

Examples of natural mixtures are air, sea water, river water, etc. however, mixtures can be made by humans for various purposes; paint is an example of a mixture that is manufactured industrially and used extensively. In every day life mixtures are every where.  Juices, mixed spices, salad dressing, etc are all mixtures.

trations periods are greater than 0.5 gm/kW which translates to more than $3600 platinum per vehicle, less expensive methods like this one are perfectly welcome. Reducing the amount of platinum needed for anti-knock at the cathode is surely important to the economy. By checking

Ionic bonding defines cohesive forces between atoms of different chemical elements because of ions of opposite charged that attract one another. The bonding forms between two elements such that atoms in one of the elements lose electrons from

The ideas on the regulation of protein synthesis in bacteria have mainly arisen from the studies of Perse Monod on the induced synthesis of B-galactosidase in E.coli. It resulted in the discovery of regulatory events to the transcription of DNA and the assemblage of functionally related genes into clusters called operons.

There are several requirements imposed on a plant by designers and the general social, technical and environmental conditions in the presence of ever-changing external influences. The most important of these requirements is safety. This is primary, in order to ensure the well being of the people in the plant.

The common goal of scientific policies are to typically help the general public and protect them from any issues that arise in the sectors of health, environment and safety and though sometimes politics have a common interest

It is important to note that evidence of acidic precipitation appears after a few days and long distances from the origin. Acid rain can be prevented in a numseveral in future. According to Casper, acid rain can be prevented in the future by switching to sources of energy that emit low levels of carbon.

The goal of the research was to find out if lowering low density lipoprotein or increasing the levels of high density lipoproteins had any effect on the occurrence of heart attacks or strokes1. This

methods of crime suspect’s identification using DNA analysis and comparison of existing data from the integrated automated fingerprint identification system are not exhaustive because such information depends on their authenticity from the time of collection from the crime