Chemistry Essays

As oil is non-renewable resource, this branch needs to develop technologies aimed on rational exploitation of oilfields and decreasing of loses and waste

The final important part of the reaction normally involves the decomposition of sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3 through heating at high temperatures (calcination) whereby sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3 precipitates and converts to sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) while both carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) are liberated as gases. 

The author of the paper states that another method of strengthening is called chemical strengthening. This is where the glass material is submerged into a potassium nitrate solution. The high-mass potassium molecule, which is bigger, then replaces the sodium molecule in the glass material.

Therefore, it rids the environment of methane, which is among the major gases that are significant for global warming via greenhouse effect (Khalil 34). The company’s name is yet to be determined. It is a relatively young company with a bright

The project revisits the study that was initiated by Robert Boyle in the year 1662. In the study, gas exhibited a unique characteristic that made it possible to make various studies regarding the gases. The compressibility of gases gave a

CERCLA hazardous substances are found in the products that are regularly used. They are regulated and pose no threat to life, but if they find their way to the environment, they can pollute the land, water and air, hence creating a negative impact on the health of both human beings and animals. These substances include led batteries, petroleum.

The radiation from the isotopes destroys or weakens the targeted cells in the human body. Other isotopes are significant in the sterilization of the medical equipment and products. It is noteworthy that the utilization of

This simply implies that less chlorhexidine was left in the solution with flax than in cotton due to the fact that flax has adsorbed more chlorhexidine than cotton. It appears that flax can adsorb almost twice the amount of chlorhexidine cotton can adsorb. This suggests that

The results yielded a significant relationship between mass and volume at ‘0.05 level of significance’ and a corresponding p value of 0.0009. The results also identified an experimental density of 7.54 g/mL for the pennies

Since acids and bases readily react with each other, it is experimentally quite easy to find the amount of acid in a solution by determining how many moles of the base are required to neutralize it. This operation is called titration, and you should already be familiar with it from your work in the Laboratory. We can titrate an acid with a base, or a base with an acid.

Methylene chloride is described as very hazardous substance in case of eye contact, ingestion, inhalation or skin contact. Personnel using this chemical should protect themselves from exposure by wearing laboratory coats, safety goggles, vapour respirators (approved/certified) and gloves. Exhaust ventilation and other engineering controls should be provided to keep the airborne concentrations of vapours below the threshold limit value (TLV). 

oride, dichloro-difluoromethane , chladone 12, dichlorodifluormethane, dichlor(difluor)methan, dichloro(difluoro)methane, Frigen R12 , khladon 12, Chlorofluorocarbon 12, Arcton 12, arcton 6, Fluorocarbon-12, electro-cf 12, Forane 12, eskimon 12, Fluorocarbon 12, Freon 12,

Energy-producing companies such as BP endorsed the energy wedge. The motor vehicle industry that actively engages in the production of a motor vehicle such as Ford also endorsed the program. The reason behind their support is that they wanted to be partners in the effort of finding solutions to the greenhouse problem, which causes global warming. 

The synthesis of complex molecules several reaction sequences may be required to achieve a target molecule. The quality of each procedure and its efficacy in producing desired products are a major consideration in any process (MSU). The

Evidence to this assertion is depicted under stoichiometry reactions (McLean, 3). These reactions were able to prove that a combination of elements was able to maintain their proportion after reacting with each other.

With the current situation of the state where supplements are freely roaming the stores and pharmacies, and some drugs are easily bought over the counter, their move to regulate them may cause these products to be out of the market. This can hurt the public, especially those who are relying on affordable ways to get treatment for their sickness.

Benzo-pyrene is polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with complex mixtures produced through incomplete combustion (US EPA, 2011). They appear as pale yellow crystals which do not dissolve in water. (SEPA, n.d). They are commonly found in cigarettes, foods that are grilled and broiled. They are also products of industrial processes (EPA, 2006).

Lowering the pressure to around 250-350 atmospheres and raising the temperature to between 400-500°C while passing the gases over four catalyst beds was found to overcome the problem of containing the gases at very high pressure. Each pass over one catalyst bed leads to the conversion of around 15% of the mixture.

Lead is known to be a health hazard for all humans. And it cannot be seen or smelled neither can it be tasted. Human beings are surrounded by lead within the environment, but this does not implicate that

The suppression of the transformation of the super cooled liquid to crystalline phase due to the addition of novel alloy components alloys for

John at age 27 was appointed to teach mathematics and natural philosophy at the New College where he taught for 7 years (Emery, 1988). This essay will explain the Chemistry background of the Atomic Theory as put forward by John Dalton, as well as how the theory affected subsequent studies into the nature of the atom.

Halogenated organic compounds may build up in the environment and establish in food chains thus, causing health problems and adverse ecological impacts. When polymeric materials are retarded by fire, the EH & s or an FS professional and the entire living population become more exposed health hazards connected with these compounds.

The protein called the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) influences the transport of chloride and the abnormality is found in the DNA of the related cells. The AF508 mutation that is what it is called as deletes three nucleotides or DNA building blocks from the gene.

According to the report DFTD is a devastating cancerous sarcoma that has an effect on 30 to 50 percent of Tasmanian devils. The advancement of ulcerated tumors all around the head and jaws of the animal is found to be the characteristics of disease. These extend into malignant tumors that disperse from the face of animal to the whole body.

Spin quantum number ‘ms’ is related to spin of the electron that can be either clockwise or anticlockwise. Its value is +1/2 or -1/2 (Quantum Numbers and Electron Configurations, 2014). Aufbau is a German word that means

For weak intermolecular forces, as in toluene and Xylene mixture remains constant, i.e. equal to the viscosity of the individual liquids. Viscosity is inversely proportional to the intermolecular forces in a solution. Viscosity of water is

In general, there is a genuine risk of indoor air pollution, which can cause a serious health hazard. The presence of Molds and Volatile Organic Chemicals are certainly a threat to our health as the first causality can be our lungs and respiratory system, which get effected by inhaling of such compounds.

Therefore, the next step would be to analyze some of the chemical properties of styrene. Polystyrene is brittle, less viscous and leaves a dry film. These properties allow us to conclude that polystyrene is formed. The mixture becomes thicker (viscous) while

e radioactive tracer is absorbed by the muscle of the heart in proportional direction to blood flow, then to the muscle area, during rest and in the post stress. The variation in myocardial absorption of technetium after and before stress identifies heart muscle areas that are

The decision for choosing this day for carrying out this activity was based on the fact that this served well to illustrate my typical day. Much consideration was taken to ensure that no external factors came in hand to distort the recording of the quantities. The recording of the foods eaten was done immediately after eating and some were done just before eating.

Most of these drugs are antibiotics and they act by inhibiting folic acid biosynthesis. The general structure of sulfa drugs is as indicated in the graphic below. The use of the drug is based on the concept of metabolic antagonism. Sulfa drugs

Pyruvate is the end product of this process when energy is sufficient but during the time of hypoxia, this pyruvate goes into the lactic acid cycle. It is the conversion of pyruvate into lactate to produce an extra amount of energy which is 2 molecules of ATP. The enzyme involved in this process is called lactate dehydrogenase.

Contamination of soil and water by acrylamide released from polyacrylamide degradation from hydraulic fracturing as friction agent is seen to be a major concern. In this case, carbon stable isotope ratios will be used in tracing the deposition as well as the transportation of this acrylamide release from the unknown source.

One molecule of the enzyme can ‘attack’ a number of linkages on different glucose chains. The activity and stability of amylase depend on calcium and chloride ions. It has a molecular weight of 55 KD (Jacobsen, Melvaer, and Hensten-Pettersenm 1972). Salivary amylases have an optimum temperature, pH etc at which they show maximum activities.

By measuring how the temperature changes when H­2O2 and a catalyst are mixed, it is possible to determine the enthalpy of decomposition H­2O2. This experiment will determine the enthalpy of decomposition of H­2O2 ­when it is mixed with potassium

the effects of the nature of the leaving group, the size of the nucleophile as well as the polarity of the solvent on the rate of SN1 and SN2 reactions. Primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl bromides were reacted with NaI in presence of acetone and ethanol solvents to determine

and vinegar was placed under burette. NaOH from the burette was slowly added to the flask, as the flask was being swirled until the solution in the flask was a faint permanent pink. The final volume for NaOH was recorded on the data sheet. At equivalence point, enough base

d). This reactive property of chemicals is employed in a wide range of industries such as food production, material production, pharmaceutical, and others. Conventionally, many such industries do not always categorize the unique behaviour of

The outcome of the experiment highlights advantages and limitations to each technique and instrument applied during the lab exercise. In which case, three experiments were set up to explore the concept of XRF. For the first experiment, there is an analysis of gold in plating solutions in the presence of several additive ions by portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF).

Its creation purpose was to safeguard human health. The activities of these organizations directly influence the economy of countries in the European Union. In turn, their decisions have alignment with the political structure of several states within the European Union. Globally, their requirements are among the strictest regulation measures that directly affect trade within the European market.

cottish researcher at the Rowett Research Institute located in Aberdeen, the processes of altering the genetics of food causes damage to a mammal’s digestive and immune systems. In his studies, the researcher discovered that when rats were fed with transgenic potatoes they

Although the water component is normally at low concentrations (< 0.2%) and can easily be vaporized, free water is a major contaminant that can potentially cause serious damage to jet engines (Taylor, 2008, p.2401). The icing on the critical components of the jet fuel system is particularly attributed to the fact that solubility normally decreases with decreasing temperatures.

Acute exposure is normally limited to a duration that is less than 24 hours and entails single or recurrent exposure in the period. Sub-acute exposure entails frequent exposure that might last for a single month whilst sub-chronic exposure entails a period that ranges from one month to corresponding three months. These exposure limits are normally applicable to exposure by inhalation and skin exposure.

Like alkyl groups, alkynyl, alkenyl and aryl groups can bond to a metal form through a single carbon atom. For this property, these groups are described as “monohapto’. However, there is a possibility of each of these three groups accepting “pai” electron density into anti-bonding orbitals, although the same has not been observed, largely, so far. 

Since there are a total of 28 electrons, half of them has a value of -½ and half of them has a value of +½. Therefore there are 14 electrons having a value of +½ ms A5 For each of the following molecules, give the hybridization of the central atom

Identify the sXRORROArOHR1RRR1R2OHR1R2R4R3ORRROOROROHR2R1R–X + –C≡NR–C≡NR–X + –C≡C–RR–C≡C–Rynthons A, B and C (in the form (R1)+/(R2)–). (iii) Another reagent is required for the reaction of D

Water is the only substance that can be taken by both active and inactive persons, it is one of the few things needed by the body as the body cannot do without, Gatorade and Powerade are not as essential as water is to the body water is the best choice to invest in as it is timeless and will always be a basic need required by the human body.    

Athletes have used it as an ergogenic aid to decrease fatigue and improve performance. However, it is suspected of being associated with low birth weight, abortion, intrauterine growth retardation, and an increased risk of premature membrane rupture. The physiological characteristics of xanthines make them compounds of interest.

For instance, shadows are grey in their real context but appear greenish blue to the eyes. The difference in appearance is as a result of the fact that the eyes try to counter the strong orange-red light from the sun. A cone exposed to two opposite

However, to fully comprehend how the cleaning up process of oil spill works, it is necessary to understand the chemistry behind mitigation of oil spills. There are several ways in controlling and cleaning up oil spills. These methods are usually combinations of