Biology Essays

Lung cancer remains the main cause of cancer deaths in the world. Its symptoms are usually the signs of developed tumors in the lung. It is caused mostly by the effect of carcinogens (especially tobacco smoke). The treatment of lung cancer is multidisciplinary and includes chemotherapy together with radiotherapy or surgery.

L. Mencken has played the role of reporting the Scopes Trial, since he was a reporter for The Baltimore Sun and also the editor of American Mercury; platforms that he used to speak out his mind not only about the case but also about the people of the South, their culture and their mannerisms (PBS, n.p.).

I have sufficient background information on DNA, RNA, and protein creation, as well as possible defects that could arise from changes in DNA arrangements. Even though I was not well informed of the dystrophin gene, my

Proteins serve various functions in the body including building and repairing of muscle and tissues, synthesis of red blood cells, hormones and enzymes as well as energy production. In highly physical activities such as athletics, the adequacy of Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) and the role of the amino acid on performance are debatable.

Manipulative skills and cognitive microbiological knowledge are essential for the identification of microorganisms beyond their genus classification, i.e. to their species identification. The use of previously performed experiments and procedures laid the foundation of dichotomous keys, Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology.

Solar cells or PV cells are made up of a semiconductor material like silicon etc. The incident sunlight is absorbed by the material; the solar energy knocks out electrons from their atoms, allowing the electrons to flow through the material to produce electricity. This process of converting photons to electrons is called the photovoltaic effect.

Lakes and ponds are valuable water resources usefully for transportation, fishing, agriculture, recreation and habit for a myriad of organisms. These water bodies also provide water for domestic and industrial use. However, the quality of water bodies is affected by various factors and the status of water bodies is used in their classification.

The author of the paper states that phenotypic changes, as a result, influence organisms’ survival and reproduction. However, the relationship between genotype and phenotype changes is a very recent discovery. Many qualitative and quantitative pieces of research are still underway to identify the relationship.

The island has the sea climate as a dominant habitat, its mainland is dominated by a wetland climate. This gives the island a constant change in the climate where rains are experienced from January through to March. This is preceded by the monsoon climate during the winter months. As such, the climate of the island is in constant change.

Collectively, all these benefits are what are referred to as ecosystem services. They include various products like the clean water that we drink, and processes like waste decomposition. The United Nations has grouped the ecosystem services in four categories which include; provisioning, which is the production of water and food.

Mr Toll is a diabetic, and his condition is known to have serious health implications which might include diet overhaul. Diabetes has serious physical limitations and may cause morbidity issues. The physical complications might be compounded with

Genetic diversity refers to variations occurring among individuals in a population. Genetic diversity makes individuals unique and distinct from each other. However, there are certain processes and factors that contribute to shaping genetic diversity. Mutations, migration, sexual reproduction, and population size are some of the factors that relate to genetic diversity.

DAT immunoblot and immunoprecipitation were done with mouse N-terminal Ab16 generated against residues 42-59 to determine total DAT. The determination of Thr Phosphorylation Stoichiometry was done by immunoprecipitating rat striatal lysates with Thr(P) Ab and bound and unbound portions were immunoblotted with Thr (P).

Spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) used in the study must overcome extreme conditions of intense feeding competition and crack of bones (Holekamp, Lundrigan, Tanner and Zelditch

In both aerobic and anaerobic respirations, the process takes place in the cytoplasm and mitochondria cells. In addition, both aerobic and anaerobic forms of respiration result to production of energy and ATP (Jerome, 2008). The difference between the two forms is

The air inhaled is absorbed to the blood system via thin tissues called alveoli within lungs in order to be supplied to all parts of the body. Every body tissue receives a continuous supply of oxygen for respiration and

When air quality is good, the air is clear and contains only small amounts of solid particles and chemical pollutants. Poor air quality, which contains high levels of pollutants, is often hazy and dangerous to health and the environment.  For a specific location, the air quality is a direct result of both how air moves through the area and how people are influencing the air.

Honeybees (Apis melliera), were first introduced to North America by European settlers in the 1600s. Honeybees are social animals, making it easy for their domestication by human beings but under friendly environments. When well-managed, honey bees tend to be resourceful to individual farmers and the state or the nation at large.

Though they have similar functions, the xylem and phloem have different processes by which they work and the plant puts them to different uses.In the process of moving water and minerals from the roots to the outer shoots, the sap is moved through the xylem by the action of a few different forces and physical properties.

I oppose the current Federal government funding for embryonic stem cell research. As one of many progenitors of other human beings, I find this issue morally, as well as legally, reprehensible. But I bear a two-fisted burden in saying so. As a member of the medical community, I also find that the possibilities for stem cell research

The author states that interestingly though, rather than take the stem cell during the zygote or embryonic state, scientists have extracted “so-called germline stem cells of the female fruit fly”. These cells are precursors to eggs and begin their journey as stem cells living in a special environment called a niche.

The author states that as part of the agreement, a dividing scheme was laid out, which has been criticized for its complexity and lack of consistency. For example, human-tissue derived products are classified as drugs, but human blood-derived products are classified as biologics. Biologics combined with radioactive components are considered biologics.

The author states that the complexity of the technology makes it hard to fathom how Sir Alec Jeffreys was able to discover it in the early 1970s. This was the time when scientific technologies were still in their beginner stages, and it was until 20 or so years later that any real inventions and revolutions were to take place in DNA technologies.

A common feature in lizard families in terms of the auditory apparatus is that lizard papillae comprise two types of hair cells (Miller 1992). The first of these are hair cells which are thick and innervated by several afferent and efferent nerves. These cells are responsible for the transmission and perception of low frequency sound waves.

The author states that the pGLO plasmid incorporated with the GFP gene, regulated by the arabinose inducible promoter was transformed into E.coli strain HB101. To confirm the success of transformation, the recombinant DNA was isolated and purified from the transformants followed by digestion using HIND III /EcoRV.

The author states that one of the most significant indicators of the importance of the Circadian Rhythm is the link that has been found between the normal circadian cycle and the health and longevity of otherwise healthy mammals. The author found that arrhythmic patterns from both populations lived significantly shorter than the rhythmic ones.

In many ways, water is a miracle liquid. Water is found on the earth in three forms: solid, liquid, and gas; or ice, liquid water, and gas respectively.  It is essential for all living things and it is often referred to as a universal solvent because many substances dissolve in it. These unique properties of water result from the ways in which individual H2O molecules interact with each other.

It is useful when located in the large intestine and assists with waste processing, vitamin K production, and food absorption. Earlier Escherichia coli was originally known as Bacterium coli commune that was discovered in 1885 by the German pediatrician and bacteriologist, Theodor Escherich. E. coli belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae.

An example of the cardiovascular system’s ability to adapt is seen in response to a max test. This test measures the volume of oxygen in the blood that the body uses in one minute of maximal exercise.

The protein – energy relationship is a significant parameter that adjusts itself with the other physiologic conditions during the phenomenon of shrinkage. Amino acids required as essential substrates for protein synthesis are necessary for energy production along with increased body weight and stature. 

The cell capsule is a layer that lies on the outside cell wall of bacteria; as it cannot be easily removed within the cell, it can cause a variety of diseases. The cell capsule is also known as the bacterial capsule, as it prevents the bacteria from being cleaned away within the system, making sure that they do not desiccate.

Kinesin-2 staining was dot-like throughout the cell and did not colocalize with AJC proteins in control and calcium-depleted T84 and SK-CO-15 cells. These data suggest that the kinesin-1 motor may play a role in regulating endocytosis and intracellular trafficking of TJ/AJ proteins during calcium depletion.

As the paper, Is Biomedical Model out of Date?, highlights many models had been proposed and one such model is the biomedical model. The biomedical model has found the formation and defined the character of American medical practice and education. This paper focuses on explaining why biomedical model is considered to be outdated.

The chemical metabolisms that go together with ripening process do increase the levels of sugar that is available in a fruit and this makes it have a sweet taste (Mauseth, 2003, p 80). Let’s take bananas as our example. They have a lot of starch but as the fruit ripens, it’s converted into fructose.

Various antibiotics work differently on various types of bacteria, but for one aim. By definition, antibiotics are ineffective against viruses and thus prescribing antibiotics when unnecessary or ineffective encourages increase in antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains.

Thermoregulation, osmoregulation and glucoregulation are few examples of negative feedback mechanisms. The importance of negative feed back mechanisms is that they provide a negative feedback loop to keep conditions of a living organism within tolerable limits and to prevent it from a sudden severe change.

The author states that when there was no infestation of ECB each type of corn experienced a relatively moderate growing yield, with BT456 and Golden Crop exhibiting the greatest yields. In the two other applications, all crops seemed to somewhat continue to thrive in the low infestation while enduring larger losses during high infestations.

Water is considered a universal solvent due to its polarity. Water dissolves ionic solutes completely because the negative hydroxide ion is attracted towards the cations of the solute and the positive Hydrogen (H+) is attracted towards the anions of the solute thus dissolving the solute totally. An example of a nonionic solute is table sugar.

The battle between theories οf evolution and those based on creationism has been going on for many years and does not look as if it will be over any time soon. Particularly, this ongoing debate has surrounded the teachings in public schools.

However, the most widely accepted theory was the “filament sliding model” proposed by Huxley and Niedergerke (1954), and Huxley and Hanson (1954). A skeletal muscle is made up of subunits called the fasicles. Fasicles are bundles of elongated muscle fibers which extend for the length of the muscle.

Organelle Z is Endoplasmic reticulum and has a function of protein maturation, post-translational modification, and provides support to ribosome and protein transport. Mitochondria possess size ranging from 0.5 micrometers (0.00005 in) to 1 micrometer (0.0001 in) in length. It cannot be viewed under an ordinary microscope due to its limitation in resolving power.

In 1956, while searching through a collection of fossils at the American Museum of Natural History, I came across a small piece of forehead bone, identified as a "possible primate," that had lain neglected for half a century.

From the dissertation it is clear that there have been 3 major surveys conducted in Britain and Ireland that have measured the breeding populations of great black backed, lesser black backed and herring gulls. By analysis of the differences in the numbers observed in these three surveys, it is possible to show variation in population trends.

It is necessary to establish a normal uterine blood flow so as to ensure the development of a successful embryo. Around the world, many couples experience difficulty conceiving a child. As a result of the continual expansion of the assisted reproductive technologies (ART), people have learned to accept the practice of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), gestational surrogacy, the zygote intrafallopian transfer, the gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), oocyte, and embryo donation, gestational surrogacy, and cryopreservation (Zegers-Hochschild et al., 2009).

The importance of this proposal is to illuminate race as a possible factor and show that the growing problem of domestic abuse and other sociological factors are crucial in identifying potential, abusers, therefore, ruling out race as a factor to be considered. The ethnicity or race of an individual may or may not have an effect on their propensity.

As the name implies, carbohydrates are carbon hydrates, that is, they are formed from the union of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. They are commonly taken from cereals, root crops, sugar crops, pulses, vegetables, fruit and milk products (Canadian Sugar Institute, 1997).

This research will begin with the statement that the nervous system is composed of nerve cells or neurons.  These are responsive cells in the nervous system that process and transmit information by electrochemical signaling. They are the core components of the brain, the spinal cord, and the peripheral nerves.

The author states that that pure photosynthesis is the major source of energy for Euglena. Interestingly, Euglena with a mix of two sources of energy i.e. rice and light failed to register the growth expected of it. The growth pattern also indicates that light as a source of energy materialized in steady growth rates.

Traditionally, the Linnean system, devised by Carl von Linné in the mid-1700s has been used undisputedly for the past two centuries. This taxonomic system involved the organization of species in a hierarchical manner, usually based on similarities in how they look and their behavioral traits, which mostly expressed evolutionary relationships.

Anaphylaxis is a dramatic and frightening disease condition that is considered to be a manifestation of severe systemic allergic condition. The know-how of the treatment techniques and ability to deliver a speedy treatment for this condition is crucial in its outcome, in one end of the spectrum recovery, the other end death.