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Based on the research conducted by the British Psychological Society in the year 1999, ‘dyslexia’ is explained as a cognitive disorder, which is associated with speech and reading. This particular disorder is found to be quite common amid children. Apparently noted, there exist various types of dyslexia including ‘auditory’, ‘trauma’, ‘visual’, and ‘primary’ dyslexia.
Neurocognitive and neurodevelopmental are the two broad categories of brain-damaging illnesses. The impairment of brain growth or the central nervous system causes neurodevelopmental disorders. In common terms, it is the limited brain function that impacts learning and other developmental areas of the brain. Autism is one of the basic developmental disorders.
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The process of encoding enables one to receive information coming from the outside world through the senses for the perceived stimuli. Therefore, the first stage involves changing of information to subject the memory to the process of encoding. The second stage that is memory storage entails maintaining information for a certain period
The theory has both strengths and weaknesses which must be addressed to establish how it can be used to define beauty and how it is perceived. Patterns and objects which are familiar to a person are easy to process and therefore processing their beauty and aesthetic value is easier since the brain has already internalized the patterns of the object.
Animal models play a critical role in biomedical research since they facilitate research on psychiatric disorders and the development of anxiolytic drugs. Belzung & Lemoine (2011) asserts that animal models allow for hypothesis testing and understanding the effects of genetic mutations and interactions between the environment and genes.
Moreover, they are often open to new experience as it constitutes the peculiarity of their age, and drugs become a serious temptation. If adults can easily become addicted to substances, for teenagers this process does not take a lot of time as well. However, due to lack of experience, and inability to resists social pressure teenagers often become easy victims.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) offers a criterion and uniform way of classifying mental disorders. As a standard clinical reference, this classification system has far-ranging uses and applicability. In most instances, clinicians refer to the document when diagnosing patients with possible cognitive problems.
From the situation presented, the casino has a poor retention system. Over the years, numerous employees have left the institution and sought other employment alternatives. In an argument by Murray (2009) employee retention refers to the ability of an organization to keep their human resources.
Examining and explaining their own behavior, reactions and some habits may be useful not only for everyone as for an individual but also for finding a common language with others. The concept of “personality” is very complex that is why it requires complex studying to have a chance to make the right conclusion.
OCD has specific thinking patterns that prevent them from coping with these problems in a normal way. This leads to acquiring a number of repetitive rituals. OCD cases can be characterized by either obsessions or compulsions. People with OCD most typically have fear of contamination; strange rituals like checking the lock for several times or can suffer from obsessive sexual fantasies.
Mary Calkins made numerous contributions to the field of psychology and laid a solid foundation that later psychologists relied on as the field grew. Despite the challenges faced by women during her times, she relentlessly went on to set her goals, achieving them and fighting for the voiceless women’s rights.
Each individual acts and reacts very uniquely to events in life because the personality affects his behaviors. Personality is a complex phenomenon and many psychologies try to explain it though there always appear debates. Since personality is not a stable concept, there are many theories of its development each telling about the stages the person has to pass to achieve completeness.
The results of the research showed that most often people with non-traditional orientation become victims of physical, emotional, and sexual abuse which continues during their whole lives. Women, especially bisexual and homosexual women have higher chances to be victimized and receive traumatic experience while men are exposed to lifetime abuse and discrimination.
The experience received in the studies of cases of sexual deviance changed the opinions of different people in relation to this problem. However, it is impossible to predict and eliminate all kinds of paraphilia. Consequently, the only way for modern society is just to accept it as a social phenomenon. The cases of sexual deviance can be predicted by means of limitations.
The debate over whether there exist real developmental differences between adopted and non-adopted adolescents is increasingly become controversial, with different studies emerging that show that there are some developmental problems associated with adopted children. However, further studies that have been undertaken have produced mixed results.
The assessment as noted earlier can be done through interviews where individuals are required to answer some questions, test-taking, undertaking intelligence testing, and doing the test in other areas such as the attention of individuals, sensory perception, problem-solving skills, motor functioning, and language among other areas.
Various studies have identified the crucial impact of domestic violence on children. However, a study would be helpful to identify the real issues behind it. Therefore, the proposed study aims to explore the impact of domestic violence on children with help of various research articles, journals, books, and online resources.
The utilization of maternal and child healthcare among married adolescent women has been the center of discussion in most forums. Research has therefore continued to make recommendations that can help remedy the situation. The outcome of the research has been written in research articles that must have a predefined format.
Psychoanalysis and cognitive therapy are the most common therapeutic approaches to mental disorders. Cognitive therapy comprises of unique categories of emotional interventions based on human behavioral models, emotion, and cognition. During cognitive treatments, both therapists and patients mainly concentrate on the present situation.
A practicing psychotherapist learns that clients request for assistance from them because they desire to change. This can be done by adding force, which involves suggesting various ways that can be followed by the clients. Reducing force is whereby the clients are allowed to come up with answers. Psychotherapists must ensure that clients do not need them anymore.
Looking into the future the author can say that American women will be free from their children’s bonds and will enjoy their career success. There is nothing better than presenting yourself as a respectable, self-confident and purposeful personality, therefore he would recommend every woman to value herself and go ahead without any fear or doubt.
Humanism psychology is used to study the person as a whole. Humanistic psychologists observe human behavior as the people are doing them. According to Carl Rogers, the goal of person-centered therapy is to assist people to realize themselves by improving their attitudes, behaviors, and well-being.
For instance, when the hair on the arms is bent by compression, the neuron propels an impulse to the brain. Secondly, on the parts of the skin with no hair, such as tips of the fingers, a receptor termed as the Pacinian corpuscle is responsible for sensing any physical pressure that is applied to the skin.
Therefore, according to psychologists, personality is the organized but dynamic set of characteristics that an individual has and it influences their behavioral science, environment, motivations, cognitions, and emotions uniquely. Belief systems will shape and organize an individual’s strivings and goals and their construal and reaction to the environment.
The fMRI study identified how nonlinguistic cues alter lexical establishment in the bilingual mind. DDDD examined the influence of the face competition on bilingual speech production in a photograph naming pattern. The Chinese-English bilinguals were offered with pictures of images and objects of faces participants named the picture.
Basically, school counseling incorporates various players who play a part in the development of a child (Santrock, 2012). For instance, it involves partnering with communities and administrators, collaboration with teachers and parents so as to enhance the future success of children through guidance, leadership, advocacy, and counseling.
Top-down processing does not require that information should have originated from a high-level process. Top-down processing utilizes an approach that gathers information at low levels, interprets it at a higher level, and brings it back to perceive low-level processes. The top-down benefits outdo the disadvantages as shown by numerous studies.
All these can be linked to issues of decision-making and problem-solving amongst the adolescent (Rivers et al., 2008). It is, however, true that as we grow up we all experience adolescence. We all go through the fight for independence from our family members particularly the parents, the unique exploration of self-identity the need for our peer approval.
It is also going to assess social issues like divorce and treating children as confidants and how they influence infants' and adolescents' behavior. Generally, teens raised by authoritative parents display high levels of responsibility, self-confidence, curiosity, flexibility, creativity, and higher levels of social and academic skills compared to other teens.
A teenager might exhibit seemingly different traits from the time of childhood, but this is not an indication of a total personality trait. As the person grows up, the various stages will cause some changes in their personality traits, but a complete overhaul of the personality. Therefore, one can conclude that during the lifespan of humans, significant changes will be evident.
Dr. Sheldon Cooper is a character in CBS TV show Big Bang Theory. Cooper has a personality disorder and finds it hard to interact with other people. The character of Dr. Cooper is a good one to look at because it holds a number of important factors. To begin with, his psychological disorder is one of the most misunderstood ones.
It is clear that the exertion of everyday creative activities depends upon openness to experiences and creative potential. Turning creative activities into actual achievements, in contrast, depends on intelligence. All theories should be put together in order to give a clear picture of the relationship that is between intelligence and creativity.
At some point in life, most people feel vulnerable and unable to bear painful cognitive activity and self-awareness. Life ordeals, failures, physical and emotional pain, problems in relationships can either give people valuable experience or make them psychologically unstable. Though some manage to live through this state with help of different mechanisms others may feel trapped.
Psychology is a very sensitive subject, one which allows the direct study of human thoughts, motives and reactions. Being a topic so sensitive, it needs certain guidelines to be followed for the safekeeping of the client and service provider. The clients in most cases are vulnerable humans who are often trapped in very complicated sensitive issues.
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It is clear that victims of abuse have a likely hood of being violent or indulge in criminal activities later in life compared to those who have not been involved in violence. It is also worth noting that domestic abuse as a result of poor parenting or divorces has different effects on young girls and boys.
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Research involves systematically investigating an issue in relation to the new or existing knowledge with the aim of developing a new theory, support an existing theory, solve an existing or new problem, reaffirm or confirm results previously got or even to confirm or establish the fact (Weber, 1949, p. 17).
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In psychology, the nature versus nurture debate has mainly dwelt on the degree to which certain dimensions of behavior are a result of genetic (inherited) or learned (acquired) attributes. According to Bisanz et al. (2017), nature consists of attributes or aspects of life that influence genetic inheritance or any associated biological factors.
This assignment also takes one element of the theories or ideas presented and applies it to a real person – for example, someone from current events, politics, business, sports, the entertainment field. It defines the terms used and applies them to an aspect of this person’s life (a specific action, behavior, or decision, for example).
This assignment also discusses the case of Oprah Winfrey. Long before in our society, women were regarded as unequal to men. In fact, men were considered more intellectual and powerful than women. The real proofs were evident in the society dominated by men. In politics, men substantially occupied almost all the positions with corresponding high authority such as the head of the State.
There have been rampant abuses of psychological testing with different groups based on their ethnicity, race, gender, culture and language within the profession. There are ethical concerns that have been expressed in relation to causing harm to the people being tested due to poor application of these tests and subsequent interpretation of their results.
The program to rehabilitate an individual with such a disorder requires considerable duration. Essentially, the rehabilitation tends to change the factors that trigger the disorder in the victim. FBA’s application is exceedingly rampant in elementary schools where teachers utilize the program to counter behavioral order among students.
Believing in self-strength and building confidence depends not only on the family atmosphere and level of education and understanding of the parents but also on the supporting environment. If the feeling of belongingness and being accepted with respect could be worked out, mental illness would no longer prevail or individuals will display an inclination for substance abuse.
Schools are a very crucial aspect of providing assistance to a child whose parents are deployed. According to a National Military Family Association publication, over seventy percent of military families live off base (Canon). As such, they are an integral part of local communities and should be appreciated and supported.
DiClemente and Prochaska (1988, as cited in Bouis et al., 2007) proposed the transtheoretical model, which is based on the premise that there are different phases of readiness for behavioral change. Researchers consider readiness to change as a motivational state influenced by environmental, cognitive, affective, and interpersonal events.
A survey of the large cities by the US conference of mayors found that domestic violence was the primary cause of homelessness among women” (Roberts, 2002, p.16). Women often leave their homes when they have some kind of disputes with their husbands. It is difficult for women who were abused by their husbands to stay home
Cognitive understanding deals with the thoughts of the individual and hence directly influences the behavior of the individual. In cases where the normal psychology of the individual is disturbed, the personality is altered, and hence the self-esteem, and the ego is also modified culminating in the development of abnormal psychology which requires appropriate psychoanalysis.
Like an anxious person, depression causes one to get brain fog. A depressed person has difficulties in thinking straight and making rational decisions. Moreover, it is difficult for one to concentrate in class or follow a discussion. Depressed persons also get repetitive thoughts where go over one thought over and over again in their mind.
The therapy has both advantages and disadvantages. One of the advantages of therapy is that it feels good to the patient. The therapeutic relationship formed offers a new type of relationship for the patient, and creates a platform for personal discovery and growth. On the other hand, therapy is not based on scientific concepts.
Sigmund Freud proposed theories focused on the importance of events and experiences during childhood and mental disorders. Freud describes that the early experiences of a child play a great role in the development of a child’s personality and this influences a child’s behavior in every aspect of life.
It is not helpful to view the thoughts and feelings of others as manifestations of illness. Viewing the thoughts and feelings of others to detect illness unfairly labels individuals based on these thoughts and feelings. In the end, these thoughts and feelings cease to be simple emotions, instead, they become means of detecting illness.