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The author states that to formulate Freud’s theories and demonstrate their effectiveness, it was necessary for Freud to think ‘outside the box’ of his contemporaries, to employ the various stages of creative thinking in order to change the way in which most doctors viewed the appropriate treatment of their mentally disturbed patients.
The author states that in global commerce, the closest one can come to a simple definition is that functionalism is a modification of the Marxist philosophy. Marx expected the ruling class to be replaced by the working class and government to wither, while the functionalist view shows it inextricably intertwined with international trade.
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The author states that one of the challenges that confront human existence is the quest for a condition that will perpetuate and enhance human life. This challenge is continuously addressed on the supposition that “a human being can maintain his existence only when he has placed himself under, particularly favorable conditions.
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In the late 1800s, a philosopher and mathematician by the name of Edward Husserl (1859-1938) developed a philosophical approach known today as Phenomenology, which re-introduced the concept of subjectivity into the consideration of individual development. Husserl felt it would be especially useful as an initial inquiry to identify the major objectives of further study.
According to Hebrew Scriptures, God is One and He is the creator of this universe. He existed before all his creation and created heaven and earth from nothing. Therefore, Jehovah the Hebrew God is all-powerful and omniscient. He is timeless and exists through his creations everywhere. He is immortal and has sovereign power over all his creation.
The author states that the main characteristic of Plato’s work was the use of ‘forms’ which were the ‘vehicle’ for the ‘exit’ of knowledge to the real world by the representation of ‘intangible’ aspects. The importance of forms for Plato’s work is very significant. His work can be even misunderstood or interpreted on a wrong theoretical basis.
I agree with Rousseau that our outer senses are poor equipment for unraveling moral truths. Yet, while emphasizing the validity of feelings that arise from the heart, he fails to distinguish between those feelings which comprise conscience and the rest which are mere prejudice. This weakens his argument and leaves it incomplete.
To keep the breed of the guardians pure, certain nurses were to bring up the offspring of good parents, but inferior offspring would be put away in a mysterious unknown place. For the purpose of population control, women could bear children from the age of 20 to 40, and men from 25 to 55. The guardians were to have wives and children in common.
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It is quite possible that this various philosophy of humanity does continue to be made by human kinds' own interactions among each other and the environment, but it is best not forget that it initially developed through our creation and expanded from there, as again has been depicted in the literature.
Because utopia is the best humanity can conceptualize, utopia has to be humanity's regulatory philosophy. This definitive philosophy of motivation for the paramount life thinkable for the whole world can be one conventional component of common sense and central purpose in or else multifarious and disjointed world.
Currently, the world has become globalized, and the idea of cosmopolitanism cannot ignore the impulse to merge, cooperate and progress socially, politically and economically as a single unit. Humanity has commonalities, which are fundamental, and we have no option but to contain for the progress of the universe for the current generation and the coming generations.
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Morals are defined as principles concerning the differentiation between wrong and right or good behavior and bad behavior (Galens 20). It is the distinction between the right actions and wrong ones. Morals deal with peoples’ behaviors as well as their motives. These involve a particular system of principles and values of conduct, particularly ones held by a specified society or individuals.
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In a more simple and narrow sense, aesthetics can be defined as the theory of beauty in relation to the philosophy of art. However, in a broader definition, aesthetics is a branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of art, taste, and beauty. The Oxford English Dictionary associates aesthetics with the appreciation of beauty.
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Classical theory has the bragging rights of having all the great orators in the world who influenced masses through the use of the theory. By attracting big masses the leaders must have used classical theory. Theorists say that Jesus and even Buddha though they taught on a religious platform they used a persuasion element in their teachings.
Southey points out that Owen’s reforms succeed only because they are executed in a carefully controlled environment. He compares New Lanark to a cotton plantation, categorically stating that the mill workers, although they are white, “are as much under his (Owen’s) absolute management as so many negro-slaves”.
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The author states that in the second plate, Blake writes, “Without Contraries is no progression. Attraction and Repulsion, Reason and Energy, Love and Hate, are necessary to Human Existence”. In fact, Blake clearly concludes in the text that “Good is the passive that obeys Reason Evil is the active springing from Energy”.
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The term Master is used for Confucius as well as other disciples of Confucius who garnered a league of his own followers who fondly referred to him as Master. The dialogues between these Masters and their disciples provide a glimpse of the events that took place in their lives as well as post their demise.
Death and mortality have always haunted him and egged him on to find the elixir of life to be immortal. These concerns have also forced him to look for those powers that may enable him to overpower the forces around him. To this end his imagination has helped him coin the possibility of such magical or powerful things that may empower him to be the controller of everything around him.
Confucius’ views make it clear to one that mindless rebellion is not desirable as a kind of stability in an individual and the society is necessary for order. To prevent society from disintegrating into anarchy, one must remember what Confucius says about the individual in relation to his society. This is relevant in society where all kinds of confusion exist regarding the roles of individuals.
The reason is superior to religion in explaining the world, considering the fact that religion is based on the application of relevant authority to reinforce a position (Peterson, 63). Thus, any religious believer will have selective authority from the scripture or other religious and sacred texts, which reinforces what the individual believes in.
Cruelty, we see, therefore, has evolved over time and across space in its meaning and implications. Different cultures, different schools of thought, different events around the world have caused newer dimensions of the term to be raised and debated upon. From its more limited Latin etymological origins, ‘cruelty’ and what it entails has been examined time and again to yield newer meaning.
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Nick is one of the characters who are associated with fear on various occasions; a reader can appreciate the response of Nick to the harsh reality of fear in various roles he has played In Our Time. In his narration, Hemingway demonstrates that he admires individuals that face fear with courage and do not accept defeat in the light of fear.
Radicals argue that the processes that the society has established cannot effectively deal with inequality and injustice hence influencing them to devise their own radical approaches to tackle the perceived vices. “When the systems in which we live are in crisis, the most honest confrontations with those systems have to be radical”.
We should not forget about the places and people around us because they will be definitely perpetuated in memory. For example, there are parents with whom you have a kind of a spiritual connection. They are the first people who teach you how to define good and bad things, a mother is a person who always gives love and care and never asks something instead.
Plato did his best to stand for what he believed in, the same way that I fight for what I think is morally correct. He fought for the truth, knowing in his heart that it will one day prevail, that goodness will continually overpower evil. Plato, indeed, is an inspiration that will forever make the human race realize that it is not enough that you believe.
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It is evident that the society should reduce the level of commercialization and consider the need for not buying everything but consider their value. Families, friends, trust, love and one's rights as a human being cannot be bought because it is against society’s ethical values. As we have seen, Sandel is more concerned about the social values of individuals.
Finally, the consideration of the ethical and practical side of this case makes an employee think about, who from the participants of the developed situation is actually suffered. It is important that this consideration allowed to make ethically and practically accepted decisions, without excluding the important cost issue.
Generally speaking, through the meditations included in “Meditations on First Philosophy,” Descartes presents his logical sequence leading to the idea that since God exists, all knowledge must come from him and therefore, whether we are dreaming or awake, our perceptions of our reality must be real.
The kingdom of ends is a hypothetical state of man derived from the categorical imperative. Rational beings are defined as beings who are capable of moral deliberation; they can choose to act by maxims that have universality. It is from this point of view that they must judge themselves and their actions.
The definition of philosophy does not do justice to what it is all about and it is no wrong to say that in fact there is no a precise definition to it. There is one way to look at it and that is through the eyes of the philosophers themselves. Yet another way to look at it is the various perceptions attach to it in our daily use of language.
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Thomas Paine and William Godwin were both famous figures and thinkers who represented the zeitgeist of their times in significant ways. Like many other writers and philosophers of their time, they were deeply affected by the French and American Revolution and had first-hand experience of the spirit of revolution on the negative as well as the positive side.
Aristotle believed reality has a set of series known as a graded series of realities, each and every step in the series enlightening more and more those common relationships which make it an object of accurate knowledge. At the closing stages of the series, he said, the objects present no longer relative, but absolute.
Realism is a term that is often used in relation to power politics. It is additionally a perception that global politics is usually driven by the competitive self-interests of the participating member countries. Liberalism, on the other hand, is a belief among the ruling classes that greatly emphasizes on the significance of their people's liberty.
Specific deterrence is measured through the tool of recidivism rates, these rates refer to the number of crimes committed by one single criminal (Johnstone, 2010, p.60). General deterrence refers to the event in which punishment given to on individual deters others from committing crimes (Ahmed, 2001, p.31).
As a result, several theories have been put forth by many philosophers to try to come up with a standard solution to the named problem. Each of the theories ‘emphasizes different aspects of an ethical dilemma and leads to the most ethically correct solution according to the guidelines within the ethical theory itself’.
Even as Saint Augustine greatly influenced the Protestant movement that would one day become the dominant mode of Christianity in the Western hemisphere, his ideas on will and original sin were at the time revolutionary formulations. His understanding of humanity as influenced by forces of reason sometimes out of their control anticipates Freud and later developments in unconscious impulses.
The concept of the Yin and Yang serve to nurture and develop a love for nature as well as the harmonizing factor in their lives. The concept of eating the right foods during the different stages of one's lives and breathing in the right manner helps to keep their bodies and minds in a well-balanced condition.
Consider a philanthropist who works as a financial trader. It is purely true that that individual can cause a global financial crisis hence affect the poor people negatively. This could not be intended harm on the poor, as their intention is to make money and donate towards their philanthropic activities among the poor.
The data presented are some of the contributions of Buddhism in Chinese culture. Some impacts may be considered negative while some are advantageous. The most important point in the study is that the Chinese people were able to achieve a level of uniqueness in terms of culture that can be segregated from that of the influences.
He is best known for his “falsificationism” theory which calls for the constant and never-ending subjection of a theory to a refutation test on the premise that a theory can never be certain to be 100% true. Kuhn, on the other hand, started as a physicist, having earned his degree in Harvard with a summa cum laude and ended writing The Structures of Scientific Revolutions in 1962.
Jean Gebser was born in the year 1905 in Posen, Germany and is most famous for his works in the field of human consciousness. He was a poet and a linguist as well. He left his native land in the year 1929 so that he could resist the urge to fight with the fascists. He moved on towards Italy and then later on in France.
Traditional Chinese philosophies are gaining popularity in the Western hemisphere for a variety of reasons. In the medical world, researchers are realizing more and more that the human body operates as an interconnected system rather than connected yet separate cooperation between the mind and the body.
It is no surprise that are different beliefs, different theories, and individuals involved in it, some having beliefs conflicting that of others. The theory of immortality, afterlife and the soul are often the subjects that are most debated and viewed from different angles. Socrates had a theory on the immortality of the soul and divided his argument into four clear parts.
Rousseau agrees with most of Hobbes ideas but expands the argument concerning the social contract by suggesting that governments have to be legitimate in order to be accepted as rightful authorities. Between the two it seems that Rousseau is the historical winner since more states moved towards establishing democracies than kingdoms over the past years.
The exact onset of consciousness in a fetus is a matter of controversy (Benatar & Benatar, 2001): hence the morality of abortion cannot be unequivocally established on grounds of the cognitive abilities of an unborn child in the womb. The fact that a fetus less than 10 weeks old has no sensations does not necessarily mean that abortion can be justified.
Shallow environmentalists argue on the need to protect the environment if this will serve humanity or will be for the advantage of human beings. Deep ecology on the other side argues that the environment should be protected as a whole and independent entity. It should be protected for its benefit to human or non-human existence.
Locke’s description of human nature differs from that of Machiavelli’s and Hobbes’. He states that everyone is equal in the society because. He states “no-one being subjected to or subordinate to anyone else unless God….were to declare …that someone person be raised above the others and given an undoubted right to dominion and sovereignty”.
Different philosophers expressed different views on assisted suicide. It is illogical to consider only the arguments of only some of them while deciding about assisted suicide. Most of the philosophical principles were formulated during ancient times. These principles need modifications in the modern era.
A worldview is one’s presuppositions or the way one interprets life in order to come up with decisions. They enable the person to come up with values that determine his lifestyle in the future. This comes in many varieties and this explains why at the end of the day people in society can never be the same but similar in actions and character
Death is the foundation upon which political systems have been built, the fear of death pulling populations together to form protections against threats against life. Hobbes defined the concept of the fear of death through passion while attributing the preservation of life through reason.