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An individual can be ethical without being overtly religious, but the religious stage must include the ethical stage within its fold. As a person lives in the ethical stage, he has relationships with the community and his family members, while being committed to ethical values and an ethical absolute.
The concept of “Noble lie” originates from the implication of “noble falsehood” as described in the Republic of Plato. A ruler could use this falsehood or a fictional narration, which could motivate people of his state to participate in a battle voluntarily. People could be persuaded to believe this story as many poets claimed. First, the rulers and soldiers should be convinced that their education and experiences were simply a dream.
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Understanding the debates between humanists and others in the Renaissance, such as Petrarch and Salutati, gives a different meaning and definition toward the value of human life and the way in which one can live an active lifestyle. Salutati and Petrarch combined beliefs of Christian morality with pagan rhetoric.
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Plato’s works span an enormous array of subjects. Indeed, his writings through the Platonic dialogues constitute some of the foundational elements of the Western philosophic tradition. Plato’s Apology considers Socrates' trial in front of the Greek lawmakers who have accused him of undermining the Athenian youth through teaching them his wisdom.
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Plato and his writings through the Platonic Dialogues constitute some of the foundational elements of the Western philosophic tradition. His works span an enormous array of subjects. Plato’s Apology considers Socrates' trial in front of the Greek lawmakers. Socrates had been brought to trial by an individual named Meletus who had accused him of corrupting the Athenian youth.
The utilitarian principle argues in favor of the thought of bringing out the maximum happiness and thus following the rule, this unethical practice would be considered to be correct considering the fact that the result of this experiment was beneficial and was leading to the process of maximizing happiness (Schaefer 2004; Mills 1867).
The slave narrative was a popular literary genre in previous centuries, and Frederick Douglass’ slave narratives were one of the most famous and widely read. Douglass, made a slave against his will, does not fall back on bitterness: he uses every opportunity available to make himself a better person, striving for the most important thing to him, freedom.
But it was the religious ethics of Christianity itself that brought to light the atrocities committed on indigenous people by the Columbian voyagers to the attention of the world (Symcox and Sullivan, 46-47). Priests like Las Casas recorded that brutal history and raised their voices against them (Symcox and Sullivan, 46-47).
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He was the person who spearheaded the ressourcement / the renewal movement, and the new theology movement. These movements brought about a great change in the Catholic world and led ultimately to the Second Vatican Council that commenced in 1962.
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The author provides a brief description of the Forbidden City as a whole. Its name derives from the fact that, when the emperors ruled, it was off limits to all except those who have been specifically summoned to the imperial presence. Those who attempted to contravene this law could expect no less punishment than death.
Bertrand Russell rightly said in 1917 that mathematics may be defined as the subject in which we never know what we are talking about, or whether what we are saying is true. This clearly demonstrates the fact that doubt is the basis of knowledge when it comes to the area of ever-expanding mathematics. Mathematics poses as a very special and unique area of knowledge.
It is essential to state that thousands of years ago Epicurus wrote, “There never was such a thing as absolute justice, but only agreements made ... providing against the infliction or suffering of harm.” These agreements, this social contract, is a principle concept in philosophical and political debate.
One common misconception is that Buddha is a God. This is incorrect because Buddhists do not concern themselves with God or Gods but in Dharma, truth and reality. Another common misconception is that all Buddhists are vegetarian. This is incorrect because some Buddhists chose to be vegetarian to follow the first precept better.
Therefore for free will to exist there is the need to have a variety of alternatives. There has been a wide debate on what actually ‘free will’ is and whether people actually have it. The debate has many twists whereby well-renowned philosophers engaged themselves in trying to uncover certain aspects related to ‘free will’ (Benjamin 551-64).
Socrates was given an option: either to die or to live the rest of his life in exile or prison. However, Socrates chose the former. The reason for his choice emphasizes the importance that he placed on the quality of life and the need to think logically and critically. The unexamined life does not constitute enough logic.
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The author states that the forms of sensible intuition, space and time, organize appearances inexperience to a certain extent, but this is not enough. The intuited manifold still needs to be connected and put together. This is the job of synthesis, which is the main act of the understanding of the unity of apperception.
In conclusion, it’s clear that Confucianism is a complex Philosophical System with religious elements. The principal points of Confucian philosophy center on striving for perfection individually, within the family, within the larger society, and in government. These were so-called moral values relating to the state of man.
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The conclusion states that although Hobbes’ observation about the violent and brutish way of human beings might at times be true, Satyagrahis like Gandhi and King showed that humanity’s most basic impulses can be overcome with a higher consciousness for what is good and just.
Machiavelli’s discussion in The Prince points out one of the more impactful ideas that he had. He believes that the end justifies the means. According to Machiavelli, for princes and rulers to win power struggles, they must be seasoned in the game of politics. These rulers would find it hard to win if they stick to the high demands of morality.
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The author states that many scholars have undertaken the study of Modern Greek tenses. For example, they have studied its typology and representations, in comparative contexts with other tense systems, and changes in relation to Ancient Greek grammar. Many biblical scholars have also studied Greek grammar.
Nietzsche criticized the philosophers for coming up with hollow theories that were not backed by observation but by mere assumptions. He hoped that the philosophers of the future will be characterized by an experimental method; they would have a hypothesis and will follow the conclusion with sound arguments and justifications.
Malcolm X and Gandhi lived in violent times and the people who they represented lived under oppression, Gandhi was a pacifist, whereas Malcolm X was an outright activist. Both challenged a racially different group to improve the lives of their own people but whereas Gandhi desired nonviolence and cordial relations, Malcolm X advocated open racism.
The author states that existentialist thinkers concentrate on the issue of real and physical human existence rather than imagining the “human essence”. They assert that the preferences and choices in life are the determinants of “human essence”. Despite prioritizing the concrete human existence, existentialism renders some conditions as “endemic” to it.
Although William of Ockham greatly differed from the Catholic Church on a number of significant issues, he nevertheless embraced the understanding of faith that underlined the Christian religion. While contemporary Christian thought embraces the faith as this central concern, during Ockham’s time it was still a relatively marginal concept.
The government would be responsible to resolve mutual quarrels among human beings provision of bare essentials of life. Fame and glory would, thus, be achieved and people would live happily under one sovereign with peaceful coexistence allowing commonwealth to prosper and progress with astounding rapidity.
Ideas of wisdom in Plato are also influenced by the theory of recollection. Socrates said that wisdom is a recognition that one knows nothing because he was not very interested in how, but more in why. Socrates was less interested in finding out how things worked than he was in finding out why things worked.
Europe didn’t find itself in a very tranquil and stable political state. Therefore, the creation of such and Empire promised to bring certain hegemony in the area that would unite the people and organize them, in some way or another. At the same time, the Holy Roman Empire is considered to be the counterpart of the Catholic Church.
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As the text has it, there are still more diseases that crop up and have escaped healing: Diabetes, Heart disease, Parkinson's disease, Lou Gehrigs’ disease, Alzheimers’ disease, among others. A promising avenue for research that might lead to possible cures is the controversial Stem Cell Research.
Plato has defined philosophers as lovers of wisdom. According to Plato, only philosophers can be the best rulers (The Philosopher King 153) as they can eliminate all evils from society. Plato’s claim has no practical applicability. His idea of a utopian state and a philosopher-king is only a theoretical proposition.
According to Kukathas (2003), political liberalism is a modification to John Rawls's theory of justice. He attempted to show that his theory of justice is not the all-inclusive origin of the good. Instead, compatible with a liberal origin of the role of justice that the government should be neutral between competing conceptions of good.
The short and common phrase “is this real?” is the defining part of a person’s life. Logically man would also ask what is real. Part of this entire line of questioning is whether reality is something shared or communally binds each and every member of society or is it specific only to a given individual?
When reading both Doyle and Dillard, the understanding of realities becomes apparent. In one, the definition of reality is one that is defined by the dreams that turn into reality, similar to the burning of a moth in the light. In Doyle, the reality is defined by understanding the true and deeper meanings of words and creating memories and associations with this while living life.
It would not be rational to state that all of Africa is economically or technologically backward. In fact, there are some extremely rich parts of Africa that have indulged in the trade of gold and diamond with the Europeans, but the benefits gained in compensation for the export of natural resources are not evenly distributed among all of the Africans.
Kierkegaard did propose some significant theories to explain the development of personality, and also suggested that humans can, by looking inward and evaluating their own lives and thoughts, live full and valuable lives. Certainly, he also provides some valuable food for thought to improve the current state of the world and the choices facing humanity.
Every human being has faced situations in life when decisions become difficult and ethical dilemmas haunt a person. Kierkegaard discusses an either/or situation but when the decision is between truth and righteousness, on one side, and lust and passions, on the other, the choice is not difficult. At least, it should not be difficult to make and the choice has to be right.
There is so much wonder and strangeness in the world that it is actually quite difficult to do what he did: reduce it all to ash. If he could see how the world is designed for us to live in and enjoy, he would have changed his mind. If he could just look at the beauty around him and stop worrying about his own problems he would have felt better.
As the text has it, over the course of Plato’s career his works span an enormous array of subjects. While the ideas in his early works are greatly attributed to Socrates, who was Plato’s teacher and mentor, his middle works, notably the Republic are regarded by scholars as Plato’s own philosophy.
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You do not lie, cheat, or steal. These are the building blocks of any ethnic or value system but life does not deal with absolutes. There will always be exceptions to the rules thus values will constantly evolve. I believe the ground rules of ethics are the moral principles and values that are set or established by our society as a whole.
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The connection between Plato’s cave and the world introduced at the opening of McCarthy’s novel is almost impossible to miss. It is described as “nights dark beyond darkness and the days greyer each one than what had gone before. Like the onset of some cold glaucoma dimming away the world”. (McCarthy 3).
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Throughout the paper, there are also various explanations that describe how Berkeley developed his Phenomenalism out of the weaknesses of the epistemological theories of the Rationalists like Rene Descartes and even his fellow Empiricist John Locke. Lastly, this paper exposes the weaknesses of Berkeley’s Phenomenalism as viewed by certain critics.
The ‘Enlightenment’ period marks the transition from state-building interests promulgated by mere manifest destiny, toward a new world of production in all aspects of life; and especially the market production of goods and services for the satisfaction of human needs according to individual and social norms.
However, the foreclosed property floors haven't been maintained. The neglect that the foreclosed home has undergone has left the floors in need of maintenance. This is also happening to the family bond. The breakdown in communication has brought the family structure to need repairing. The increasing demands on the family.
It is no surprise that are different beliefs, different theories, and individuals involved in it, some having beliefs conflicting that of others. The theory of immortality, afterlife and the soul are often the subjects that are most debated and viewed from different angles. Socrates had a theory on the immortality of the soul and divided his argument into four clear parts.
The main area of emphasis in this paper is categorical imperative. This paper is divided into four sections including this introduction. In the second section, a discussion of hypothetical and categorical imperatives is undertaken in the light of some critical perspectives available.
Kantian notions of a sense of autonomy and purpose in life achieved through freeing one’s minds of immaturity have spawned a whole host of questions. Immanuel Kant was one of the leading thinkers of the Enlightenment Era and his ideas regarding humans and our role in society have contributed to our understanding of our place in the world.
Many of us live our lives without actually wondering why we are here – yet it is a question that often pops up in the dark hours of the night, or often during a hopeless moment. On the other hand, others would say yes, if I am here there must be a meaning to my life, but without actually pressing forward to question exactly what that reason may be.
There is no one best style of leadership. A style for one situation may fail in another situation. In determining leadership styles and models, various variables have to be studied and analyzed: role assumed by the leader, distance of leader to the group being led, knowledge and control of resources, nature of the task, the motivation of worker.
The author states that Marx’s “Difference Between the Democritean and Epicurean Philosophy of Nature” is his first complete work and his doctoral thesis. Yet at the same time, when Marx submitted the work to the press for publication, Marx declared his work to be unfinished. Marx argued that he had solved an important problem.
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The evolution of the metaphysics can be traced back to the days of Aristotle. Aristotle was the one to have introduced this branch of study in the philosophy. The main subject matter of the metaphysics is the existence of God. Aristotle also defines the subject matter of metaphysics as the study of the being or the “qua being”.
The person feels that the new leadership model gives young adults a framework to add significance in their youth age, so they can feel inspired, spiritually fed, and can exercise leadership skills. The person believes that there is a great chance for our young leaders to create a world, that people are all looking for.