Biology Essays

Biodiversity provides sources of food, medicine and a source of raw materials for industries. Biodiversity, also, forms the bulk of the source of revenue for most countries globally through acts of tourism. In light of this, it is evident that biodiversity is utilized widely by human beings as a mode of survival on planet earth. 

Diagnosis and treatment via diagnosis of PCVAD, which is pegged on demonstration and clinical signs of PCV2 antigen in organ systems. To prevent prevalence, vaccination, quarantine, disinfection, monitoring, cleanliness are necessary, however, when the clinical signs appear, veterinary intervention is mandatory to avoid proliferation and severe pathogenesis.

We will segregate the compartment of fruit. Below is a list of materials required to start up the experiment: 1-10 milliliter calibrated cylinder 2-100 milliliter Beakers 1 resealable bag 1 elastic strap (should be large and contain liquid) Standing test tube ligneous mixing rod fresh Soft fruitlet, for instance, apples, damson Scissors Chromosome extrication Icy ethanol Ice exposition Rock salt

The author states that lysozyme is an enzyme that digests the polymeric compounds that give the cell wall its rigidity. It is present in secretions like tears and saliva as well as in egg white. SDS is a detergent Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate which aids in the disintegration of the bacterial cell wall.

The author states that loss of sample from the well due to leakage resulting in blurred bands, smearing of the bands due to loading too much DNA or it could even be due to the fact that agarose was not completely melted before the gel was poured. Errors could also be due to temperature and pH variation as well as cross-contamination of samples.

In the agriculture sector, many technologies are used such as genetic manipulation and gene transfer, development of recombinant vaccines, molecular markers, DNA-based disease diagnosis and characterization, embryo transfer and in vitro propagation of plants. In the food industry, the food processing is the main part where biotechnology intermission is required. 

The house fly belonging to large filth fliers group are strong fliers believed to have evolved at the beginning of Cenozoic era, originated in Steppes of Central Asia. Due to its association with human and human activities today it is cosmopolitan in nature seemed to have spread along with the migration of man. 

Calcified Tendonitis is commonly seen in elderly patients and females. In Calcified Tendinitis, there is a deposition of hydroxyapatite crystals inside the tendon of the rotator cuff. These calcified crystals are commonly found in Supraspinatous tendon of shoulder joint but also found in Infraspinatous and Subscapularis tendons.  

The body temperature of seals is protected by their thick layer of subcutaneous blubber against their living environment’s (cold seawater) ) temperature which is ranging from 0° to 15°C. Their flippers though can not be covered with subcutaneous blubber because it will interfere with its function as paddles and fins. 

Although most of the traits inherited by people are normal and beneficial, some of the inherited mutations may be fatal or extremely harmful to the individuals. It is used to treat certain genetic anomalies or deficiencies which can cause disorders. Gene therapy technique is applied to develop efficient methods for the introduction of DNA into cells after appropriate DNA sequences and cell types have been identified.

Before Gregor Mendel came to be known as the Father of Genetics, his major influences were his professors in physics and botany, particularly in the application of mathematics to science and the basis of variation among plants. After graduation, Mendel entered the monastery where he taught and began experimenting on garden pea hybridization and its genetic inheritance.

For instance, organisms such as bacteria are unicellular organisms. Multicellular organisms include human beings, animals, plants, etc. basically all organisms can be classified into two groups eukaryotic and prokaryotic. Prokaryotic cells or organisms containing this type of cell are usually independent as everything required for the survival, movement, and another aspect is present in just that single cell.

After all, Conservatism is not irrational, it is not without mercy for those afflicted with debilitating diseases, and a fair reading of the Cosmological principle, of the premises underlying theocentric humanism, and the Chief Sociological Maxim can be reconciled with the pursuit of adult stem cell research designed to ease pain and suffering.  Embryonic stem cell research, on the other hand, conflicts with the Cosmological principle.

Twentieth-century saw microbiology research spreading beyond the borders of France and Germany, thus gaining an international reputation to be a research field of public importance as it included the study of human diseases.

The interleukin (IL)-23-IL-17 axis is critical for both the onset phase and the bone destruction phase of autoimmune arthritis.  Skewing of responses towards Th17 may be responsible for the development and/or progression of acute transplant rejection in humans. IL-17A, which is elevated in psoriatic skin, can stimulate neutrophil recruitment, ß-defensin 2 production, and ICAM-1 and MHC class I expression on keratinocytes. 

Genes code for a lot of proteins in our bodies. This concept of a gene responsible for the production of a specific protein was in 1909 by an English physician called Archibald Garrod. Although this was a major breakthrough in the field of genetics it was not noticed until the early 1940s, when it was rediscovered by the American geneticists.

Electrophoretic separations are almost always applied with use of gels since they can function as a sieve for molecules. Smaller protein molecules compared with the pores present in the gel promptly travel through the distance of the gel, while larger protein molecules relative to the size of the gel pores are rendered nearly fixed.

Protection of only 10% of earth’s ecosystems could make at least half of all terrestrial species vulnerable to anthropogenic extinction in the near future, based on the species-area relation, under which a 50% loss of species is assumed to occur after a 90% loss of habitat area.” It is, for this reason, the government of Bhutan believes that the proposed resolution is an appropriate way to protect biodiversity globally.

We will present the findings of certain relevant researchers which will eventually form the basis for the understanding at hand. To start with, visual perception is basically the perception that is dependent on one’s vision. It takes into consideration the usage of the eyes which see the light and thus interpret the viewed object to the brain. 

The amount spent by governments in preventing youths from some of these behaviors proves that teenagers are incapable of handling trials effectively. Therefore, I believe that the law should give reconsiderations to the minors serving life without parole and others who are facing the hardships in adult prisons. Minors deserve protection from any form of cruelty and the new discoveries on the immaturity of their brains offer new evidence.

I can see that humans have really damaged ecosystems in many ways and that because of this; we need to do a better job managing the relationship between wildlife and humans.  The interview with Mitch was especially strong because I discovered some of the histories that affect the world today.  Even though it appears as though there is lots of land in America, we still need to treat the environment properly. 

The Saudi Arabian people have genes that are not susceptible to diabetes mellitus in their bodies. E23K is the most important gene for continuous insulin secretion. Whereas the people of other origin are having the T2D susceptible genes which when mutated or mislead will cause stop insulin production. Instead of the susceptible gene, they have a well-performing inducing gene.

Bones work to mobilize the body by providing muscle attachment points and protecting the internal organs of the body. In addition, they serve as factories for the production of red and white blood cells. Bones store various vital minerals and are a reservoir of calcium, phosphorous, sodium, magnesium, and carbonate in the body.  (Bone, 2010).

DNA is the basic component of genes. It is one of the important molecules of life. The variation in the DNA composition and structure provides variation between the species and within the species. DNA sequence varies among the sexually dimorphic species females and males. The difference in the phenotype is used as the basic identification step.

The main thing to note in this experiment, the numbers are obtained as a result of enzyme activity. Enzyme activity is also illustrated by the resultant color of the product (Bolsover & et.al, 2011, p. 215). Since the enzyme activity differs, then it is expected that the activity observed for each case is different. When prepared in an isotonic solution, mitochondria clump together. The sediment in this case which consists essentially of mitochondria is prepared using a centrifuge.

Ultimately, a look at both the Biology of the situation as well as the ethical aspect; will allow for a proper balance, especially since the harvesting of stem cells is done in order to cure or to save lives. The argument that it is amoral due to where it comes from is nullified by the outcome which justifies the means. 

According to land use capability, this site comes under V and below categories where regular field crop cultivation may not be feasible and is mainly used as a pasture, mainly for horses. Hence its potential in modifying from pastures to field crops is not possible which becomes the main challenge. However, with some land treatment plans, in the long run, land in some patches may be used for the cultivation of some economically useful plants.

The method for obtaining finished gels that can be used for investigative research requires further procedures (such as amplification of the samples from the gel). Although the results obtained through DGGE are more accurate and genuine than previously tested methods, it suffers from certain innate defects.

The experimental data showed an increase in the rare particle formation indoors that was characterized by conditions such as low air exchange rates, lower indoor air temperatures, higher outdoor particle concentrations or higher indoor α-pinene concentrations. Thereafter, it was recommended that indoor air purifiers should not be used due to the detection of an increase in potentially harmful substances.

Dawkins has presented the examples of wasps and forest trees interlinking their traits with a favorable environment and their possible adaptability. The trees in the forest are taller in comparison with those of other regions due to the fact that they overlap rival trees in the always prevailing competitive situation. 

Cloning can be defined as the process of creating an identical copy of an original animal. It is the process of asexually producing a group of genetically identical cells, from a single parent cell. The term cloning is used to describe the production of one or more organism (an animal or a human) who is genetically identical to a source or 'donor' organism (an animal or a human).  

In general, staphylococci are common in skin folds, such as the perineum, axillae, and in the anterior nares. They may also colonize around the wounds, for instance in eczema, varicose, and decubitus ulcers. MRSA has the same way of spread as the other strains of staphylococcus: endogenous transmission and exogenous transmission

Recent brain imaging technology makes it possible to rule out hallucinatory cases. While some scientists discard any scientific models of “unitary encounter”, there are those who insist on the experiments with Buddhists monks and Catholic nuns leave room for the subjective experience of transcendent reality. 

The best way is to maintain a perfect balance between supply and demand but at the same time it is not desired to introduce and market animal products in the market, this will prevent the animal killing. Construction of infrastructure should be done through environmentally friendly ways to prevent the ecosystems from destruction. If the trade of one animal for fur or skin is promoted it diminishes its number which disturbs the ecosystem.

According to the article, “The NRC Reports Strongly Advocate Action on Global warming,” there is human-prompted global warming of the planet that is not well addressed by the contempt it deserves. However, recently the United States has increased emphasis on acting on such acts. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has published supporting reasons for acting on climate change.

Consider a pipe. What is the physics behind the way water flows through it? All thanks to the pressure gradient, a pipe’s fluid flow remains constant, moving whatever liquid through it to the other end.

Cells need to live in an environment that is optimum for their growth. Subjecting cells to different conditions will cause changes which could ultimately lead to cell death. This is the reason why health care professionals should take strict precaution when administering intravenous fluid to patients under their care.

The impact of the theory regarding the evolution of the species had the greatest impact on intelligence testing since the discovery of intelligence itself. Despite the many positive instances of intelligence measurement and its use to show how hereditary advantages do not necessarily mean mental advantages, Darwin’s ideas were often misinterpreted and corrupted in terms of application.

“The types of rice include Short grain rice, medium-grain rice, and Long grain rice. Another type is the Converted Rice which is partially cooked rice with steam removes some of the surface starch and forces some surface nutrients into the grain, after which it is polished and milled” (Hess, 2011, p. 20).

There is a need to understand the distribution of native mammal and floral species in these reserves as well as how the influence that the size or location of these reserves has on such distribution. Besides, given the constraint of limited funds, the government also wishes to understand the opinions of the members of the public on the types of endangered mammal species.

Bloodstain pattern interpretation is usually undertaken to recreate the likely actions that may have caused the blood to spatter (Bevel & Gardner, 2008). Bloodstain pattern expert analysts examine details such as location, size, shape, the appearance of stains and patterns, geometry, and location of the bloodstains to come up with opinions of what happened at a crime scene.

One day I came across a quotation of W.J. Bryan - "Destiny is not a matter of chance. It is a matter of choice: it is not to be waited for, it is a thing to be achieved". This sprung me up to life and I knew I had to steer my life the way I wanted. I then started looking around for courses and I am glad that I opted for a degree in biotechnology. 

The virus spreads inside the host through two ways- the first one is through the bloodstream and the second one is through the nervous system. The viruses travel in the bloodstream either as free cells or found attached to the red blood cells, platelets, lymphocytes, monocytes, etc. This condition is termed as viremia. 

One of the things that struck me most is that the process and the outcome of natural selection could be similar to the artificial selection practised in farming and poultry raising. Moreover, evolution or natural selection put an emphasis on the interaction between the physical environment and the species. 

The goal of the field trip was to come up with a complete species list of invertebrates that would be collected during the survey. The abundance and composition of these species in the habitats sampled were to be measured. Some invertebrates could be identified with the help of the literature that had been provided.

Observable changes with age in humans such as increased constipation suggest the involvement of these cells in this function and may change with age. In this study, the role of the cells lining the internal part of the bowel in the movement of the gut contents and the effect of aging on them is to be studied using mice.

Data were mainly collected using the Google search engine and search into open-access databases such as Google Scholar and Medline. The keywords employed for the search included antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial resistance, GNB among others. Articles targeted were those that combined observational and randomized controlled trials, systematic review.

Pyke and Balzer launched an attempt at establishing the effects of honeybees on the ecology in 1982, results of which were published in 1985 (Graham, 2000). There are suggestions that apiaries should not be managed in places where there is a need for environmental conservation, due to the reduction of environmental value (Graham, 2000).

It was evident that swimming speeds were greatest at the higher values of temperatures and pH. There was a statistically significant effect of decreasing or increasing temperatures and pH on crayfish bite force (ANOVA, F = 2.280, df = 8, 25, p = 0.05).  Crayfish displayed unusual muscle performance at temperatures of 20˚C and 30˚C.

We used the rat as an experimental animal for transaminase activities. The presence of amino acids and transaminase reactions was determined using paper chromatography. After running the chromatography for 6 amino acid standards, 2 keto acids, and 8 samples from the tubes, it was found that the 8 sample solutions prepared from the tissue contained 6 amino acids and two keto acids.