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Digestion is the process of refining large particles of food by physical and chemical refinement and subsequent absorption of resultant nutrients from the process. The digestive system is made up of organs that function inclusively in the process of conversion of food to the usable energy and nutrients in the body.
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The activation of genes by chromatin remodeling involves a reorganization of nucleosomes, complexes of DNA wrapped around a basic histone protein octamer to achieve a more open configuration of expanded chromatin loops where the DNA is accessible to binding transcriptional regulatory proteins (Wegel and Shaw, 2005).
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The research hypothesis is analyzing the dangers that can be related to human beings and other aspects concerning attacks from sharks. The results of this hypothesis indicate that there exist various notions concerning the attacks and the behavior of sharks without prior knowledge of their diverse behaviors and species.
Some bacteria are beneficial in other ways like they are used in agriculture for plant growth and some are used for cleansing of water. These bacteria act as pathogens which are destroying the health of many individuals in the society. Many pathogens are emerging in the society as antibiotics are getting resistant to the old pathogens.
It connects the pons superiorly with the spinal cord inferiorly and contains most of the ascending and descending pathways represented in the cord. The junction of the medulla and spinal cord is at the origin of the anterior and posterior roots of the first cervical spine nerve, which is at the level of the foramen magnum. This level is known as the craniocervical junction (CCJ).
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It is essential for a healthcare team to conduct necessary care and medical action to prevent the loss of life most especially during emergency situations. Much has been done to improve turnaround time in the medical field. Paramedics and emergency teams are well trained in ensuring swift and accurate handling of medical emergency cases.
Before these breakthroughs, the process of identifying various people involved in various disastrous events such as burning, rot/ decay, etc. has been an uneasy task to many. These complications have brought in a lot of confusion and disputes among various people of the world. The scientific applications have been the most preferred methods.
Infanticide involves the killing of an offspring by a member of the same species as the offspring (Helmer and Van Schaik 27). In a more inclusive sense, infanticide refers to any behavior that contributes directly and significantly to the termination of the life of an offspring member of the aggressor’s own species.
As the paper outlines, the mobility of the membrane is dependent on the cholesterol also embedded in the membrane. The presence of these molecules results in the decreased interaction among phospholipids and increased the fluidity of the membrane. Temperature also affects membrane fluidity, such that higher temperatures cause fluidity of the membrane.
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DNA nanotechnology whereby the single molecules are put together and folded to form shapes that are complex which are used in assembling the nanostructures. The DNA nanotechnology is part of the DNA origami. The DNA has a number of limitations in the percentage of the chemicals which enable it to be optical and electronically.
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Ethical treatment of the animal consists of Animal Welfare and Animal Rights. The goal of animal right is ending at the time every animal use clothing, medical research, food, entertainment or hunting. At the same time, Animal Welfare demands that all the animals should be used and treated humanely.
According to the World Health Organization, 30 percent of all cancers in the Western World and 20 percent of them in developing countries are due to dietary factors. When researchers of cancer started to search for the causes of cancer in the diet, observed was that those who did not consume meat were less likely to develop cancer.
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It is also accompanied by the release of waste products. According to Rich, the reactions which take place in cellular respiration are catabolic and they lead to the breaking of a large molecule into small molecules with energy being released (1089). Respiration is one of the key ways through which cells get energy used in fuelling of cellular activities.
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The researcher aimed at investigating the pattern trends in relation to scales and body dimensions of the sample specimens from within and between the selected islands. Based on the observed trend the researcher intended to provide a reason for the observed trends and suggest areas for further studies.
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The second advantage of using genetically modified organisms is the increased herbicide tolerance that crops attain from the laboratories. For some crops, the farmers are required to use different types of herbicides to eliminate weeds. The use of many herbicides in the farms is a time-consuming process that is also harmful to the environment.
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Saving long-term memories is also an important function of the frontal lobe of the brain. Social and sexual behaviors are controlled by the frontal lobes too. Broca’s area of speech is present in frontal lobes which help in speech and language. The Broca’s area also help to determine as to which hemisphere of the individual is dominant
The discovery of a new gene and the analysis of its encoded protein is a complicated process which involves determining the encoding stand for transcription as well as its open reading frame. Although numerous cloning vector contaminants were detected, the comparison result showed that the nucleotide sequence was more similar to TTSP than the rest
Evolution is the progression of alteration and modification in all aspects of life over creation. The bio-assortment of life progresses through natural selection and genetic drift. It is established that every individual carries a plethora of genetic material or genes inherited from the previous generation and then passes this genetic material.
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Individual variations in movement within an area with males dispersing far from there natal homes more than the females, probably in search of receptive female partners, are also observed (Connor et al., 91). However it is only the offshore forms that such movements are observed, the coastal forms remaining closer to their homes.
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This paper details the results of an experiment comparing the effect of two antibiotics, ampicillin, and streptomycin, on bacterial cultures of Serratia marcescens. Two sets of ten agar plates each with the bacterial culture are tested versus filter paper discs containing either ampicillin or streptomycin, and the resulting sizes of the discsю
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The term stem cells denote biological cells that occur in a multicellular organism and can divide and undergo differentiation into a variety of cell types and undergo self-renewal to provide more stem cells. Adult stem cells and embryonic stem cells are the two broad categories of stem cells used in research
Charles Darwin’s Theory of Evolution explains why the kinds of organisms that exist in Earth change through time. Evolutionary developmental biology utilizes Darwin’s theory; that all life is related and has descended from a common ancestor. Darwin’s theory of evolution utilizes three principles: variation, heredity, and natural selection.
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Reportedly, the search program identified a gene from the microbe Aspergillus flavus, that encodes the enzyme urate oxidase, as the closest matching DNA sequence, with (60%) sequence homology to the full-length gene. This gene and its encoded protein were assessed further using bioinformatics databases.
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The artificial selection makes dogs more ready for the situation than natural selection. It helps in acquiring the desirable traits and social behavior (Hare & Tomasello, 2005) in dogs upon systematic guidance. This reveals that the impact of the environment is quite significant on the social behavior of domestic dogs.
The author states that artichoke also refers to the edible bud of the globe artichoke as well as the edible tubers of the Jerusalem artichoke and the Chinese artichoke. When unspecified the term artichoke refers to globe artichoke or Cynara, a genus of the family Asteraceae that is characterized by the presence of an inflorescence or floral head.
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This essay demonstrates that the scientific discovery is one of the major achievements in human history that contributes to the formation of new knowledge. It involves thorough and rigorous activities that are done in order to arrive at the desired result. The investigation involves the collection of data and analysis of data to get the accurate result.
Emerging pathogens are one of the most potent of all these causes which are believed to be causing these diseases. A pathogen is any substance or microorganism which has the potential to cause disease. An emerging pathogen can be defined as a new pathogen arising in the general population of this world because of the different processes undergone by the pathogen.
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The author states that one of the characteristics of rice is that it has often been used to define the cultural aspects of some people. The Middle East and the Arab world have used rice as a staple meal besides attaching some cultural and ceremonial qualities to the substance. Rice is one of the foods that unite various communities.
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Although it is not the intention of this particular author to resist technology or improvements in the way that the Earth’s burgeoning population is fed in the future, the fact of the matter is that the use of genetically modified material to effect such an end is something of a very risky bet that cannot yet be determined with existing evidence
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The result of the experiments was that the “like babies were healthier and heavier than monkey-mother-reared infants’ (Harlow, 1958, p. 675). It was mainly because of human scientists were more capable of feeding the infant monkey with better nutritious food and providing them with better care.
In these cases, while differences did exist, they were insufficient to warrant rejection of the Null hypothesis; ergo these populations possess alleles drawn from equivalent distributions. All other pairings between populations resulted in high differences indicating the different distribution of alleles.
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The major findings and conclusions from the meta-analysis are presented below. Firstly, reactive oxygen species are constantly produced during most of the metabolic activities of the cell. When photosynthesis takes place in plants, one of the by products is molecular oxygen, and the concomitant companions of aerobic life are reactive oxygen species.
Climate change is a phenomenon which is the result of degradation of the environmental and ecological balance. Climate comprises a wide range of conditions and patterns in temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind, season, etc. (Department of Ecology, n.d.). Climate change refers to the occurrence of different weather and climatic patterns.
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These findings have been corroborated by empirical findings on AMPs in other fields leading to significant breakthroughs in the study of the physiological action of the peptides in the pulmonary tract (Jens-Michael and Kabelitz 2005). Specifically, studies have revealed that peptides play important roles in inflammation, tissue regeneration and host defense.
This essay discusses that males of avian species are the ones that remain on or near the natal territory since in case of birds it is the quality of the” habitat that the male defends that determines the reproductive success”. Reproductive success among avian species depends on the male members and on the provisions available for the brood.
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According to the report, plums plant is scientifically known as“Prunus domestica.”The dried version of its fruits is known as prunes. There are very many varieties of plums that exist widely dispersed over the globe. They are classified into six categories including Japanese, Damson, wild, American, European/Garden, and Ornamental plums.
Microorganisms, which are the most abundant inhabitants on earth, work and interact with humans in many ways resulting in either positive or negative consequences. Some of the commonly encountered interactions include diseases which are caused by microbes or the process of decomposition of leaves in the yard.
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Reportedly, the host proteins, which are found in the plasma and extracellular fluids, are the first response to foreign molecules and organisms (Lipman et al, 2005). It was Behring and Kitasato, in 1890, who demonstrated that it is possible to neutralize even a fatal dose of the diphtheria toxin.
According to the paper, in the desert biomes, the spiny nature of plants minimizes lose of moisture content by reducing transpiration. Plants such as brittle bushes, creosote bush, bur sage, cat claw, mesquite, rabbit brushes, lyciums, and jujube are abundant in deserts and these are the primary producers in this biome.
As the discussion highlights, variation is evident through the genetic pool of individual mosquitoes. These genetic variations may be evident in the mutated and resistant enzymes of the mosquitoes whereby effects of the pesticide are rendered ineffective. Variation may equally render the genetic system of certain mosquitoes.
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This paper discusses the ways to deal with neglected animals, particularly the responsibilities that one would have when dealing with neglected animals. Anyone who owns an animal must be responsible for or meet the animal’s welfare needs. He or she must ensure that the animal: has somewhere suitable to live; is kept away from or with other animals.
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The origin of flight has been widely debated since the Ancient Greeks. There are several anatomical developments in modern birds and paleontological discoveries, such as the furcula used for skeletal bracing that can be used to discover how a flight is possible and give clues as to how the skill evolved.
Red Dye #40 is a common food colouring used in the United States and has approval from the Food and Drug Administration to be used in foods. Organizations such as Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) have continued to oppose Red Dye #40 and called for its banning based on the argument that the food colouring has serious side effects.
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To an extent, caring and bearing compete with each other for time and resource. A pure caring strategy is impossible in real life as a population as the invasion of mutant individuals that specialize in bearing. Wild animals do not die of old age they face starvation, diseases, or the effect of predators catching up with them
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Studies reveal that the white shark is vulnerable under the paramount act of the environment protection and biodiversity conservation. The review finalized that a new recovery plan should be put into place in order to remove the harmful actions and include new and efficient conservation principles.
This signifies that GM products are environment-friendly. GM crops spare the environment unlike the normal crops, which need a bundle of herbicides or pesticides to be sprayed on them that afterwards harm the environment. The cost of planting crops, due to biotechnology, has eased since the need for herbicides and pesticides has also decreased.
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The researcher states that consumption of the essential fruits and vegetables helps in ensuring that our mortality level is slightly lowered and it reduces a person’s susceptibility to several degenerative diseases. Other than the vitamins and minerals contained in fruits and food, it may also ensure beneficial protective effects for individuals.
1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Synthase belongs to class 1 aminotransferases and plays a critical role in the ethylene biosynthetic pathway in fruit development and ripening. This protein catalyzes the conversion of S-adenosylmethionine to ACC. This enzyme acts as a homodimer and one of its major co-factors is pyridoxal-5-phosphate.
The paper "Environmental Impact of Aquaculture Wild-Caught versus Farmed Fish" is an outstanding example of an essay on biology. Sustainable development in terms of is fishing refers to the implementation of developmental strategies and policies that there is a sufficient amount of fish that meets the present demand without compromising future demand.
The paper "Circadian Clock Mutants in Arabidopsis by Millar, Carre, Strayer, Chua, and Kay" is a delightful example of an article on biology. Various aspects of plant development and metabolism are regulated by the circadian clock. Since clock mutations in some species mainly influence a number of rhythmic markers in parallel, it means that alone oscillators can manage several outputs.