Do Memories Reflect the Operation of Different Systems or Are They Ways of Accessing a Unitary Store - Article Example

Do memories reflect the operation of different systems, or are they different ways (processes) of accessing a unitary long-term store? Psychology seeks to study the human behavior, which passes through the test of times under different conditions and at changing levels. It also looks at the learning concerned with the human memory, which essentially does not require repetition at all times. It is equally observable in animals, plants and the best possible example is undoubtedly present in the form of us – the human beings. Psychology attempts to study the human mind and its dealings in our day-to-day lives. Humans might not know it by their nature which is in an ever-changing state of psychological needs but their emotions and more so their body changes its shape so as to get itself either psychologically acclimatized with the strenuous tasks one has to go through or through pain indicted on one’s body and mind, for that matter, for a long duration of time. Learning might invigorate the body’s capacity to exert and thus sustain more pressure while at other times; this can be a totally opposite scenario, leading to some serious ailments attached with the human mind as well as impairments with different body parts. The psychological endurance can be dealt with an approach that is not taxing on the patient’s body as well as his mind. This could mean that his self could be conditioned to a limit that is both tolerable to him as well as a lead up to his betterment in the near future. Behaviorism was essentially given light by the American psychologist John B. Watson in 1913, who was of the view that behavior usually comes into action due to a reaction based on psychology. This is very closely related to the concept of learning. This reaction is due to the stimulus in the environment. The Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov studied the conditioned-reflex system, which was further carried on by the American psychologist Edward Thorndike. The latter’s work was very trivial from the development of behavioral psychology stance. Another notable behaviorist, who was an American as well, was B. F. Skinner. Skinner implied through his experiments that a simple number of emotions were modified due to habitual aspects, which could either be learned with the passage of time or forgotten at others. Learning in its truest sense is defined as a particular kind of teaching practice within individuals who are affected by emotional adversities and fervent means of grief every now and then. This follows to a certain time limit before the individual is actually operated upon, healed and given certain medicines as well as a series of exercises and procedures to follow up with. Learning is thus the only known (to date) topic on inspecting the tenets attached with psychology and psychological studies. Basic ways in which psychology is studied on a patient’s part also comes under this very topic. Similarly, conditioning is a philosophy, which in essence tries to assist the field of behavioral psychology by detailing the ways in which people acquire responses that are of an involuntary nature. These involuntary responses are a result of the stimuli that represent for them to adopt from the environment. Learning usually starts to grow on its own when a stimulus is combined with another one so that the production of a conditioned response can be attained in the best manner possible. Stimulus is the means by which a component hailing from the general environment around us excites or energizes some sort of response, be it of any kind whatsoever. The basic ensample of a stimulus can comprise of a whiff of baked goods or cakes for that matter, as well as a loud thunderstorm or a car horn. Many other examples are also possible which can raise some kind of response. Response is defined as the reaction that an organism shows when interacted with a stimulus. One such example of a response to a particular stimulus can be seen in I V Pavlov’s example of conditioning whereby the dog in his experiment produced saliva when shown food for the first time around, along with a bell in the background. On the next attempt the dog was just made to hear the bell, producing saliva once again, without actually shown the food this time. This demonstrates a very valid example of conditioning as well as of response and hence we can easily comprehend the facilitation of learning and repetition in the wake of memory and its different concepts. Memories surely suggest one thing or the other about the different operation systems of human beings as well as their basis of actually looking at accessing different disjointed units within their minds related with particular incidents and the like. For this to understand in the proper sense, we must find out what exactly is visual perception and how the same relates to the discussion of memories reflecting positively or otherwise on the operational basis of different human systems. We will also present the findings of certain relevant researchers which will eventually form the basis for the understanding at hand. To start with, visual perception is basically the perception that is dependent on one’s vision. It takes into consideration the usage of the eyes which see the light and thus interpret the viewed object to the brain. Thus the whole perception is built as a result. This perception is thus called as the eyesight or in more common terms as the naked eye vision. Vision is composed of the sensory system which is the visual system in essence. One of the biggest problems related with visual perception lies in the fact that the objects which people see through their eyes is not indeed what the retina has shown the brain. Thus the retinal stimuli or the image on the retina of the eye is pretty different to what is actually viewed by the eye in the first place. Scientists and doctors alike have been researching for a long time so as to understand the basis behind such an anomaly. The people who have interest at understanding this proposition thus make it a point to find out the exact basis of the visual processing which is taking place and the relationship that is formed up between the two as a result of the same. There has been some difficulty at understanding and thus translating the basis of visual perception and the eventual processing of the visual sense as to how the same creates or at times maintains what a person actually wants to see but the image is just not there at all. Thus this phenomenon holds a lot of ground for the people who fathom that eyes play a huge part in the development of the pictures that brain wants it to make and thus portray to the human being. It is for this reason that there has been work in the related field. As concerns to the unconscious or subconscious mind and indeed the long term accession of a unitary long term stored value, we understand the fact that inference of an unconscious nature takes place. It was Hermann von Helmholtz who devised the study which was related with the visual perception. He stated that vision had a lot of part in the make up of the unconscious inference and thus it was contemplated that vision is indeed a part of the matter which discerns the basis for a probable understanding or interpretation as concerns to data which has not been considered complete by now. Gestalt theory also has its say in the make up of the visual perception discussion. With this, we find that Gestalt researchers raised a number of significant questions which had one thing or the other with the whole paradigm of visual perception. In fact they came out with the famous Gestalt laws of Organization which have to this day facilitated in the study of as to how people think of the visual components where the same are taken as wholes or organized patterns and not as separate parts as such. This theory outlined six separate and significant factors which play their due role at determining how human beings make groups of things in accordance with their understanding or interpretation owing to the visual perception. These six segments comprise of the proximity, which discusses the fact that the objects which are in close vicinity of each other would form into a group and thus come out as a whole for us to see and thus visually perceive it as a result. The second segment is that of similarity which states that the objects which are similar in size and/or shape constitute to form a group. The third segment is of closure that describes the basis of our brain doing its bit at providing the missing links towards the completion of a larger picture or pattern for that matter. The fourth segment entails that of symmetry which focuses on the rationale that symmetrical objects hold up to each other so that they can form into a single group. The second last segment is that of common fate which talks about the theory that the items which are moving in a common manner end up being in a single group nonetheless. The sixth and last segment encompasses the fact related with continuity. It speaks of continuity in the sense that once a whole or a pattern is formed up, the same continue to be like that even if some of the elements are left missing within the distribution mix. BIBLIOGRAPHY Loftus, Elizabeth F. (1976). Human Memory: The Processing of Information. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Baddeley, Alan D. (1999). Essentials of Human Memory. Psychology Press Windholz, George. (1997). Ivan P. Pavlov: An Overview of His Life and Psychological Work. American Psychologist, Vol. 52 Henle, Mary. (1961). Documents of Gestalt Psychology. University of California Press Smith, Noel W. (1995). Revisiting New Conceptions of the Mind. Free Inquiry, Vol. 15 Word Count: 1,592 Read More