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Cancer is curable in the present epoch if it is diagnosed in the early stages. The article deals with the genetic aspects, the risk factors associated with cancer along with the symptoms diagnosis and management of breast cancer. It is necessary to avoid direct exposure to the carcinogens as they may trigger the conversion of proto-oncogenes to oncogenes.
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Among these is the need to have either a moist substrate or saturated air in the habitat in which they permanently inhabit. Woodlice primarily breathe through the use of gills, although they do have surfaces that act to absorb oxygen. In their natural habitat, woodlice are generally observed as being restricted to dark and damp locations. Their sensory organs help them detect moisture.
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The tongue retraction not only serves to create suction on the prey but also serves to enhance the adhesion mechanism of the tongue by increasing the surface area of contact and rearranging the tongue papillae which increases the interlocking activity. The tongue retraction process contributes to the unique prey capturing and foraging mode observed in the chameleon.
Basically, the brain is composed of five major structures namely the telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon and myencephalon. These structures are in turn composed of other structures that function differently to achieve the overall functions of the five major structures of the human brain.
The main thing to note in this experiment, the numbers are obtained as a result of enzyme activity. Enzyme activity is also illustrated by the resultant color of the product (Bolsover & et.al, 2011, p. 215). Since the enzyme activity differs, then it is expected that the activity observed for each case is different. When prepared in an isotonic solution, mitochondria clump together. The sediment in this case which consists essentially of mitochondria is prepared using a centrifuge.
Gradualists affirm that the incompleteness of fossil records is responsible for the nominal manifestations of transitional forms among species. The philosopher Daniel Dennett also believes in the gradual process of evolution. Charles Darwin was believed to be a gradualist, though not in the concept of evolutionary rates but of adaptations. (Ridley)
By examining these fossils closely, it has been discovered that the greater the age of the fossil, the more is it different from the living beings found today. More recent is a fossil, more is the resemblance to present-day plants or animals. This is perhaps the strongest evidence of evolution.
During the experiment, it was seen that the latency of the response was dependent on the strength of the stimulus, and not on the duration by which the membrane is exposed to the stimulus. However, in contrast to latency, the strength of the action potential was not modified by either strength or duration of the stimulus.
Meiosis also known as reduction division is a type of cell division where the cells divide to produce cells containing half the number of chromosomes. This type of cell division constitutes a very important part of sexual reproduction and all eukaryotes reproducing sexually have meiosis as a part of cell division. However, the prokaryotes i.e. the bacteria do not reproduce by meiosis.
In light of the statistical data brought forward by the various health organizations, it can be ascribed the importance to the fact that the sociological, geographical and social factors play a great role in the large number of deaths caused globally by cancer per year and long-lasting efforts need to be made in order to prevent, manage and cure cancer patients.
Myocardial infarction is given by the interruption of blood supply and thereby oxygen supply to a part of the heart, which results in the breakdown of the heart muscles there. This interruption of blood supply and shortage in oxygen supply is normally caused by the collection of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque, which is a combination of lipids and White Blood Cells, on the walls of the arteries.
Placenta has two components a fetal part that develops from the chorionic sac (chorionic villi) and a maternal part that develops from the endometrium (decidua basalis). The development of the placenta begins after the cleavage of the zygote, which consists of repeated mitotic divisions and the ultimate formation of a blastocyst.
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mtDNA and Y-chromosome can only be passed from mother-to-daughter/son and father-to-son, respectively. They cannot be used in determining the ancestry of grandparents. A drawback of this procedure is that since these genetic materials are a random mixture of equal contributions from each parent, it only provides a broad idea of one’s heritage.
The disorder occurs in two forms: autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive (Becker). Becker type is the most common. Thomsen’s disease is rare and mild. The symptoms associated with this disorder normally appear in early childhood. The symptoms vary between individuals. Symptoms in early childhood may include difficulty swallowing, gagging.
Although food obtained from cloned animals is quite safe to eat, it has been noticed that cloned animals get sick more often compared to animals that are born naturally. When they get sicker they are likely to receive antibiotics that will appear in the food. These abnormalities raise concern that whether cloning technology should be used for food production or not.
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In a workshop proceeding by Dane publication (1993), in general, non-polar solvents are mostly used in the extraction of chemicals that might be useful as waxes and lubricants. On the contrary, polar solvents are mainly used in the extraction of compounds useful as chemical intermediaries as they have rather highly reactive oxygen groups.
From the classification, the scientific name for dolphins is Delphinus Delphis. Dolphins have their habitats in oceans, seas and major rivers. They have become specialized in the different ecological niches that they occupy. Dolphins are exclusively carnivorous. Some feed exclusively on fish or cephalopods. Cephalopod is a class of marine that includes cuttlefish and octopus.
Many of the geothermal locations undersea have been stable over billions of years, and hence ancient life-forms have been preserved. These life-forms have been very sensitive to any changes in the ocean environment, and hence human activity such as pollution, deep sea oil extraction, and mining, can destroy these life-forms
Although most of the traits inherited by people are normal and beneficial, some of the inherited mutations may be fatal or extremely harmful to the individuals. It is used to treat certain genetic anomalies or deficiencies which can cause disorders. Gene therapy technique is applied to develop efficient methods for the introduction of DNA into cells after appropriate DNA sequences and cell types have been identified.
What are some major accomplishments of exploration of oceans? Since the big surface of the earth comprises of beds of oceans, overwhelming information and knowledge are supposed to be explored and discovered for the benefits of human lives. This is the scope of coverage of discussion of this paper.
Prokaryotes had been first found around 3.5 billion years, which is just a billion years following the formation of the earth’s crust. Till today these life forms remain to be the most profuse ones, and since they have a very varied metabolism as compared to the eukaryotes, we can find a great many kinds of prokaryotic types.
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One of plant miRNA chains, called MIR168a, is produced by rice and abundantly found in the blood of the Chinese humans studied. Results of the experiments indicated that MIR168a showed the ability to affect gene expression in mouse, inhibiting the liver's ability to filter out LDL, the lipoprotein with the street name of bad cholesterol.
McBane asserts in his article that British scientists have come up with a mechanism of treating diseases of children before they are born. The author also asserts that studies on animal species are promising, and they are an indication that it will be a success when applied to human subjects in clinical practice.
Pathogenic microorganisms have specific features that enable them to successfully get entry into the host and hence causing diseases. They possess certain factors that enable them to drive in an unfavorable environment created by the presence of secretory immunoglobulin A and presence of other adverse conditions such as extreme temperatures and pH.
They also describe a membrane linkage protein; Moesin provides a facilitating role that integrates the networks of the mitotic cortex, allowing a cooperative interaction vital to the process of mitosis itself. In fruit flies, (Drosophila melanogaster) is a vital cytoskeletal regulator. Study of Moesin, otherwise known as Moe, should prove to be important in the understanding of the bridging between the actin complex and of the cell membrane
It is therefore paramount that DNA education should be accessible to students. Criminal investigations have also been made easier through this historic science. Forensic scientists are able to resolve cases by observing DNA evidence found on the crime scenes. This has led to breakthroughs in criminal cases by linking DNA found on crime scenes to those of suspects.
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This study showed that when biological parents had criminal tendencies and the adoptees exhibited more criminality as compared to when it was only the adopting parents who were parents. The criminality of biological parents affected the criminality of the adoptee but the criminality of the adoptive parent did not affect them as much
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Most of the time, people describe other people on the basis of their behavior patterns and personality traits (Engler, 2009, 261). Personality plays an important role in the formation of social identity. Hence, having a dynamic and positive personality is every human being’s dream. However, it is not that easy to achieve.
It is essential to state that bloom syndrome is a genetic disorder that occurs due to the inability to conserve the genomic structure of the body (Cohen, 2004). The mishap in genetics comes from crossovers of sister chromosomes; the syndrome is brought by autosomal recessiveness of the BML gene (Cohen, 2004).
The habitat and the ecosystem in which Nepenthes Rafflesiana grows forces it to adapt to nutrient deficiency and thus modification arises in the form of pitcher traps which allow the plant to fulfill its need for nitrogen through another source name in the form of arthropods, insects, and sometimes small vertebrates like rats.
Even though there is no clear explanation of the mechanism of opening and closing trap door, Vincent, Roditchev, and Marmottant (2011) present that recent studies on the time-resolved analysis of the opening and closing of the trap have provided an insight into the mechanical role of the trap door as some kind of buckling valve.
The infecting agent and symptoms should naturally wane within a few days, although they still have caused death among the elderly and immunocompromised individuals because the disease makes the infected person more susceptible to bacterial infection. In fact, it has caused several plagues, claiming the lives of as much as 20-50 million people worldwide.
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The entire body of the mountain lion is designed to be completely dead to its prey. The ears are erect, which allows the mountain lion to better hear anything or anyone within its vicinity. The front of a mountain lion, including its neck and jaw, are powerful and serve the purpose of holding on without relenting to even the largest of prey.
There is a negative correlation in penetrance of the bi-vulva mutation when lin-17 and lin-44 are combined. The polygenic factor, in this case, interacts to diminish the likelihood of expression. There appears to be a quantitative locus involved with this trait.
The worm which was exposed to the 50% seawater was found to have increased in weight. This is due to the hypo-osmotic condition that prevailed in the body. The water concentration was higher in the environment and to balance with the environment, the water molecules moved from the higher concentration to the lower concentration.
Digestion starts with the processing of food mechanically in the mouth. Food is crushed and grounded by teeth, the process is called mastication. This increases the surface area that makes it easier for enzymes to break it down further. Enzymes from the saliva also help to soften the food and break down carbohydrates molecules.
Genetic testing is quite different from other types of clinical tests. As clinical tests are quite sure about the disease that they tested for and sometimes the complete blood report identifies all the diseases a person has and tells the amount of glucose, the amount of white blood corpuscles, etc but the genetic test only predicts the disease that a person may have.
Some bacteria and viruses, which are pathogenic to insects, are used in pest control. For example, the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis is used in the biological control of pests such as bollworms, cabbage worms, alfalfa caterpillars etc. This bacterium produces a protein called the Bt-toxin, which is harmful to leaf-eating larvae of these insects.
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Dependence of man on plants and animals for his dietary requirements renders human interference with the natural processes unavoidable. Interference, however; is not the same as damage. While certain interactions among living organisms are essential for ecological homeostasis, certain others affect homeostasis adversely
Facts and discussion presented in this paper are meant to illuminate the reality of the claim that “with the agricultural and industrial revolution, land-use change, and an increase in greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, the issue of global warming has regardless strengthened and acts like recycling, energy conservation, and tree plantation can help reduce this.
The Largemouth Bass, although not considered a great table fish, is the most popular of sport fish and are avidly pursued because of the excitement of their fight, often becoming airborne in their efforts to dislodge the hook. They are also one of the largest, attaining weights of up to as much as 10 pounds and in some instances double that with the US and World record standing at 22lb 4oz.
In addition, the DNA in eukaryotic microbes is stored in the membrane enclosed nucleus. The term eukaryote extends beyond microbes, and in general refers to a cell type;
Various reasons lead to animal extinction. This paper will discuss the different reasons that are pushing the whales to death. It will also look at their habitats and feeding habits that might have triggered this move. It will also discuss the conservation efforts that are being put in place to ensure the survival of the whales.
As the paper outlines, the human species have somewhat changed for the past 100 years through natural selection, where many females have chosen stronger, smarter, and healthier males. This resulted in the multiplication of healthier and more intelligent individuals, who can produce more offspring who possess the same traits.
As a urological disorder, it is one of the most painful disorders patients experience. Therefore, it is not unusual to have patients on opioid derived medications due to the extreme discomforts they experience. Most commonly read books such as Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine (2008)and Kumar and Clark's Clinical Medicine have extensive and useful information on the development.
In these cases, while differences did exist, they were insufficient to warrant rejection of the Null hypothesis; ergo these populations possess alleles drawn from equivalent distributions. All other pairings between populations resulted in high differences indicating the different distribution of alleles.
It shall also describe how the discovery was made, including what was going on in Darwin's life to make the discovery. It shall then present a description of deportation in terms of the modern evolutionary synthesis of the 20th century. Finally, this paper shall also apply natural selection principles, explaining why we have the current problem of bacteria, which has become res instant to antibiotics.
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It infers that the puncture in barrier functions of the stomach, i.e. mucous coating begins the formation of gastric or duodenal ulcers. Consideration of acid, pepsin, food, stress or worrying as the potential cause backside ulcer is proving impertinent. A stomach ulcer is principally caused by H. pylori bacteria.
Pregnancy brings immeasurable happiness and a blessing to those couples or individuals who are ready and capable of raising a child. However, in today’s rapid population growth and challenging way of life, not all teams have a sufficient source of income to sustain the demands of having many children and not all individuals are ready for the demands of parental responsibilities.
Other factors such as season, pH, and salinity of the aqueous medium and other environmental factors should be considered to test if the same effects can be produced in vivo. It would also be helpful to study if the same species of fungi and bacteria can produce the same effect using other plant litter with a different cell wall composition.