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Generally speaking, the efficacy of psychotherapy has always come under question with many critics arguing that the mode of therapy is not structured to help the patient in overcoming his current struggles and distress, but rather is bound to diminish the dignity, autonomy, and freedom of the client.
Sigmund Freud asserts that an individual’s need for freedom stems from the natural desire to find happiness. Joan of Arc’s life is a total disagreement with this as she sacrificed her happiness for the freedom of her people. Although it can be said that her happiness comes from being God’s servant, it is evident that she suffered greatly in doing so.
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Beck’s Cognitive Therapy has been criticized for focusing too much on thinking positively; being too superficial and simplistic and not putting enough emphasis on the client’s pon ast. It is also criticized for being too technique-oriented, thereby not maximizing the therapeutic relationship between client and therapist.
This is particularly so for dissociative disorders such as dissociative amnesia and dissociative fugue. Whereby, the individual suffers a significant amount of memory loss, however, the individual experiences the symptoms in the absence of a neural damage and test results may provide no tangible evidence to be deemed as the root of the problem.
The historical development of intelligence tests demonstrates this transformation perfectly. It was shown that Galton’s physiognomy based theories would not be considered scientific whereas the latest research in electrophysiology of the human nervous system and intelligence is empirically grounded despite the similarities with Galton’s theory.
This technique of interview has three elements: Factual analysis, interviewing, and investigation. Besides being distinct in their process these elements have a common objective to help the innocent and identify the offender. Interrogating that individual becomes an important task to find out the reality. This technique is useful in extracting information from reluctant suspects.
The Cinderella Effect tries to explain the occurrence of the stepparents abusing their stepchildren. This may even go drastically to the point that the stepparents actually commit homicide. The landmark study for this field in evolutionary psychology is actually helpful in explaining several issues and provides good explanations for it.
Many researchers have studied and shown that there is a directly proportional relationship between golf and anxiety. The purpose of sport psychology is to depict, explain and envision the feelings, attitudes, and behavior of athletes as well as coaches. This paper encompasses how sport psychology can be useful to prepare sports participants
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Besides the interpersonal process, diversity is another important factor that shapes communication between a social worker and a client. Social workers must therefore understand how diversity that ranges from differences in culture, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientations may affect social work outcomes.
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I have considered all the ethical issues that may be linked with my mode of research and included the guidelines for ethical practice in psychological research online. The result of this research is expected to throw a better light on the elevated job stress and smoking levels, examining closely what other factors may be involved.
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This book is a masterpiece and it is of great help especially for those who are trying to find meaning in their lives and for those who are trying to live life in their fullest. After Morrie dies, the student learned from his life and from then, it changed him to become a new, better person who would share his message with the world.
Through the self-analysis test, I found out my personality traits as introvert, sensing, feeling and perceiving. According to this test, I am always in a hurry and think about the consequences after doing an act. This also shows high sensitivity and creativity. In IQ test the score of aptitude level was 114 which means my IQ level is average.
Freud’s description of the “self” was done so by the model he set forth of the ego, the alter ego and the id. Freud believed that each individual was composed of these three factions but only when an individual’s ego was managing one’s id, was one a healthy example of “self”. Freud felt that the “self” was composed of a myriad of ingredients that accounted for the person as a whole.
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The causes and symptoms of sleep deprivation are varied. The specific effects of sleep deprivation on various systems have been researched by various studies. The effects on the brain include increased activity of the prefrontal cortex, reduced memory and decreased ability to perform cognitive tasks.
Psychodynamic counseling translates the concepts and principles of psychoanalytic psychotherapy (psychoanalysis). In this type of counseling, the counselor would take the role of a neutral figure (as far as possible) providing less information about himself, preparing a high possibility that the haunting past and present relationship do reflect in the fellowship.
It is quite essential to state that from the numerous research studies discussed in this paper, it may be said that indeed, personality variables have effects on one’s health or illness. With the fast pace of today’s lifestyles, people need to adapt their personalities to the various situations they come across.
The various areas of school curricula seem to have a varying degrees of behavioral pattern amongst the school children. But the psychologists are finding the increasing cases of self-handicapping, the most intriguing, primarily because of the fact that it seems to have become a regular pattern amongst the school children.
The postpartum period is a very sensitive period for the mother, she may feel insecure, depressed, unsupported. Also, the introduction of the new baby in her life has a significant effect on heir’s sense of responsibility, she may feel that she’s incompetent “bad mother” that may lead to worsening of the feeling of guilt.
In today’s world, many stressful factors are faced by families in all society, and this aspect creates a direct impact on the psychological upbringing of a child. The different stressful factors like, alcohol and drug abuse, homelessness, violence and aggression can destroy the very psychological balance of a child.
The life of John Wayne Gacy and his own recollections that I studied speaks of his horrific past yet I do not think that he had spoken all truth. Gacy never owned up to the murders that he had committed even though at the time of his arrest he had confessed to the crime of killing 33 people and burying them.
Empathic understanding remains a fundamental element of the PCT, which is created through interaction with the client through a conditional relationship. The therapist assumes the problem facing the client and lets the client provide help. The system analyses the current thinking process of the client(Prochaska & Norcross, 2007).
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It is really quite important to note that albeit, typologies can be regarded as important assessment, analytical or curative devices, they require extreme caution while being utilised. Moreover, typologies are compatible, due to the fact that several sex offenders display different types of behaviour.
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It is quite important to state that so long as the social implications related with mental disorders occur under the penalizing or moral framework rather than of the therapeutic or medical model, the evaluative verdict will place individuals with mental disorders in penal, rather than therapeutic, detention.
Overall we see a general agreement in various studies of the non-medical interventions as having a positive influence on postpartum depression, but there is still a need for the development of a specific roadmap that has to be taken to deal with it. The subject matter of postpartum depression should be considered separately.
Supervision aims to teach younger professionals how to perform their professional duties better. Extensive research in the field of supervision has led to its own areas of expertise, its own set of theories and models, and its own styles and approach; depending on the type of professional field it is applied.
The evidence also implicated Lee in the murder of forty-one-year-old Connie Warner in 1992 and the disappearance of twenty-year-old Randi Mebruer in 1998. Scrutiny of Lee’s background revealed a series of criminal offenses he had committed, which ranged from peeping into women’s rooms to stalking and infidelity.
The EEG can be used to pick up the electrochemical signals that are occurring in the brain much faster and with greater sensitivity than the blood flow that is detected by the fMRI (Electroencephalography (EEG)). Both of these techniques can be used together to create a high resolution of the processes going on in the brain.
The author of the given paper accentuates that there is no denying the fact that human evolution in an individual and societal sense is far from being complete. With the passage of time, the law will have access to new inputs and information from varied sources including science and the discipline of sociology.
It is important to understand that each theory presents some central ideas and at the same time, each theory of personal counseling has limitations. Conclusively, to be better able to cater to the needs of the client, a counselor must keep his individual personality in mind and use a blend of all different available techniques to achieve the desired results.
Generally speaking, it is essential to state that in regard to weaknesses, Jones and Butman (1991) identified that the intimate connection between theory and therapy in contemporary psychodynamic models could be a fatal weakness, especially for those who aspire to a more objective science of psychology.
Gestalt therapy can be considered as a phenomenological-existential therapy. Gestalt therapy teaches therapists and patients the phenomenological method of awareness, wherein “perceiving, feeling, and acting are distinguished from interpreting and reshuffling preexisting attitudes” (Yontef, 1993.)
2) What ethnic group did they belong to and 3) If either of their parents had been treated by a cardiologist, yes or no. From the 3,000 students, 300 students were then allocated to groups to investigate whether or not family history was associated with increased blood pressure as a response to stress as well as whether public speaking was identified as more stressful than a math test.
Music is a powerful mean for calming agitated minds irrespective of the regional, religious, or gender differences. Music does not have any language and hence all the living things can enjoy music irrespective of fast or slow numbers. Music therapy is found to be most effective in the case of children with autism.
In person centred counseling the focus is on building good interpersonal relationship between the client and the counselor. Through this the client becomes comfortable and sheds all his inhibitions while discussing his problems. As a diploma student I knew what Rogers meant by the person centred approach. I had basic knowledge of how a counselor should deal with the client.
There are physical and psychological burdens that simultaneously affect both the elder family member and the caregiver. “Primary and secondary burdens or stressors also affect the caregiver. Primary burdens are stressors caused directly by the limits of the patient; secondary burdens are stressors caused by the caregiver role”.
Human potentials are limited by cognitive, behavioral and affective inabilities. They way we see tasks, the perceived influence of the environment and context of our activities and our confidence judgment affect our performance in a work environment, in the field of sport (during practice or competition) or exercise, in a classroom and in different areas of endeavor.
In my opinion, I think there is adequate evidence to show that sleep is associated with learning. This is because when a person has a healthy sleep their ability to function and concentrate improves meaning that with an adequate amount of sleep people can become better in making the appropriate judgments.
Attachment or the affectional relationship between mother and baby is considered a crucial determinant of early childhood personality development. Adolescence is a complicated yet critical stage of life during which the maturation of neurobiological processes that control higher cognitive functions and social and emotional behavior occurs.
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Learning a second language involves a high level of dedication and commitment. There are a number of different views on debating whether or not motivation plays a major role in learning a second language. Authors and experts from around the world have argued the same for years now and yet there has not been a clear conclusion on the topic.
An Austrian by nationality, Sigmund Freud was a neurologist who laid foundations of the psychoanalytic school of psychology. He is well known for redefining sexual drive as the primary driving force of human life. Moreover, the clinical practice of solving psychological problems through dialogue between a psychoanalyst and a patient is also one of his discoveries.
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Most of the information is stored in the back of our mind which hits the conscious mind at various points as and when it deems it fit. The unconscious mind embodies what we don’t know and seeks to overpower the conscious mind in a way in its own right. E.g., we use a plethora of skills when driving without even realizing it - this information is known as learning resources.
This paper seeks to critically evaluate the influence of these approaches to learning as well as explore the extent to which they are complementary though they appear to contradict each other. Thus, it is imperative to begin by explaining the meaning of each perspective as a way of gaining a clear understanding of the similarities and differences between them.
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According to Dube, Anda, Whitfield, Brown, Felitti, Dong & Giles (2005), sexual abuse often at times is stated as molestation and it is enforcing sexual behavior which is undesirable by one person on another. In certain circumstances when such force is for a short interval of time or is infrequent and immediate, it is regarded as sexual assault.
It can be seen that client’s poor physical condition is aggravated by his depressed mental state. This depression, symptoms of which he has been exhibiting beyond the normal threshold, is largely attributed to his failure to cope with the death of his sibling. His sister’s death apparently was a highly traumatic experience for him.
Different theorists use different and various theories to divide a person's life into stages of development. One categorized them according to the cognitive development, another according to their moral development, one puts emphasis on the crises of every stage and another on the urges within us which drive us to act one way or another.
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The aim of criminal psychology is to understand the root cause of criminal behavior (Howitt, 2009, p.2). Reaching the roots of the behavior pattern of people who commit a crime can help people involved in the legal system to handle them effectively and reduce the rate of crime by helping those people to modify their behavior patterns.
Based on social construction, the narrative model developed by adopting the post-structuralist perspective of Derrida and Foucault. From a philosophical point of view, the narrative model is categorized as a post-modernist approach in therapy, as it demonstrates socially constructed definitions of developing and resolving issues through therapy.
Ordinary offenders are most frequently encouraged by what their misdeed will give them, such as large sums of money from a bank robbery or another lucrative undertaking. On the other hand, psychopaths usually pilfer objects for which they have no specific use. They may participate in an armed robbery for a small amount of share when they have more money than that (Turvey, 2008).
It is quite essential to state that psychologists have discovered that self-esteem affects one’s memory retrieval about positive and negative information. However, there is no tangible evidence for any memory bias or memory selectivity as a function of self-esteem as no studies have clearly addressed it.