Answers to Questions from the Book Written by McCann Weiten - Assignment Example

Answer multiple choice questions 1. Imagine that you are writing a “persuasive speech” for your public speaking course. Currently, you have two strong and three weak arguments to support your position. Which of the following changes to your speech would be most likely to HURT the overall effect of your speech? 2. Adding another weak argument. (Weiten, p. 719) 2. Klara is mildly mentally retarded. Which of the following would you expect of Klara? 2. She may be generally considered as normal outside a school environment. (Weiten, p. 384) 3. A group of Grade 6 students took a 100-word spelling test in order to qualify for the citywide spelling bee contest. If a child needed to score in the top 20% of applicants to qualify, which one of the following students definitely qualified for the spelling bee? 2. Connor, who placed at the 90th percentile. (Weiten, p. 372) 4. Gianni watches as researcher placed five toy dogs and three toy cats on a table. When the researcher asks Gianni if there more dogs or more animals, Gianni correctly answers more animals. Based on this answer, which of the following operations does Gianni seem to understand? 1. Hierarchical classification. (Weiten, p. 478) 5. Which psychological disorder is characterized by impulsive, callous, manipulative, aggressive, and irresponsible behavior that reflects a failure to accept social norms? 3. Antisocial personality disorder. (Weiten, p. 641) 6. The various approaches to psychotherapy differ in their treatment approach, in part because they have different opinions concerning the factors that contribute to the development of psychological disorders. Which unifying theme in psychology is reflected by this example? 1. Psychology is theoretically diverse. (Weiten, p. 29) 7. Which psychological disorder is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness and despair and a loss of interest in previous sources of pleasure? 4. Major depressive disorder. (Weiten, p. 622) 8. Which of the following is one of the barriers to effective health-care provider-patient communication discussed in your text? 3. Medical visits are generally brief and allow little time for discussion. (Weiten, p. 594) 9. Which of the following represents the MOST accurate description of the type of circumstances that may be stressful? 3. Traumatic events and everyday events. (Weiten, p. 565) 10. Which of the following statements concerning psychological tests is FALSE? 4. Intelligence tests measure a person’s mastery and knowledge of various subjects.( Weiten, p. 371) 11. Which of the following terms is used to describe theories including the concept of M-capacity, which was proposed by Juan Pascal-Leone? 4. neo-Piagetian theory. (Weiten, p. 482) 12. Violent behavior by an individual with a psychological disorder generally receives more attention than nonviolent behavior. What does this lead to? 1. Hindsight balance leads people to predict future episodes of violent behaviour. (Weiten, p. 609) 13. When Gavin’s mother made him a grilled cheese sandwich for lunch, Gavin complained that he wanted two sandwiches because he was super hungry. After his mother cut his sandwich in half, Gavin was satisfied that he would have enough to eat. Which stage of cognitive development is Gavin in? 3. Preoperational. (Weiten, p. 478) 14. What would Walter Mischel focus on in order to explain an individual’ behavior? 4. Situational factors. (Weiten, p. 535) 15. Which of the following diagnoses would be most likely for individuals who have relatively mild symptoms of chronic depression? 1. Dysthymic disorder. (Weiten, p. 623) 16. Which of the following could be defined as a “group”? 1. All members of a university football team. (Weiten, p. 708) 17. Imagine you studied for this psychology exam with two of you classmates. If one classmate, Becky, was very nervous and “stressed out” about the exam, and the other classmate, Craig, thought the exam “wasn’t a big deal,” which of the following explains their differing attitudes? 4. People’s appraisals of stressful situations are highly subjective. (Weiten, p. 565) 18. When a person’s pursuit of a goal is blocked or thwarted, what does the person experience? 1.Frustration (Weiten, p. G-4) 19. Which of the following statements best describes the effect fathers have on the development of their children? 1. The presence of the father is essential to the development of the child. (Weiten, p. 514) 20. Which area of specialization is concerned with how psychological factors relate to the promotion and maintenance of health and with the causation, prevention, and treatment of illness? 4. Health psychology. (Weiten, p. 565) 21. What type of attachment is associated with infants who exhibit little, if any, distress when their mothers leave the room? 3. Avoidant. (Weiten, p. 474) 22. Which of the following does not occur during the final three months of prenatal development? 1. Brain cells multiply at a rapid rate. (Weiten, p. 464) 23. Which of the following statements about high levels of social support is LEAST accurate? 3. They are associated with action oriented, and problem focused coping responses. (Weiten, p. 587) 24. The stress-vulnerability model of schizophrenic and mood disorders emphasizes which unifying theme in psychology? 4. Heredity and environment greatly influence behavior. (Weiten, p. 622-632) 25. In Buss’s study of 10,000 people on sex differences in human mate selection, which of the following differed across cultures? 3. The value placed on female chastity (or lack of previous sexual intercourse) (Weiten, p. 430) 26. Which of the following is more likely to develop in people who have either histrionic personality characteristics, or the trait of neuroticism? 2. Somatoform disorders. (Weiten, p. 619) 27. Aversion therapy would be MOST appropriate for a client wanting to do which of the following? 1. Quit Smoking. (Weiten, p. 671) 28. What is the term for physiological interventions intended to reduce symptoms associated with psychological disorders? 1. Biomedical Therapy. (Weiten, p. 681) 29. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding sexual motivation in humans? 3. Androgen levels influence the sexual levels of both males and females. (Weiten , p. 426) 30. Doris thinks she is in love with her therapist and has begun to respond to him that way. What do psychoanalysis call these feelings and behaviors? 1. Transference. (Weiten, p. 662-663) 31. Which of the following roughly triples a person’s chance of cardiac death? 4. Depression. (Weiten, p. 583) 32. Which of the following is NOT a trait that has been associated with the development of anorexia nervosa? 2. High Self Esteem. (Weiten, p. 649) 33. Which of the following terms is defined as organized clusters of ideas about categories of people? 3. Social Schemas. (Weiten, p. 702) 34. According to current research, what does the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) assess 2. Changes that relate to major life events. (Weiten, p. 568) 35. Which of the following is associated with high-fat diets? 3. Some forms of cancer. (Weiten, p. 590) 36. Your friend’s mother is afraid of squirrels. While she knows squirrels are basically harmless, she cannot control her anxiety when she sees either a real squirrel or a picture of a squirrel. Which of the following is most consistent with these symptoms? 3. Phobic Disorder. (Weiten, p. 613) 37. According to evolutionary theories of attachment, what is the function of various attachment styles? 2. Attachment is a genetically determined process that guides development. (Weiten, p. 712) 38. In what level of awareness (we hope) are the words in this exam question? 1. Conscious. (Weiten, p. 6) 39. According to research on the elaboration likelihood model of attitude change, which route leads to more enduring attitude change and better predicts future behavior? 2. Central. (Weiten, p. 723) 40. Martin Seligman’s learned helplessness theory concerning the etiology of depression emphasizes the role of which of the following? 1. Cognitive factors involving a pessimistic explanatory style. (Weiten, p. 23) 41. Which of the following is made when an individual has a tendency to blame victims for their misfortune, so that the individual feels less likely to be victimized in a similar way? 3. The defensive attribution. (Weiten, p. 709) 42. Which of the following best explains the development of prejudicial attitudes in young children? 3. Observational learning. (Weiten, p. 739) 43. Which of the following is associated with moderating or reducing the effects of stress? 3. Relaxation. (Weiten, p. 598) 44. With regard to the legal defense “not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder,” which of the following is true of the use and success of this defense according to Lumburner and Roesch? 4. It is rarely successful and used only in cases of severely disordered defendants. (Weiten, p. 645) 45. While Barb frequently talks to others about her emotions when in a stressful situation, her husband Mike actively tries to suppress his emotions and does not like to discuss the stress in his life. Compared to Barb, which of the following will Mike most likely exhibit? 4. Decreased immune functioning and increased autonomic arousal. (Weiten, p. 573) 46. Tony is very rigid and inflexible and has serious difficulties in his interactions with his family members and co-workers. If Tony has a psychological disorder, which type is he most likely to be diagnosed with? 1. A mood disorder. (Weiten, p. 610) 47. Which psychologist defines personality as a collection of response tendencies that are tied to various stimulus situations? 4. B. F. Skinner. (Weiten, p. 16) 48. What is attribution? 2. Inferences that people draw about the causes of their own behaviour and the behaviour of others. (Weiten, p. 704) 49. What tends to happen to couples in the empty nest period of married life? 1. They adjust effectively to the transition. (Weiten, p. 500) 50. As a result of the fundamental attribution error, if you observe a construction worker relaxing under a tree, what would you most likely to conclude about that worker? 4. He is lazy. (Weiten, p. 739) 51. In the featured study that examined women’s rating of male attractiveness, which faces did females most attractive for long-term mate potential? 1. Faces of men who were perceived as masculine. (Weiten, p. 429) 52. Which of the following tends to be exhibited by females who were exposed prenatally to abnormally high levels of androgens? 4. More male-typical behaviors than other females. (Weiten, p. 511) 53. Which of the following psychologists contributed significantly to our understanding of the cognitive development of children? 3. Jean Piaget. (Weiten, p. 478) 54. Which of the following is not included in the definition of mental retardation? 3. Caused by an organic condition. (Weiten, p. 383) 55. You are conducting studies on conformity in Canada (a relatively individualistic society) and Japan (a relatively collective society). What pattern do you expect in your result? 2. Greater conformity will be demonstrated in the Japanese sample. (Weiten, p. 725) 56. Roommates Ava and Maryse both woke up today with a headache, upset stomach and muscle stiffness. While Ava was showering for her 9:00 art history class, Maryse rushed off to the university health clinic. Which of the following is more likely of Maryse, compared to Ava? 2. A higher level of anxiety and higher level of neuroticism. (Weiten, p. 593) 57. Which of the following is a disorder in which people alternate between binging and purging? 1. Bulimia nervosa. (Weiten, p. 650) 58. Which of the following occurs when the causes of a person’s behavior are attributed to situational demands and environmental constraints? 3. An external attribution. (Weiten, p. 705) 59. What is lithium? 4. A drug that generally elevates mood in patients with bipolar disorder. (Weiten, p. 677) 60. Which of the following would an elderly individual likely have the most difficulty with? 3. Episodic memory and sensory memory. (Weiten, p. 283) 61. You see on the news that a local high school athlete just received a university scholarship to play basketball while none of his teammates received scholarships. If you believe he received a scholarship due to his outstanding natural ability, what kind of attribution are you making? 2. Internal-stable. (Weiten, p. 705) 62. Which of the following is an important factor in patient nonadherence or non compliance to medical advice? 2. Patients misunderstand the instructions. (Weiten, p. 594) 63. Which of the following is not a common psychological problem that has been shown to be related to chronic stress? 4. Phobias. (Weiten, p. 580) 64. Which of the following does not seem to influence a person’s achievement behavior? 4. The person’s level of affiliation motivation. (Weiten, p. 439 ) 65. Which of the following is described by the general adaption syndrome? 1. Physiological responses to stress. (Weiten, p. 573) 66. Which of the following is not one of the phases of prenatal development? 3. Fertilization Stage. (Weiten, p. 463) 67. Which of the following is not the best predictor of an individual’s future happiness? 2. Financial status. (Weiten, p. 450) 68. Which class of psychological disorders has been associated with the presence of structural abnormalities in the brain that are assumed to reflect deterioration of brain tissue? 2. Schizophrenic. (Weiten, p. 89) 69. Sumandeep has been withdrawn from social contact with others. She spends most of her time alone in her bedroom. She has stopped going to her job and no longer talks to her family on the phone. Additionally, Sumandeep neglects her personal hygiene and rarely bathes, brushes her teeth, or changes clothes. Sumandeep’s behavior best illustrates which symptom of schizophrenia? 4. Deterioration of adaptive behaviour. (Weiten, p. 633) 70. Milgram’s research was criticized as being flawed since subjects in a psychology experiment generally expect to obey the requests of the researcher. Thus, critics thought the results could not be generalized to the real world. How did Milgram respond to this criticism? 4. He argued that his research could be generalized to the real world since in the real world people also generally expect to obey the requests of others in positions of authority. (Weiten, p. 728) 71. What does systematic desensitization involve? 1. Interpreting anxiety-arousing stimuli so they are less anxiety-arousing. (Weiten, p. 669) 72. Which of the following individuals would you predict would be the most likely to have a high status occupation such as being a doctor or lawyer? 6. Naureen, who has an IQ of 105. (Weiten, p. 382) 73. Which of the following has been suggested about parents of children with eating disorders? 2. They are overly involved in their children’s lives. (Weiten, p. 651) 74. What is the most likely diagnosis for a person who often complains of stomach pain, headaches, and dizziness although doctors cannot find anything physically wrong? 2. Somatization disorder. (Weiten, p. 618) 75. What were Erik Erikson’s stages of development associated with? 3. Psychosocial crises. (Weiten, p. 476) 76. A “John Doe” walked into the police station and reported that he had an unusual problem. He could not remember anything about himself, not where he lived or worked or even his name. The police took him to the local hospital where he was evaluated and found to have no physical injuries. Which disorder is most consistent with “John Doe’s” symptoms? 4. Dissociative amnesia. (Weiten, p. 620) 77. Zack is an infant in a research study. The researchers have shown Zack a picture of the same toy over and over again, on a computer screen. If Zack’s response to this procedure is typical, what can you expect? 2. He will habituate to the presentation of the picture, and will become distressed. (Weiten, p. G-4) 78. Kathy has lost 25 pounds recently through dieting. Which of the following theories suggests that she will have difficulty keeping the weight off because her metabolism will have decreased in order to maintain the fat stores in her body? 1. Set-point theory. (Weiten, p. 423) 79. What were two major an unanticipated problems that occurred as a result of deinstitutionalization? 1. A revolving-door population of patients, and the homeless mentally ill. (Weiten, p. 688) 80. According to Sigmund Freud, what is often produced by unresolved unconscious conflicts? 3. Anxiety. (Weiten, p. 10-11) 81. What is the result of public dissatisfaction with the system of public mental hospitals? 4. Community mental health movement of 1960s. (Weiten, p. 657) 82. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the type A personality? 3. Self Control. (Weiten, p. 583) 83. What is the cause of penile erection in men and vaginal lubrication in females? 2. Vasocongestion. (Weiten, p. 436) 84. Which of the following statements concerning psychological disorders is FALSE? 2. People with psychological disorders are often violent and dangerous. (Weiten, p. 609) 85. Which of the following is not typically associated with anorexia nervosa? 3. Serious medical complications such as cardiac arrest. (Weiten, p. 649) 86. Based on interviews with individuals who recovered from heart attacks, what kind of episode frequently occurs prior to the heart attack? 2. Surprise. (Weiten, p. 583) 87. Which of the following seems to be correlated with creativity, based on Ludwig’s study of the biographies of more than 1000 people who achieved creative success? 3. Mood disorders. (Weiten, p. 406) 88. What is person perception? 2. The process of forming impressions of others. (Weiten, p. 700) 89. What is the term that refers to the sequence of age-related changes that occur as a person progresses from conception to death? 3. Development. (Weiten, p. 463) 90. Which of the following is a common fallacy that occurs when a premise and conclusion are simply restatements of each other? 1. Circular reasoning. (Weiten, p. 233) 91. Ron is “normal” and Don is depressed. Which of the following statements is likely FALSE? 4. Don is likely to overestimate the degree to which he controls chance events. Weiten, p. 672) 92. What do behavioral personality theories focus on? 1. An individual’s freedom and potential for growth. (Weiten, p. 446) 93. Rene is very involved in his community and has a strong attitude concerning the mayor of his city. Which of the following statements illustrates the affective component of Rene’s attitude concerning the mayor? 1. He believes the mayor has many important issues to deal with in the upcoming year. (Weiten, p. 716) 94. Which of the following has been demonstrated by research comparing the effectiveness of psychotherapists who received training in a number of different areas (psychology, psychiatry, counselling and social work)? 4. No reliable association exists concerning therapists’ professional training and effectiveness. (Weiten, p. 660) 95. Dr. Leitenen is a personality researcher who focuses on the traits of extraversion, openness, and agreeableness. Which of the following could you say about Dr. Leitenen’s approach? 3. it utilizes a portion of the big five model. (Weiten, p. 521) 96. Forty-seven-year-old Jennifer has recently started tutoring students at the elementary school her own children attended many years ago. She enjoys being around the children and feels a great deal of satisfaction from her tutoring. Which crisis does Jennifer appear to be successfully resolving? 4. Industry versus inferiority. (Weiten, p. 477) 97. Which of the following is not one of the eight types of intelligence described by Howard Gardener? 1. Mechanical. (Weiten, p. 401) 98. According to your text, what is the most important behavior of group members in group therapy? 3. They provide emotional support for each other. (Weiten, p. 666) 99. In the featured study concerning racial stereotypes and test performance, when students believed a test analyzed problem-solving strategies, what happened to the performance of African-American students? 2. It was significantly lower than the performance of white students. (Weiten, p. 395) 100. According to recent data from Statistics Canada, what portion of the people with symptoms consistent with a psychological disorder sought treatment for that disorder? 3. Fewer than half. (Weiten, p. 563) Reference Weiten, McCann. (2010). Psychology: Themes and Variations, Second Canadian Edition/ Canadian Charts. Toronto: Nelson Education. Read More