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Due to its differential effects on the body after consumption, marijuana is classified under different drug categories, as a stimulant, narcotic, hallucinogen, and depressant. According to Powered al. (2014), cannabis is the most frequently used illicit drug worldwide with the initial initiation at the adolescence stage and the peak at early adulthood
Gestalt therapy is a humanistic and experiential form of therapy that was initially intended to substitute traditional forms of psychoanalysis. By humanist, it means that the therapy places emphasis on studying the whole person and his behaviors through a therapist lens and that of the client. By experiential, it means that the therapy places emphasis on studying the whole person’s experiences.
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Arguments have existed from the very beginning concerning the role that participation in contact sports has in influencing the aggression levels among its participants. There is overwhelming evidence supporting increased levels of aggression among people who participate in contact sports. Many reasons are given for these aggressive and anti-social behaviors.
The placebo effect can be defined as the changes that are experienced by a person as a result of them being subjected to some levels of the placebo manipulation. The placebo itself is the procedure or substance which lacks the inherent power of producing a particular effect that is expected or sought (Kelley et al., 2009).
Counselling is a psychological processing activity that involves active listening. Counselling aims at supporting and empowering a client to come up with his/her own solutions. Counselling is actually not providing advice as many people think, but walking through the client’s problems to find a sustainable solution in regards to the issue at hand.
Depression is a mental illness that affects about 20% of Australians. Depression is a leading cause of suicide and disability. Because paramedics are usually the first medical personnel to respond to medical emergencies such as suicide attempts, it is important to have these health providers actively engage in preventing and managing clinical depression.
The client that I was handling in the counseling session was Brenda who had a couple of issues regarding her career and education. Brenda seemed overwhelmed by the happening of things that she was going through in her life. Her family preferred that she got a job first before proceeding with her plans for furthering her education, but she had a lot of doubts regarding the whole deal of securing employment.
Effective counselors understand their own human vulnerability, have a strong knowledge base, have the desire to continue searching, and understand that they often deal with easily influenced and vulnerable people. It has come to my attention that counselors are responsible for the emotional life as well as the death of their clients.
Neuroimaging, according to Bigler (2013), may be described broadly as any two or three-dimensional representation of someone’s central nervous system (CNS), including everything from the spine, the brain as well as the neighboring structures. Essentially, there are numerous techniques that may be utilized so as to generate images of CNS.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have become common prescription drugs in the treatment of most mental disorders. Before the introduction of this category of antidepressants in the 1980s, doctors and psychiatrists relied on tricyclic antidepressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors. The initial treatments did not gain as much popularity as Prozac and other SSRIs.
The role of the entrepreneur is only to identify all parts involved, know how to exactly match them to fit all the resources together. The underlined practically indicates that a “process” is something that can be quite predictable but in the real sense, the nature of entrepreneurial undertaken activities cannot be predicted (Kheng and June 2015).
In further explanation; under the broad concept of Neuroticism comes both Angry-hostility, an NPI trait, and self-consciousness, an NPDS trait. Anger is a clear behavior of the extroverted overt narcissist while self-consciousness is the first reaction of an introverted yet inner narcissist. (Raskin, Hall, 1979).
There are a number of personality theories that have been presented and used to analyze the thoughts and psychology and the emotional status of people. Two of the most compared are the personality theirs instigated by Freud and Skinner. This paper is aimed at doing an in-depth analysis of Freud’s and Skinner’s personality theories.
It is further hypothesized that ordinary human beings would normally think that the parents will always be there no matter what happens, hence if they would somehow deviate from what their parents had told or advised them to do, they will always understand. However, if they will deviate from what is the norm in the environment, they will be alienated and they fear that the most.
The main aim of this essay is to highlight the session I had with a counselor and how the session has impacted me. The session which I had with the counselor was taped and that has helped me to analyze and reviews the conversation in detail. This essay will also cover the feelings that I had before entering the counseling session, during the counseling session.
Hembree EA, Foa EB has stated that there has to be a treatment that has to be meted out based on the language and the culture that has been represented and that means if the patient is bilingual with little knowledge about English, the patient should be given the opportunity for a translator. (Hembree EA, 2000, pp.33-39)
Domestic violence is a topic that has been written by very many authors. Many researchers assert that the average rates of gender violence have escalated since the onset of the nineteenth-century. Socio-economic inequalities, culture, and biological factors have been cited among other factors to be the major contributors to this social problem.
Actually, its definitions and indicators which can be used to measure this quality of life of a person hence his well-being, shows a very high variation ranging from the socio-economic status of the respondents, the levels of contentment to needs and also functional ability, to meaning in life, life satisfaction, to the basic wellbeing and happiness.
The session was between me and a counselor known as Erin Kerr. I was having difficulties relating with a relative of mine and also deciding whether I was doing the right course. In the session, the counselor allowed me to talk about my feelings and occasionally asked questioned or summarised what I was saying.
Schizophrenia is a Greek word that means a split - mind and is a psychiatric diagnosis of a mental disorder that under normal circumstances is characterized by the abnormal perception of reality. Such symptoms start to manifest themselves in young adulthood and around 0.4 percent of the population is affected.
The importance of using psychological interventions especially in CRPS cases derives from the recognition that utility in the management of non-CRPS chronic pain situations as a result of direct interactions between behavioral and psychological factors with pathophysiological mechanisms is underlain CRPS.
Interpersonal Communication is a process involving the transfer of information between individuals of the same or different groups. The two main types of interpersonal communication include verbal and non-verbal types of communication. Interpersonal communication allows interactions between a minimum of two agents sharing a common ground.
Flashbulb memories are very hard to forget. They are determined by a high degree of surprise, haphazard enlightenment, and brevity although a photograph taken with a flashbulb captures everything in its range, flashbulb memories are incomplete to a large extent. These memories are one kind of long-term memories.
Freud introduced the structural model of personality to account for his definition of the human mind. The structural model states that the personality is composed of three elements which are the id, ego, and superego, and the interaction among these three elements results in complex behaviors of humans. . Freud identified the id as the primal instinct of humans present at birth.
Berko (1984) voices that the word communication originates from the word “communism”, which means common. In this case, communication can be referred to as the process of sharing ideas, information, knowledge, feelings with an aim of gaining a common understanding of the usage of the information, intentions, and meaning.
Organizations are susceptible to issues and problems that require various degrees of decision-making. There are also situations that allow the organization to make a wide range of decisions ranging from the most mundane to the most complex in order to gain strategic footing. The ability of the organization to make decisions and solve problems determines its probability of success.
Since the 1960s or possibly even before, gerontologists have been concerned with developing conceptual frameworks to describe the ideal outcomes of the aging process. One of the most popular terms used to portray a good old age is successful aging. Contrary to the ageist stereotypes, and the expectation of decline and loss, late-life can be a positive period in an individual’s lifespan.
The most embarrassing outcome became the fact that one of my colleagues perceived my indecisiveness and to save time, he recommended an alternative method of making the choice. I had failed to respond to the demands of the moment, failed to respond to a situation of urgency, and most importantly failed in the responsibility of leadership.
The organization pays its employees to motivate them and get the best out of them. Different individuals have different ways to get motivated. For example, the efficiency level of certain employees falls when they continue the same work again and again but, when they are temporarily shifted to another job their efficiency increases.
Sleep deprivation ranks the need for sleep, causing motivation towards the fulfillment of sleep. When the desire to sleep is accomplished, people are motivated towards other things such as growth, socialization and existence. This perspective fails to group sleep in a particular priority; therefore, studying sleep deprivation under this perspective becomes a challenge.
Bandura further came up with the concept of reciprocal determinism. The concept postulates the interconnectivity of behaviour, cognitive and personal factors. He argues that the acquisition of behaviour relied heavily on forethought. This is a situation whereby an individual acquaints him/herself on the consequences of the behaviour.
The real self is who people become after realizing self-actualization while the ideal self is what they are at the time as is accepted and expected by society. He further goes on to describe hidden personality as the person one could be if the restrictions on them by the society were stripped (Hjelle & Ziegler, 1992).
People with schizophrenia usually have a difficulty in socializing with others and therefore, self-help in a support group should not be used as the initial choice of treatment. Self-help in a support group should be used as the patient goes further into treatment helping the patient to trace their tracks back to their social life.
The three models have different approaches to the client’s problem. In CBT, the source of the problem is viewed as coming from how the client handles situations. The problem is seen as originating from within the individual. In family therapy, the problem originated from the relationships that an individual has with his family.
The factors that were associated with misdiagnosis included the unilateral arm tremor, the spooning of the hands of the patient and other corresponding dystonic postures and other observed unusual features. Therefore, in conclusion, about one in three people suffering from tremors was misdiagnosed in the process as having essential tremor.
The tight rules of confidentiality in these programs give the employees’ confidence to discuss their problems with counselors that are qualified to defuse problems that could be potentially damaging early enough before they become difficult. Bullies should also be counseled and their counseling should not be taken for granted.
The motivational explanation does recognize those patterns of emotions, subjective feelings, experiences and the behaviors that are responsible for the vandalism (Bandura, 1973). These behaviors include desperation, fear, frustration, hate, anger, disappointment, risk-taking, arousal, excitement, enjoyment, boredom, vindictiveness and jealousy.
Tsuang, Tohen, & Jones (2011) indicate that DSM has an uncertain future gave that it is organized based on, operationalized sets of categorical criteria based on signs and symptoms from clinical observations and research but not on the pathogenesis of disorders. Its assemblage results from arbitrary committee evidence rather than scientific evidence.
June seemed to have adopted an integrative theoretical approach. Basically, she seemed to employ Gerard Egan’s (2010) ideas as he presents them in ‘The skilled Helper, 9th Edition’. She aimed at making me comfortable and allowing me to tell my story like I would when chatting with a friend (Gerard Egan2010).
In linking the ideas I have about working with Joseph Ticehurst, and helping clients to realize their dreams to the theory discussed in class, I may be required to work with clients facing complex problems. The busyness of the organization will enhance my adoption of tasks to focus on what to do to assist my clients.
Neurobiological context model, these individuals would have a greater imbalance between the cortical and the -subcortical control. These findings are also in line with the clinical findings which suggest that there is a decrease in prefrontal activities and are more likely to have substance use disorder as compared to the healthy controls.
Mayne, Norcross & Sayette, (2000) have defined empathy as the counselor’s desire and efforts to understand the client from the client’s internal frame of reference rather than from an external point of view. Being empathetic has enabled me to get to the inside of my client or children’s feelings and thoughts.
N number of researches have demonstrated no gender difference in the link between sleep deprivation and overweight. It has been proposed that girls can be more resistant to environmental stressors and hence require better short sleep duration so as to be influenced as compared to boys (Knutson, 2005).
This is due to chronic grief following a stressful situation or event of a catastrophic and threatening nature. Stress results from social adversity and trauma. Herrman, Maj, & Sartorius (2009) argue that when emotional responses are triggered with reasoning biases unusual experiences result. Patients sometimes can exhibit hallucinations and delusions.
Many studies have been done on this topic in which researchers have come up with conflicting findings. Many of them agree that bullying has mental effects on people while others claim that these effects could be having other causes. Cases of bullying are on the rise and therefore, their mental effects on adolescents must be investigated.
Theory of mind can be best defined as the ability for an individual to characterize the mental states - of desire, intentions, knowledge, and pretense to himself and others and understands that other people have intentions, desires, and beliefs that may be entirely different from one’s own. ToM is the most critical development in early childhood social cognition.
The most affected though are the children in the affected families. Psychologists have studied the effects of HIV/AIDS and it is vivid that this epidemic has negative impacts on society. The effects have more pronunciation in developing countries than they are in developed countries. The effects are also different in different age groups.
Smillie and Pickering, (2006) on the other hand reveal that recent modifications of Gray’s model of anxiety have been devised through the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory RST theory. According to Smillie and Pickering, (2006) the application of RST as applied to the concept of personality, stresses the significance of differentiating anxiety from fear.
Many students tell they had mixed emotions when they started their placement, but they were glad they did it because of the experience they received from it. A practice placement enables one to apply knowledge and key skills acquired from the course (Shardlow & Shardlow, 2002). It also discusses practice principles s/he intends to apply in the placement.
Mike may be extremely angry or refuse to respond to questions that touch on these areas of his life. When the therapist went to see Mike at the detention center, he was spitting on the floor and refused to stop. This is an instance of an impasse because Mike is not changing his behavior or getting better.