Chemistry Essays

Carbon Monoxide is a poisonous chemical. Its use in the manufacture of different products cannot be ignored. At the same time, the health hazards related to it must also not be ignored. It is the moral duty of every employer to ensure the maximum safety of his workers. The workers must also follow all the necessary steps to avoid any accidents. 

Dr. Roland Collicott explained in Analytical chemistry as it is the study of the separation, identification, and quantification of the chemical components of natural and artificial materials. It plays a significant role in the development of a new drug by assuring the quality of the raw materials used ascertaining the safety of new agents.

Production of the most highly purified crystalline products from the entire system process to meet industrial needs. Moreover, safe disposal of the industrial waste product stream without causing harm to personnel within the industry or in the neighbourhood through concentration and or best methods available. 

The results bear notable accuracy and precision. Similarly, Molecular Spectroscopy – Colorimetric assay, the results also are linear despite the fact that they do not possess a high degree of accuracy. On the other hand, both REDOX and cation Exchange chromatography represents results with a low degree of linearity. 

Sulfur Dioxide: It is used for purification of sugar and petroleum. It is used as a disinfectant and preservative. It is also used as a bleaching agent for wool and silk. It is used for making sulfuric acid which is an important chemical reagent. It is also used as a solvent for many chemical reagents.

The paper will give a description of the critical infrastructure sector that is an asset or a system that maintains a vital function of a society. As a component of critical infrastructure, a chemical facility is an asset of the system. The chemical sector has vulnerabilities that threaten if functions and production. Those vulnerabilities will be discussed in this paper.

Štulík & Zýka in their definition gives more emphasis on the multidisciplinary nature of analytical science in their conceptualization. According to them, analytical chemistry entails application and experimentation in the discipline of natural science. They note that the discipline is not only anchored on chemistry, but also physics, biology, information theory, and other fields of technology.

The carbonyl group in HCHO is least crowded in the transition state and is more open to attack. So, the reactivity of HCHO is highest during nucleophilic addition. An extra methyl group in acetaldehyde increases crowding in the transition state. The carbonyl group here is not as susceptible to attack as in HCHO. 

Chlorine, Hydrochloric Acid, and Sodium Hydroxide are the most dangerous chemicals in the WTP. Hydrochloric acid (HCl), in itself, is a strong acid that has a concentration of up to 35 %. This, therefore, means that it should be handled with a lot of care since it can cause severe skin burns as well as cause damage to metallic materials. 

Early exploration of gas and oils looked into finding the conventional reservoirs that allowed the hydrocarbons to flow naturally and with ease to the surface. A prolonged period of oil and gas exploration has forced new discoveries of pressure form of simulation to provide sufficient hydrocarbon as the conventional reservoirs got depleted.

The explosion is a combustion ignition that goes with a deafening noise. After a period of ignition, the burning is in front of a flame that swells out from the point of ignition. The gas-dynamic processes start during the period of induction of an elevated energy supercritical thermal explosion in a gas that is reactive and contained between two plates that are infinitely parallel.

This test is used in identifying the glass type to which the two samples of glass belong to. From table 4 the mean values of the different compositions of glass in each glass type have been given. From the table, it can be observed that the milk bottle has the highest value of Na2O with a value of 16.33 while the least was 5.8325which was recorded in pyrex utensil.

When shopping, you will come across several milk alternatives, which for a while, now have been available in the market. However, cow milk is still the basic option for many families all over the world.

It was concluded that vitamin B12 is required for the production of the red blood corpuscles and the lack of this vitamin leads to anemia at all ages. By providing B12 artificially to the patients suffering from anemia, the increase in the RBC count was found after 4 weeks which concludes that Vitamin B12 is essential for the human body.

The Company’s discharge is likely to affect the wildlife in the river. Accidents during transportation of the gas may pollute the environment. Likewise, uncontrollable environmental risks are mostly fatal which may lead to loss of life of the company’s laborers or physical property. Gas leaking from the tanks also contributes to air pollution.

Electrophoresis provided a visual means to understand the mechanism of action of mitoxantrone. The results using SDS-PAGE and agarose gel electrophoresis show that the action of mitoxantrone is to associate with both histones and DNA. This is very clear because the increasing the dosage of mitoxantrone results in the decrease of the amount of DNA and histones in solution.

The consumption of soured milk preparations is widespread as it is associated with having therapeutic values. These are known by different names in different parts of the world. Normally Streptococcus, Lactobacilli and Saccharomyces species are used in starter cultures. The products like yoghurt, curd, kefir etc. come into this category.

The author states that zymology is the science of fermentation and the study of fermentation techniques and principles. The term "fermentation" is sometimes used to specifically refer to the chemical conversion of sugars into ethanol, a process that is used to produce alcoholic beverages such as wine, beer, and cider.

Filtering, distillation, evaporation, handpicking, chromatography, and crystallization are examples of methods used to separate chemicals and mixtures. Sometimes it is difficult to separate certain chemicals from a mixture. Reactive separation is beneficial in these circumstances, where a compound could be reacted to form a different compound that its chemicals can be easily separated.

Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) is Methyl ester of methacrylic acid (methyl-2-methyl-2-propenoate). Chemical Formula of Methyl Methacrylate is CH2:C(CH3)COOCH3 with the empirical formula C5H8O2. Its CAS No. is 80-62-6 and the molecular weight is 100.12. Methyl Methacrylate is a colourless, acrid fruity odour volatile liquid with relatively high vapour pressure (4 kPa at 20°C.

Generally, authorization should be granted if a given manufacturer can demonstrate that the risks from the use of the chemical can be adequately controlled or if a threshold might be determined for the chemical and if not the manufacturer must demonstrate that its socio-economic benefits outweigh the risks.

Gene regulation by RNA interference (RNAi), the process of modulating RNA level by small interfering RNA (siRNA), has provided investigators a tool to turn off genes at will. Cellular genes involved in human diseases, thus, can be targeted and silenced by the exogenous introduction of siRNA or by the introduction of gene constructs expressing short hairpin RNA (shRNA).

The metal binding property of PrP is being investigated in this paper along with the techniques that are associated with the prion for metal binding. Copper binds to the octameric repeat regions which allow the binding of 4 atoms of copper and one more site of binding was found later in the N-terminus where two histidine residues present could make this a high-affinity site (Davies, 2008).

Iodine deficiency leads to cognitive function during childhood. Studies that have been carried out by various scientist shows, for example, moderate iodine deficiency specifically in children led to a great reduction in IQ by almost 12 to 13.5 points. Iodine supplementation and especially for children who stay in areas with iodine deficiency seems to be affected both physically and mentally.

These steps ensure that the project is run smoothly, and the resources are exploited optimally without leaving important project elements. Therefore, this research report will implement project management techniques in introducing a new product. In the purview of this, a new table design shall be considered.

It may lead to either stimulation or inhibition of an enzyme’s activity. The molecules that by nature regulate enzyme activity within a cell act as reversible non-competitive inhibitors. Such regulatory molecules alter the shape of an enzyme and the functioning of the enzyme’s active site by binding to another site on the molecule through non-covalent interactions.

However, such environmental disasters occur when the capacity of the environment to absorb such pollutants is exceeded. Apart from observing the environmental problems that occur in any given area such as flooding, species extinction, environmental analysis involves an investigation of the principal causes of such events and proposing recommendations to ensure that such events do not recur.

But high intake of sodium leads to high blood pressure in some people or a serious build-up of fluid in people that result in cardiovascular disease, congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, or kidney disease. Potassium is critical to heart function and plays a major role in skeletal and smooth muscle contraction which makes it essential for normal digestive and muscular function.

A good calibration curve should have an R-squared value greater than 0.97; therefore our curves were within the required range. The results of emission intensity fluctuated at times, but the sources of error mainly revolve around the photometer. Emission intensity fluctuation in the photometer reading was an area of concern.

The phyllomanganate family of minerals are considered similar to expandable smectites (phyllosilicates) and are deliberated as microporous solids. As phyllosilicates,  a phyllomanganate family of minerals can be interpolated with a range of both inorganic and organic compounds to develop pillared structures or multilayer nanocomposites.

During natural calamities and manmade disasters, the quality of air can influence the success of the efforts of first responders at the scene of the event. Personal protective equipment serves to protect the individual acting as a first responder by ensuring that such an individual would act to perform rescue activities while at the same time guarding against injuring oneself in the process.

Hernandez-Rivera (2007) stated that the government and other involved bodies could counter all the different terrorist attacks by the use of diversified forms of chemical detection capability in those particular areas. Additionally, the food and water are highly exposed to chemical warfare agents (CWAs) that are mostly targeting military personnel and other installations.

The level of reducing amino acids in a protein will directly be proportional to the level of absorbance values for that protein (Yalamati, Bhongir, Karra & Beedu, 2015). Despite this difference, the BCA Assay technique is quite important when monitoring changes in the level of proteins and in particular when undertaking protein purification.

The paper “Carbon Capture and Storage” is a good example of the literature review on chemistry. In a generic sense, carbon capture and storage (CCS) or sometimes referred to as carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) can be perceived as the long-term isolation of anthropogenic sources of carbon dioxide (CO2) which are long-term in nature from the atmosphere.

The thermal explosion in a vessel with cold walls first involves the following, reduction in the temperature of the gaseous mixture in the vessel due to thermal conduction to the cold walls of the vessel. This happens so that we obtain a temperature that is the same for both the vessel walls and the gaseous mixture.

The proton quantity of every type present in a pure sample’s spectrum may be directly acquired from every multiplet’s integral. This basically takes place when there is proper separation of the multiplets, with no overlapping of the solvent or remaining water signals. The molecule should not also be going through a gradual conformational exchange.

This is the state in which intermolecular forces of attraction are responsible for keeping close together but not fixed together as in solids. This means that the molecules in liquids are freer to move around as compared to solids. In gases, intermolecular forces of attraction in gases are considered the least since molecules are free to move away from each other as compared to both liquids and solids.

The wide range of later developed HALS with more specific durable light stabilising ability in polymers and surface materials has led to specific HALS products being used for different applications. The first-generation HALS still remains the most suitable answer for the light stabilisation of thick section polyethylene.

Basically, thermal explosion means the “sudden inflammation of a uniformly heated mass” of substance (Zukas Walters and Walters 176). It is further defined as the rapid heat release that is associated with self-acceleration and often manifested through its destructive outcomes (Griffiths and Barnard 3; Glassman and Yetter 261).

In detonations, there is usually a lot of pressure when compared to that in deflagrations. Detonations are highly associated with dust suspensions, gases, and even droplet fogs. In this case, the gases consist of mixtures that are below the limits of flammability. That is a mixture of oxidants of composition and fuel. 

At the stoichiometric proportion, the energy to ignite the mixture will be the lowest. The minimum ignition temperature is lowest at the stoichiometric concentration. Fire is a self-sustaining reaction. Once the chemical reaction begins, it can provide enough energy to continue the reaction between the fuel and oxidizer.

The thermal explosion is a rapid increase in the volume and release of energy and heat in an extreme manner usually associated with the generation of high temperature. Gases are also released during the explosion into the surroundings with adverse effects on the system and on the rate of the reaction.

Heat is the energy contained in a substance and measures the motion of the molecules that makes up that substance. In cold walls, the molecules move very lower though it still heats. Cold walls normally have low heat content and the temperature is slower. For the cold walls of a vessel to gain heat, heat moves from a warm object.

The purpose of the International Standard for Laboratories (ISL) is to ensure the production of valid test results and to achieve a uniform and harmonized results and reporting from all accredited laboratories. Anabolic steroids are still the most often reported doping agents, as it has been the case every year since the beginning of the 1990s. 

Several procedures must be accomplished by a forensic odontologist to carry out a dental examination of the remains of an unknown person during post mortem examination. Results will be compared to the antemortem dental data of the individual under investigation. Photography, radiography, jaw resection, and dental impressions are necessary procedures.

This is a scenario that has drawn great interest to meet environmental regulations in non-flame retarded polymers. This experimental report has the objective of explaining why quantitative analysis using cone calorimeter remains elusive and to understand how materials fail or pass specific Heat release ratings.

The pRb undergoes degradation through the proteasome-dependent pathways and any inactivation of the pRb results in the development of human malignancies. Understanding the Retinoblastoma protein structural and functional analysis has given an imminent knowledge in Rb N mutation oncogenicity and further categorizes protein distinctive phosphorylation regulated site.

The capacity of this vessel is the same as the main mixing tank and these tanks are generally more in number. The bottom valve in this cylinder is provided with din fittings to enable pipeline connection. When the production of one batch of shampoo is complete, the vessels are cleaned with hot water at a temperature of 800 C.

The author of the paper states that the limiting requirements of the process involve a number of risks and challenges that form the constraints for the process. These constraints are analyzed to determine their impact on the process of producing skim milk under two broad headings: Internal constraints External constraints

Extracting smoke from the fire compartment as a part of operational fire fighting would be most beneficial, but it always poses some risks when initiated during the fire. In some cases, the smoke ventilation is advantageous: the hot gases are removed from the fire enclosure, the visibility improves and the enclosure cools down.