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The studied plants showed high nodulation percentages and nitrogenase activities (average 2.05 µmol C2H4 plant-1 h-1) at two different habitats. The highest values of protein content were recorded in plants collected from salt-affected soil. The nodulation percentage varied among individuals collected from different habitats.
Today, asthma is a popular chronic disease among children. One in three individuals in the UK is affected by allergies with the children being the most vulnerable ones to allergic diseases. The occurrence of allergic diseases is at an alarming rate with many individuals from developed countries having an allergic condition.
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Although being a protective strategy, aposematic coloration does not ensure the survivorship of an individual. As its effectiveness relies on the conditioning of the predator and that requires the predator to once encounter such an insect that may provide an awful experience due to aposematism.
Spacer elements are suggested to have occurred due to past exposure of bacteriophages or any other extra-chromosomal DNA. CRISPRs structures are often associated with a cluster of genes called CAS genes. These genes have been isolated from many bacterial species such as Streptococcus SPP.
Artificial coral reefs are rapidly colonized with a comparable population of fishes and benthic communities. In certain cases a higher species richness, as well as abundance, has also been reported for artificial coral reefs; thereby greatly enhancing the biomass and promoting fisheries stock in regions where it was formerly absent. But the evidence remains inconclusive.
To be noted is that these disorders may not or may be heritable i.e. passed through human genes. In the non-heritable genetic types, these defects can be caused through new changes or mutations to an affected individual’s DNA. In such case scenarios, the defects present are only heritable in the event of occurrence through the human germline.
Hormones are chemical substances that are secreted by specific organs and act on target organs. They are regulatory. The explanation for the correct answer: The absence of ducts. Endocrine glands secrete hormones into the blood. Ducts are delivery systems that are used to transport substances in the body (Olubummo, 2010).
When the ADP and Pi stores are somewhat present it binds to the loose site of the ATP synthase molecule and as Hydrogen ions start entering the inner mitochondria through the ATP synthase half proton channels the ADP and Pi bound to the loose site now becomes placed on the Tight site where the free energy of electron transport chain translates to the synthesis of ATP.
The evolution connection between ape and man is not a missing link nor is it a direct link as earlier popularized. Darwin’s evolution was specific in his words that the relationship of modern humans to the present anthropoid primates (e.g., chimpanzees) is through common ancestors rather than through direct descent.
Samples that contained the target gene were subcloned for future sequencing in the polymerase chain reactions. The sub-cloned samples were loaded in the 96 wells of the PCR plate and the original primers for the first screening used (Ciccarelli, and Miklods, 2009).
This technology is mainly aimed at the universal detection of metabolites (metabolomics) mRNA (transcriptomics) genes (genomics), and proteins (proteomics) in a specific biological sample in a non-biased and. non-targeted manner. It is also known as high-dimensional biology; the integration of these techniques is referred to as systems biology.
This means the gel was bad and it is recommended that the experiment to be run again. By definition, proteome is the entire protein complement that includes the modifications made to a give set of proteins by a cellular system or an
Another concept of evolution is that the main determinant of the course of evolution is natural selection. Natural selection involves competition among living organisms; some organisms have features that make them superior in terms of adaptation, survival and extinction, the inheritance of heritable traits, and reproduction.
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Hailey and Hailey disease is also known as familial benign pemphigus. It is an autosomal dominant disorder with incomplete penetrance. Two-third of the patients with the disease have a family history of the disorder. This gene is responsible for controlling the concentrations of calcium ions in the Golgi apparatus and cytoplasm.
Industries have increased their production of goods and services in a bid to meet the increased demand for their products. The food industry, in particular, has experienced massive pressure to cater to the extremely high food demand. The agricultural sector has not been able to produce enough food due to adverse climatic conditions.
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The polar bear is one of the animal species that have been significantly negatively affected by the effects of climate change hence calling for a quicker human intervention in order to eliminate the problem. This research proposal will focus on the effects of climate change on the abundance of polar bears in the artic.
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The researchers were very open in that they recognized the sponsors of the study and whoever provided with any form of assistance may it be materials. He acknowledged the European Union that provided with the funding otherwise it would not have been a success. Some of the authors fail to recognize important persons who funded them in running their projects besides other forms of help.
The findings indicate that there is a significant difference (P>0.05) in the numbers of organisms isolated using either an air sampler or leaving a plate open for a similar period of time. Fungi are among microorganisms that cause diseases of Vaccinium corymbosum L (highbush blueberry) (Allan, Hadwiger, 1979).
Examples include glucose, maltose, and starch respectively. Chains of monosaccharide yield disaccharides and polysaccharides. A monosaccharide will have a general formula (CnH2nOn) (Helen 8-29). Proteins are made up of long chains of amino acids.
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The term coloration as is applied in biological studies refers to the visual appearance that is observed with regard to the color variations and the arrangement of colors. Reptiles, just as mammals have their skins exemplify certain similar traits to the mammals and other traits are different. Particularly, the skin of reptiles is comprised of two layers; dermis and the epidermis.
This discussion will be focused on explicating the results of a laboratory experiment to determine the contamination of food products with other external contaminants. The PCR experiment will specifically entail identifying whether or not the claims made in regard to the foreign materials contained in these food products are true.
The initiative developed by Fossey of establishing the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund has aided immensely in the protection of the gorillas as well as facilitating research. Before the establishment of this fund, she had developed the Digit Fund. This was a fund established to control poaching and enhance the conservation of gorillas.
The author of the paper argues in a well-organized manner that the DNA ordering is represented by the double helix. These nucleotides are classified into one of four types represented each by a letter. Those four nucleotide types are guanine, thymine, adenine, and cytosine, or G, T, A, and C respectively.
This was a small value which indicated that the concentration values obtained by the class had a small variation among them. This may have been because the conditions for the experiment were the same with small variations among them. As for my part, accurate pipetting meant that my results were more accurate than the rest.
The Central Nervous System (CNS) is protected by the cranium and the vertebral column and consists of the brain and the spinal cord. The brain integrates sensory information and coordinates body functions while the spinal cord enables the transmission of signals between the brain and the rest of the body.
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The Blue-faced honeyeater lives in a different location which includes sclerophyll forests, rainforests, mangroves, open woodland, gardens, golf courses, parks and can also be found in urban areas. The social behavior of these species still requires further research as it has not been an area of central focus among ethologists.
The paper bases the stated explanations on experiments conducted in two different environments with a reflection of Gause's 1934 experiments. In addition, this report explores Yoda’s Law on self-thinning concepts and its implication to competitive exclusion in a given natural environment.
Within medicine, the study and use of human materials are implicit since there is no possible way to avoid research on humans. A framework that balances the aspirations and needs of this should be built to help in decision making upon the bodies that should be used for therapeutic purposes or those to be used for conducting research.
rdless of the medium through which molecules are allowed to migrate, all electrophoretic separations depend upon the charge distribution of the molecules being separated. 1 Electrophoresis can be one dimensional (i.e. one plane of separation) or two dimensional. One dimensional
The government has created laws that require policing of the removal of mangroves, and conservation efforts are part of preserving the nature of the region. Although there is a movement to conserve the natural ecosystem, the human intrusion has been a real problem and the challenges of the future will show whether or not conservation can be achieved.
There are many reasons that have been forwarded as to why the milk should not be consumed. Denaturation of proteins and the destruction of amino acids and enzymes in the body, consequently leading to more adverse effects in the body is one reason cited.
Since obesity is mainly caused by the intake of unhealthy foods and having a sedentary lifestyle, then it is hypothesized that reducing the intake of unhealthy foods and increasing the activity of one’s lifestyle can actually remedy this serious health condition. Obesity occurs in both high-income and low-income countries alike.
The marine reptiles that lived in the Mesozoic period had unique characteristics that have prompted modern research on the existing fossils in a bid to understand the different adaptations of the organisms. As highlighted above, three main groups, namely the sauropterygia, ichthyopterygia, and mosasuridae have formed the core of recent research on these organisms.
The HIV-2 is less pathogenic in humans and its cases have been reported in Western Africa and India. HIV-2 replicates and forms persistent viraemia when introduced into yellow baboons. A recent report showed that three of five baboons infected with HIV-2 had a low CD4 cell count and a pathology similar to AIDS.
Antibacterial resistance is one of the selective markers that are used to select for transformation. This practical aimed at determining the antibiotic resistance conferred on four E. coli strains (PAV35, PRRK, MTL84422, and DH5 ἀ) that harbored two plasmids with foreign DNA inserts (white and blue plasmids).
It is a tube made up of ringed cartilages known as hyaline at sides and front to keep it open always. The ringed cartilages are not complete at the back because of the position of the esophagus to allow expansion of the esophagus during swallowing food. The inner membrane known as the mucosa is covered in tinny hairs called cilia and consists of mucus.
In addition, the mtDNA that was attained from the European population showed to have some recent origins. There was also a study that illustrated that the direct genetic pool of modern humans was not from Neanderthals. The results of this DNA analysis were accompanied by numerous questions including the credibility of the test.
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This plant usually forms long patches, which help fishermen in eliminating predators to fish successfully. According to Durham (2013), this plant forms small patches, especially in undersea. These small-scale patches measured a few millimeters.
The excitement with this development was that doctors had come up with an ideal way to treat various human diseases while the controversy was based on the ethical implications of destroying human embryos in the name of cure. This gave rise to debate by political leaders on the necessary steps and regulations that were supposed to be followed in funding stem cell research.
The need for proteins of significant importance, such as insulin, human growth factor, somatostatin, albumin, and heparin and virus antigens in emerging medical therapies has prompted the development of procedures of production in high quantities. The understanding of gene expression in different cells has been a major benchmark in the production of these proteins.
Open book fractures are caused by the application of a heavy force at the pubis (groin) area. This type of injury is characterized by the separation of the right and the left halves of the pelvis, at the rear and the front: the opening at the front is usually bigger than that at the rear, making the area appear like an open book. This injury is common among the victims of motorcycle accidents.
Before these breakthroughs, the process of identifying various people involved in various disastrous events such as burning, rot/ decay, etc. has been an uneasy task to many. These complications have brought in a lot of confusion and disputes among various people of the world. The scientific applications have been the most preferred methods.
The study of human genetics has been greatly facilitated by the completion of the human genome project, highlighting that humans have about 30,000 genes. The human genome project would help in the unraveling of various genetic mysteries associated with diseases and the transmission of the diseases. Human diseases can be divided broadly into three categories.
Individual genes contain directions for specialized protein production in human cells, and these include production instructions for proteins of the structure as well as enzymes. The human genome itself is made up of gene pairs in the tens of thousands. With an individual being the inheritor to a gene from each of a person's parents.
It is clear that various forms of cancer have affected humans in several ways. Some cancers affect all ages as well as gender. However, prostate cancer has shown to increase virulence depending on age. In fact, it is most common for individuals above the age of 45 to be affected. Moreover, the chances of recovery from treatment reduce with age.
However, teenage athletes require even more calories to support their increased activity. In the food menu above we have catered for high energy requirements by giving high portions of whole grains that are rich in energy and fiber. They included whole grains, pasta, bread, and spaghetti.
Starting from around 2000 hours, our brains are exhausted and full of so many ideas. A tired brain will always have problems in remembering and connecting ideas. That is the nights before sleep we have little concentrations and takes a lot of time to solve a simple thing as the mathematical test (Cooper 13).
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The growth of molds is mainly supported by the presence of water or moisture. Molds could have adverse effects on humans and animals hence the need for care to prevent their growth, and adopt appropriate eradication approaches when they grow. The worst bit is that it has adverse health effects on anyone who comes into contact with it.
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Several different concentrations were assayed to determine the effect of enzyme concentration after which dilutions of 1x, 2x, 4x, 6x, 8x, 10x, and 20x were prepared in spectrophotometer tubes and 1 ml 40mM guaiacol added before mixing the content immediately.
The head is said to be polar while the tail is non-polar. The characteristic is essential in the function of the cell membrane (NCBI 1). The character helps the lipid to show selective permeability. Moreover, the head is exposed to outside while the tail is sandwiched inside the membrane. On the other hand, the molecules are able to move laterally in the membrane.