Law Essays

In the pursuit of undertaking business or trade, several transactions and activities take place. These activities have to be governed by law and in most cases it is the law of contracts that governs and protects the terms and conditions that are agreed upon in the contract. For a contract to be valid certain terms have to be met by law. 

In the development of ethical decision-making, there are various stages. They include pro-conventional, conventional, and the post-conventional stages (Coon, 1986). These stages were invented by a researcher named Lawrence Kohlberg. According to Kohlberg, these three ethical decision-making stages are critical in all religions (Coon, 1986).

A defendant could also use the defense of deliberate assumption of risk, which means that the claimant deliberately and freely assumed the probable risk usually connected with a particular activity. For example, investing money in pyramid schemes where there are risks of losing money or gaining more money.

That the bioethics committees play an important role in the administration of healthcare services is also confirmed by the decisions and recommendations that these committees make. The gravity of the roles discharged by bioethics committees was best grasped by attending a meeting that was chaired and attended by a local hospital’s bioethics committee and an interview that involved the chairman of the bioethics committee.

Despite the United States being known as a country where racial discrimination is abhorred and any form of hate crime is penalized, racial profiling remains to be a prevalent practice by agents of the state. Indeed, it has been increasingly common in light of the perceived threats to the population by Islamic terrorists.

The judicial system is crucial in a country as it facilitates the application of justice in the society, and it helps punish the law breakers. Verdicts passed by the jury, or the judge over a criminal activity should be consistent with the applicable elements of the law with regard to the offense committed by the culprit.

The author states that one of the major issues that police forces is the complaints relating to incidents of police brutality, which are in fact hindering them from honestly performing a professional and fair enforcement of their duties. He claims that police officers need to be bestowed with more powers depending on the circumstances of the crime.

Hopwood delivered the first trial on the basis for affirmative action in higher education since the early 1970s. He delivered a comprehensive appellate opinion of exceptional breadth, excluding of race within admissions. Hopwood v. Texas represents the first successful legal challenge to a university’s affirmative action policy.

There is a wide scale increase in extrajudicial killings and violation of property rights and the reluctance of the domestic government can be attributed to the same. The judicial decisions in the recent cases are showing positive signs of relief for the human rights victims which can be said to be a positive dimension.

In terms of dollars, it has been a failure, both because of the amount of money spent on the drug war, and for the amount of money lost through not having the drugs legalized and taxed accordingly. That it has been a failure has been acknowledged by top levels of the United States government, as the drug czar has candidly stated that the war has not been successful. There is very little evidence that would state otherwise. This essay will state why the drug war has been a failure.

Individuals with high self-efficacy are likely to focus, more on their ability and intention to perform an action than the benefits they will accrue form it, ergo, they will challenge themselves and test their limits of their personal abilities to the farthest they can (Cherry, n.d.).

An IP rights holder may be from a member state within the E.U or from outside the E.U. member state.  This paper examines the rights of the IP holders and buyers trading in the EU and various principles involved in the light of IPR protection a holder is entitled to as a reward for dedication of his resources and efforts towards the development of his product with quality.

All the levels of law enforcement are organized in such a manner so that the needs of the citizens of the US can be satisfied. These organizations tend to operate independently and they even join hands together in order to attain various aims and objectives.

This paper discusses terrorism as one of the most challenging issues in terms of security globally. In essence, it articulates the ways in which terrorism could be combated without necessarily having to involve the military.  Moreover, it expounds more on the challenges that are associated with these ways, over and above, examples of real-life conflict solved without military engagement situations have been incorporated.

In the earlier decision, Bowers v Hardwick of 1986, the court upheld the constitutionality of a Georgia law that criminalized anal and oral sex even between consenting adults in the privacy of their home. This ruling was overturned in the 2003 Lawrence V Texas ruling which basically asserted the rights of the individual to privacy and struck down sodomy laws in 13 states and made same-sex activity legal in the US.

The author states that nationalism happens to be the main base of the fascism. The fascists believed that a nation is a single organic entity that binds the people together by the natural unifying force of the people.  Fascism looks to solve the economic, social and political problems through the achievement of the national rebirth.

The case study assumes that Hartly is interested in purchasing a new car. He visits a dealer, core to their negotiation is engine specification, and he specifies reasons for his particular choice over an alternative. The parties are however oblivious to the fact that the manufacturer no longer produces the alternatives.

Procedural law on the other hand provides the mechanism through which the enforcement of the duties and rights would be realized. The procedural law therefore comprises of rules to be adhered to by a court while hearing and determining criminal as well as civil cases.

It does not only affect the individual who is involved in the incident but also affects the victims of the crime and their families. The largest risk factor associated with juvenile crime is the omission of his or her family life and the tendency to increase violence in their future life. The absence of proper education will lead them towards crime

New urbanism’s ultimate target is improving life quality through enabling a functional framework for urban areas. It can also be seen as an example of the manner in which a “green” lifestyle is coupled with the larger concept of sustainability. Favoring pedestrianism over automobile use acts to facilitate social interaction, as well as increased environmental benefits, while denser patterns of housing can work to conserve land2.

All forms of violence characterize the modern world. This scenario is happening both domestically and internationally in form of terrorist attacks. Terrorism is now part of our daily lives in every corner of the globe although its occurrence is more prevalent in some nations than it is in others. The effects of terrorist attacks affect us directly or indirectly.

There is never a comprehensive definition of intention and the definition varies from case to case depending upon the facts of the case. Certain ingredients in the definition stay constant and these are the definitions and concepts which eventually lead the judges to ascertain the overall intention depending upon the facts of the case.

Street gangs are groups of young people or adults with the main aim of taking control of a region within a city. The gangs participate in illicit activities involving intimidation and also violence to make money from the society having a negative effect on the society as well as the economy of a region.

Iraqi is the world’s third-largest oil exporter, essential for the economic development of this nation. This aspect triggers the purpose of this research.  Iraq has oil reserves of at least 112 billion barrels. This oil is not found on the high seas but on land. Iraq is not a third-world country and furthermore, Iraq has vast experience as well as skills in the development of petroleum.

Such sanctions can be enforced through agencies or courts which have the relevant legal authority on adults as well as the juvenile offenders. Programs in community corrections are operated through probation agencies. They provide correctional supervision in the community in place of incarceration while the parole agencies avail conditional and supervised prison release.

The request may be implicit or explicit depending on the target of the request. Instrumental compliance is a system that happens throughout people’s lives. In this case, people obey the law to escape punishment or to get rewards. In instrumental compliance, a motivating factor is present. This is a system in which, a person is threatened to obey the law, failure to which an intense punishment is imposed on him.

The United Kingdom is a European state, other than this, the economies in the European States are closely interlinked thus the legal matters arising are heavily intertwined and largely interlinked. Further, the legal issues involving these states are largely influenced by the EU Treaties and the Conventional Human Rights of Europe.

Considering the diversified nature of such punishment; some of them are deserved to be mentioned. In ancient and medieval ages crushing by elephants was considered to be one of the most practiced forms of capital punishment. Among the countries who had restored to this practice India might be the most infamous one.

The company was located at White Chapel High Street in the United Kingdom. His family was comprised of a daughter and 5 sons. His sons were keen to join father’s business as partners. Naturally, the father had to turn his business from the sole proprietorship to Private Limited Company in line with the parameters of Companies Act 1862.

The paper describes the most important aspects of classical tradition law and how the points given relate to the contract between the two companies. It starts with the definition of the term contract. It is an agreement between dual and multiple parties to do something in the future. It should be nod that a contract is open to legal enforcement.

The paper tells that under Insolvency Act 1986, the UK Corporate Governance Code, EU Directives and the Precedence of the competed court of law, directives and the court precedence, the company is a legal establishment to run the business. The modern history of Industrial Revolution in the UK empowers public companies in employing and generating funds, to boost up the economy of the UK rather than other business organizations.

The case study does not follow all the elements of a contract in an effective way. The case study mainly highlights a contract of selling a refurbished bicycle within Australia and so it needs to conform to various rules and regulations of Australian Contract Law. It was a transpiring business understanding between a university student named Peter and the owner of ‘tourbikes’, Sally.

In today's world, no lawyer can deny the fact that global legal market has a solid influence on local legal markets. This influence is always negative if the concerned country does not take these challenges seriously.

The communities today are exposed to violent practices such as conflict, disruption, acts of aggression, and so on, which has resulted in increased the need and the importance of policing. “Formal policing begins with the need of the sovereign power to keep control over his subjects within a larger community, no longer bound by the natural boundaries and the bonds of the family and the tribe.

The Act stipulates that all employees (irrespective of their span of service) are entitled to take a “reasonable” amount of unpaid time off work devoid of notice to deal with certain unexpected emergencies befalling their dependants (Memo 2005, p.968). A dependant in this case encompasses a husband, wife, civil partner, parent, or child.

Allegedly, as the girl walked home from church, she was approached and kidnapped by the suspect, taken to a remote location and raped. Routine activity theory would be appropriate to use in this situation since the facts seem to fit the theory well. Rational choice, on the other hand, does not appear to fit with the facts of the case.

On the contrary, ECHR is all set to work for the protection of human rights in th european countries. However, some of its policies regarding certain humain rights are still not worth effective.

Financial help from private and non-private organizations can alleviate expenses but the assistance may sometimes come with conditions that interfere with the homeowner’s plans. Historical houses can also be a vital part of the community that restoration may not only affect the property’s owner but also the entire neighborhood.

Summing, the drug courts in US is an innovative step towards a society which is free from the clutches of harmful drugs. In a modern society, public safety and health is crucial for future growth, development and effective human resource management.

In such context, programs on mental health care should also be integrated into other social work advocacies; in decision-making relating to conflict situations; family management and social relations; in security response management, and in nurturing an egalitarian community that is free of violent structures.

In the midst of media saturation and higher public interest, large amount of confusion hang back about the diagnosis of unrelenting vegetative state of the case, and the judicial process and ethical framework related to Terri’s care. Several issues are associated with the Terri Schiavo case, such as ethical, psychological, medical, religious, legal, and philosophical.

Factors have been shown to constitute sexual harassment. Unreasonable behavior is part of sexual harassment behavior to determine which circuit courts employ the test of “reasonable person” standard. The alleged misconduct should be so severe and pervasive as to disturb the emotional wellbeing and work performance of the victim which conditions are prima facie requirements for sexual harassment.

The movie is based upon the biography of like of Frank Abagnale Jr. who remained involved in million dollar fraud by pretending as a pilot, doctor and prosecutor. He planned his fraud is such proficient manner that FBI looked for his services and skills to identify and check other fraud cases.

Those grievances articulated by the Occupy association shared by large masses of Americans: three quarters of citizens want billionaires taxed extra, two-thirds of the citizens desire the Iraq and Afghanistan wars ceased, and large majorities requiring funding moved from the armed forces to green power and education and employment opportunities.

In 2004, an investigation concerning the drug trade in which Jones was to be nailed commenced and in 2005, searches and arrests followed (Totenberg). Finally, Jones and several of his associates were charged with conspiracy to possess as well as distribute cocaine.

In 1990, the congress voted for the research moratorium override on government financing on stem cell research but it was later banned by President Bush. President Clinton raised the ban but later changed his decision following public demand. However, later, Congress vetoed the congress financing on human embryo research in 1995.

The most significant section of the family law being the divorce law, as well as, the separation and cannot be overlooked even with the criticism that has been articulated by various groups of people. Later on, restructuring in 1996 came as the turning point indicating substantial transformations in the divorce subject. Some of the provisions of the divorce have become comprehensive and easier to carry out the divorce proceedings. 

As the paper declares there has been much contemporary change in the landscape of civil disputes from adjudication, as the norm, to ADR and the various processes of informal dispute resolution. Does this shift raise numerous difficult questions for the administration of civil justice in England and Wales, and if so, how have they been resolved? 

As a branch of civil law, the law of tort came into existence at the beginning of the nineteenth century although most developments in the subject were achieved later. The law of tort is concerned with civil crime, unlike the common branch of criminal law. The law is concerned with claims where the defendant has broken important responsibilities imposed by the common law leading to losses or injuries.

The issue in the marriage relationship between Barry and Sue is largely as a result of domestic violence. Sue can no longer tolerate the violence and she wants Barry out. Any advice to Sue concerning the issue should take into consideration several factors; key among them, the fact that Barry is a registered disabled and the flat they are living in has been adapted to suit his needs and the need to preserve marriage unless it has reached irretrievable status.