Health Sciences & Medicine Essays

A disease is actually a group of ailments that are caused by the inability of the body and in particular the pancreas, to regulate glucose levels in the body leading to severe body damage. The disease is thus managed by controlling the glucose levels in the bloodstream by managing glucose levels and minimizing exposure to risks and averting complications arising from the disease.

Whether a given risk factor goes undetected or a given health condition is misidentified, the implications may be very dangerous for the public. Detecting bias is possible and therefore ought to be a key priority in any epidemiological research. Being set from the start in order to avoid the many pitfalls is normally the best resolution.

The main objective of this paper is to provide an understanding of the role of cultural and social diversity in the provision of healthcare. This will be elaborating the reasons why health professionals need to possess skills in cultural competency and cultural safety as a way of improving individual and group health outcomes.

Generally, social determinants of health are defined by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as the circumstances wherein individuals are born, grow, stay, as well as work (Macdonald, 2010). Such conditions are shaped by the distribution of resources, power, and money at local, national, and global levels.

Biochemical results are usually obtained from the analysis of blood plasma. The analysis is usually applied to a wide variety of substances. The clinical biochemical tests are regularly accompanied by a wide range of analyses of the results. Different processes are mainly involved during the analysis for the purposes of obtaining and interpreting the results.

It is essential to state that a study in 2005 ( Australian AusDiab Follow-up Study/(Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle Study) found that 1.7 million Australians had diabetes at that time, but in the cases of type 2 diabetes, the commonest type, it is possible that half the people are still undiagnosed. 

Actually, being a male in developed countries is a threatening factor for premature mortality. Prior to reaching 50 years, most men pass away prematurely, mainly from accidents, cardiovascular disease, neoplasm, as well as suicide. Additionally, men are more vulnerable to mortality associated with climate as compared to women.

Generally, one of the most important developments of the 1980s in the medical field was the development of phage display technology. Initially, the technique was limited to the selection of peptides. However, the development of the technique made it possible to display the antibodies fragment on phage.

The proposal made by the Australian Ministry of Health with respect to the changes in policy presents a more multi-faceted look at the optimum functionality of the country’s public health sector. It goes without saying that the policy changes give it a more redistributive policy outlook based on the general public, to whom it is intended.

Immobility is a common cause of death among old women in Australia. Old people and especially women are prone to injuries that result from falling. One of these injuries is a hip fracture. Hip fractures affect the patient's movement and reduce the frequency of movement. This causes immobility of the patient which leads to more complications on the patient’s health.  

Drug and substance trafficking, sometimes referred to ass as the illegal drugs trade is a collective term used to refer to all activities involved in the cultivation, manufacturing, distribution, and sale of drugs that are subject to prohibition by both state and regional laws. Such illegal drugs and substances include bhang, heroin, cocaine, Methamphetamine, and cannabis.

The paper is a combination of three critical appraisal articles on diabetes. The first article gives randomized trial results of diabetes programs on education for type 1 diabetes patients (PRIMAS). In this case, the PRIMAS effectiveness fell into comparison with other educational programs earlier established. The latter acted as a control measure in measuring the efficacy of the PRIMAS.

According to Miyazawa et al (2008), Tocotrienols are a group of agents that are under the vitamin E family. They form the rarest group of all. A series of studies have been conducted to determine their role in normal health. They have varied properties which make the class a viable entity in health care. The key feature that has been under scrutiny of these agents is their cardioprotective properties.

Across the globe, breast cancer in the female population in both the developed countries and the developing ones accounts for 23 percent of all cases of cancer and 14 percent of all deaths caused by cancer (GLOBOCAN 2008). This review of literature will examine the topic of breast cancer based on a number of topics.

Evidence-based Healthcare is the conscientious usage of present best evidence in decision-making about the provision of health services. It may include the use of current information from valid researchers about the effects of diverse forms of health care. Researchers carried out solving the issue of cannabis consumption. The first research looks at the ways of reducing cannabis consumption.

According to (Stonbraker, Schnall & Larson, 2015) health literacy can be defined as the patient's level of understanding or the capacity to obtain, process and have a clear understanding of the various health services and information needed to make decisions that help the health care mission be successful.

Human resources shortage according to Mdege and Chindove (2013) possess a major challenge to the rollout of ARV therapy for HIV-infected patients in Sub-Saharan Africa. The present challenge as a result of a shortage of human resources is evident in studies by Callaghan, Ford, and Schneider (2010), Zachariah et al, (2008), and Kosgei et al, (2010).

In the contemporary world, nurses are providing health education, care, and case management in an ever-increasing diverse population. Healthcare delivery is becoming increasingly challenging due to the triad of health literacy, linguistic, and cultural barriers. Nevertheless, healthcare providers have the responsibility to ensure the best patient outcomes.

This research entails reviewing the various literature associated with differences that can be witnessed in the amalgam material and the composite core in molar teeth that are treated endodontically. Various literature has been reviewed to provide an overview of the endodontic treatment of the molar teeth and amalgam restorations of the molar teeth.

Intake of nutritious food is a significant association with the health of the individuals. The delivery of the nutrients in the digestive tract is an influential factor that determines the impact that the food has on the bodybuilding process. A standard chemical process is one of the main aspects that influence the digestion process.

Reproduction takes place in two forms which include sexual and asexual depending on the genetic combination of the parents. In asexual reproduction, the offspring are created through simple cell duplication of the organism while in sexual reproduction there is the joining of male and female sex cells to form a new organism.

Health inequality in rural and urban areas is among the leading health issues in Australia. There exists a differential health series delivery in both urban and rural Australia, the country is majorly more populated in the urban areas and has more health facilities and health funding, mostly concentrated in the urban areas.

Generally, the chapter explores the causes of the extended remain in the Emergency Department (ED) at the Al Iman Hospital Department of ED. The literature will be discussed as follows the subheadings. People need to be rushed to the hospital for many issues such as injuries, accidents, and acute illness.

A lot of emphases is placed on fish consumption as it is considered healthy. As a result, public health institutions recommend that fish-eating behavior should be adopted in society to ensure a healthy living. Around the globe, the pattern of feeding in seafood has increased. Affordability is one of the barriers that discourage fish consumption in society. 

In Australia, Occupational health and safety (OHS) have hitherto, been regulated by Territory general OHS statutes, Commonwealth, and six states in addition to numerous certain statutes that cover public safety in industries like electricity, the maritime industry, mining, transport as well as dangerous goods.

Lactation – the ability to produce, secret, and eject milk – is one of the most defining features of the mammal species. The mammary glands are organs that produce milk for the nourishment of the young.  Medical experts agree that breastfeeding or consumption of human breast milk is by far the most nutritional/ beneficial form of feeding for newborn human babies. 

Using molecular and cultural methods, Z. Li et al. (2009) attempt to locate Campylobacter species other than Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter concisus – the role of which, despite being presently considered human intestinal pathogens, is little known viz. human IBD -- in intestinal biopsy specimens of children with CD.

Family birth centers: It is important to come up with family birth centers, especially in the rural and remote areas, so that maternity care services can be offered as close to women’s homes as possible. However, these centers need to maintain a link with other hospitals so that they can get easily get support services if needed.

This disease has shown high potential in causing cardiovascular diseases in several ways such as coagulation and hormonal derangements (Johnstone & Veves; Huxley, Barzi, and Woodward, 2006). Scientists believe this disease increases the risk of heart disease because persistent elevated levels of blood sugar damages arteries.

There should be systematic reforms for an aging Australia. To furnish the hospital structure to handle and manage the aging population and offer quality care to each and every age group, the methods that have been tried and have failed in operating and ruining the public hospitals should be discarded.

The suffering lady should join these groups so as to avoid being lonely hence be able to fight the depression. These are some of the ways that the community can do to handle the conditions; it has a solution against any cause of depression. Although the community can put all the efforts to help the patient, she should be optimistic towards the efforts of solving the situations.

In recent years it has been recognized there is the need to strengthen and develop community capacity if health inequalities are to be reduced. Health education made an important contribution to community participation for health, by sharing knowledge and education about health and disease (Wilkinson, 2005).

The main aim of the review is to provide information on the frequency of erectile dysfunction in a wide-ranging population, allowing an overview of the findings of a given population level. It complements the lately published systematic reviews which both showed the heterogeneity of the published evidence.

Generally, Rapp and Goscha (2006) argue that these seven domains address the past, present and future temporal orderings of a person, thus allowing the assessor to know what exactly the client experienced in the past, what her present situation is, and what her goals, needs or wants for the future are. 

When a blood vessel is injured there follows interactions between coagulation proteins, subendothelial matrix, and platelets. Usually, the endothelial cells covering the inside wall in the blood vessel bars the subendothelia matrix together with tissue factors from meeting the coagulation proteins and circulating proteins.

Maternal death has been described as a shame that the world has yet to confront. Despite a global commitment to improve maternal health by reducing maternal mortality as reflected in the Millennium Development Goals, statistical evidence shows that the incidence of global maternal mortality is still high, especially in the developing world.

Cesarean section is a surgical procedure in which one or more surgical incisions are made through a woman’s uterine wall and abdominal wall to deliver her baby or to remove a dead fetus. This surgical procedure is carried out whenever unusual conditions complicate labor and vaginal delivery, putting at risk the life or health of the mother or her little one.

This study examines the effectiveness of interventions beyond antenatal care that focus on lifestyle changes in reducing maternal mortality among indigenous Australian women. In particular, it will identify the risk factors in the lifestyles of Aboriginal and Torres Islander Strait women of childbearing age that contribute to the prevalence of high maternal mortality rates.

The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion in 1986 defined health promotion as “the process of enabling people to exert control over the determinants of health and thereby improve their health (International Union for Health Promotion-IUHPE 2000, WHO 1986).” This reflects consensus that health promotion is a key strategy in improving health and quality of life.

Border control measures are a non-pharmaceutical intervention usually deployed as part of a wider national plan to slow down the development of a pandemic in Australia (Kotsimbos et al 2010). They are entailed in the Australian Health Management Plan for Pandemic Influenza (AHMPPI), such as FLUBORDERPLAN in 2008.

Many techniques for treating diseases that seemed untreatable decades ago have been developed as medical technology progressed into the 21st Century. The identification of DNA as the genetic blueprint of life is perhaps the most significant advancement in biological science. This development was followed by biochemical techniques for sequencing and manipulation of the alleged genetic materials.

According to Crawford (2004) the immune system has begun to function ethnically as the main guarantor of health and the important mark of differential endurance in the modern times. It would be just to say that immune system is perceived as a significant cultural idea which is often used by common people to think about their bodies, health and society.

The fact is supported by Mexican Commission on Macroeconomics and Health (2004) which cited a long-term study for England which was conducted by Robert Fogel, a Nobel Prize winner in Economics. This study clearly demonstrated the fundamental importance of health and well-being in a country in promoting socio-economic capacity.

The paper strives to establish how the disease is prevented and treated prevented and treated in the Australian care system. The paper begins with a description of Alzheimer’s disease, causative factors of the disease, Australian statistics of the disease and strategies being employed to prevent and/or deal with the disease.

Epinephrine produces beneficial effects during cardiac arrest due to its α-adrenergic receptor-stimulating aspects which increase both coronary and cerebral perfusion pressure during Cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Accordingly, the efficacy of epinephrine in cardiac arrest results from the ability of this drug to increase aortic blood pressure and hence this increases coronary perfusion pressure when the chest compresses.

Down Syndrome’s symptoms can affect one in various ways. But the obvious symptom is the effect of one’s physical features. Those with Down Syndrome have some typical physical appearances with others being more seriously affected (NHS, 2012). Some of the features that people with Down Syndrome may have includes but not limited to; small ears and mouth, eyes that are slanted upwards.

In Australia, Type 2 forms the most widespread type of diabetes and affects 85-90 percent of all individuals suffering from diabetes. Initially, the disease used to affect older adults but currently, young people as well as children are suffering from it. For people having type 2 diabetes, the pancreas produces less insulin than the body requires and thus it functions poorly.

These injuries which are often muscle strain or excessive muscle fiber stretch in the three hamstring muscles: biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus, at the back of the thighs, have been a primary concern for rehabilitation professionals. This is because they may result in debilitating injuries to an individual which may result in prolonged recovery periods.

According to the World Health Organization, health is not just the absence of diseases but rather the complete social, mental and physical well-being. In other words, it is having a sound spirit, mind and body. Hales (2012), states that health is the process of discovering, using and protecting all the resources available in the spirit, body, environment, family and community.

This paper presents a critical review of three particular journal articles about the health of Australian communities specifically in relation to the health care system in Australia with the many health conditions that are prevalent in the communities. Accordingly, I will first explore the Australian Aboriginal population and the social determinants of health as expounded by Gallaher et al.