Health Sciences & Medicine Essays

The World Health Organization (WHO) advocates for universal health coverage in both developing and developed nations (WHO, 2015). Many industrialized nations as well as middle-income countries across the globe provide their citizens with access to health services. The main objective of universal health coverage is to ensure equitable access to health care (WHO, 2015).  

The universal trend towards an increase in longevity has without a doubt been a marked feature of the 21st century and has consequently translated to aging populations as well as the increase in diseases and conditions affecting older people. One of these conditions is globally recognized osteoporosis.

According to Henderson &Redshaw (2011), breastfeeding is a mode of feeding that provides infants with the nutrients that they require for healthy development and growth. Ibanez, et al., (2012) breastfeeding is recommended exclusively for a period of six months. This means that no food other than the mother’s milk should be introduced to the infant until six months are over.

The Commission on Chronic Illness is believed to be the first to address the definition of chronicity by identifying the characteristics of chronic illnesses. According to the Commission on Chronic Illness, the following are some of the characteristics of chronic diseases, namely: everlasting, disability, requires assessment, planning and management among others. 

Over the years, the concept of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) has gained recognition as a location-based crime prevention model. The CPTED model serves to modify the physical design features of the built environment to reduce crime incidence and increase the opportunities for detecting and deterring crime (Zahm, 2007; Armitage, 2013).

According to Bani (2008), the term “need” describes the discrepancy between an existing state and a desirable one. Taking this into perspective, it is reasoned that needs assessments are usually undertaken to identify the needs of a certain group of individuals for whom a system of operation exists to serve their needs.

Fennelly (2012) defines physical security as an integrated combination of security measures intended for disallowing unauthorized access to equipment, facilities and resources. Characteristically, physical security entails the application of an assortment of security layers, such as protective barriers, security personnel, and surveillance cameras (Smith & Brooks, 2012).

Over the last five decades, the diabetes epidemic has been reported among indigenous Australians where this prolonged disease was virtually unknown. According to statistics, diabetes has increased over the years across Australia as well as in different other countries (Levin et al., 2008). The lives of indigenous Australians have changed radically from the pre-contact period to today.

Australia is among the Southeast Asia countries where 60% of deaths have been reported to be due to chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The problem is reported to arise from the changing environmental factors that have encouraged inadequate physical activity, unhealthy diet, and tobacco use.

Primary health care comprises of the first level with which persons, families as well as communities come into contact with the health care system (APNA, 2012). According to the Primary health care (PHC) involves the first level of care that is socially appropriate, acceptable universally, and scientifically sound.

Risk strategies in high-concern situations are responsible for assembling information that motivates public health interventions during health outbreaks and emergencies. One thing stands in support of developing a working risk strategy: it is the driving force for effective response (Fred Garcia, 2006).

Excessive alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems are widespread among young adults. One of the most prevalent mental disorders in the general population (APA, 1994), alcohol abuse, along with alcohol dependence, constitutes a particularly significant public health concern among young adults between the ages of 18 and 30 (Ham & Hope, 2003).

There is a need to evaluate this healing system using a method that obtains a more holistic idea of CAM interventions. Whole system research was developed on basis of CAM interventions and integrates treatment modalities and patient-practitioner interactions, practices for changing patient behavior as well as CAM approaches to healing and therapy.

Traditional medicine is mainly used to denote complementary and alternative medicine or indigenous health traditions encompassing many and different types of treatments including religious and magical rituals, the substances of animal, plant, and minerals (Bodeker & Kronenberg, 2002: 1582).

Different type of diseases exists and it is imperative to understand the diseases to enable effective diagnosis and treatment. Lung cancer is an example of such a disease that affects the respiratory system of an individual and it is associated with pollutants and air pollution. The number of lung cancer deaths is increasing while the effectiveness of the treatment is still poor.

Generally, the Indigenous populations in Australia have a high prevalence of substance abuse compared to other Australians. The higher level of substance abuse can be attributed to ineffective policies, ineffective treatment modules and reduced levels of health literacy (National Drug Strategy, 2015).

Health care providers increasingly deliver care to a culturally diverse populace some of whom are not native language speakers. To ensure effective healthcare provision, healthcare providers are required to improve their health literacy to be able to deliver care to culturally diverse populations. As a result, healthy literacy is recognized as a crucial influencing factor in the quality and safety of health care.

This section will review the literature on healthy eating and fast food outlets as well as present the problem, research objective and justification. Healthy eating refers to the consumption of the appropriate quantities of a variety of foods that maintain the good health of the body. Their variety of foods includes proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, fats and water.

The biomedical model of delivering healthcare has been the dominant framework for delivering healthcare for decades. Unfortunately, holistic well-being is unachievable under the assumption of the model that illnesses and diseases are a result of physical abnormalities. This essay discusses the biopsychosocial model as an improvement to the biomedical approach to the delivery of health care.

An emerging disease, as defined by Hatfill et al. (2014), refers to an infectious disease that has recently come about in a population, or is swiftly escalating in geographic or incidence scope. During the past three decades, animal hosts have transmitted close to 41 emerging infectious strains to the human population.

Generally, in developed countries, the number of women who have breast cancer has increased over time, and this is because the women in these countries bear fewer children and also breastfeed for shorter periods (Woodman, 2002). Research has shown that breastfeeding offers several health benefits to mothers.

The realization of genetics as a field of study revolutionizes the medical discipline, especially in discovering the prevalence, spread, and cure of diseases. According to Cutting (2015), sequencing of the human genome provides an understanding of genes. Moreover, it provides an opportunity to examine the events leading to genetic disorders by identifying the science behind dysfunctional genes.

There are many cases of mental health problems experienced by the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People living in Gippsland, Victoria, Australia among other communities. The choice of this community and the reason for identifying it as a community is because it is a group of people living in this particular economic-rural region, especially in the rural parts (Boardman, 2011).

It is essential to state that lung cancer is a key cause of death among other health conditions among workers who have experienced some occupational exposure. Occupational exposure is identified as the process where workers are exposed to some harmful substances while working that deteriorate their health.

There is convincing proof of a connection between race-based and ethnic discrimination and poor well-being and mental health.   This study demonstrates many Indigenous people together with refugees and migrants from non-English speaking backgrounds are more likely to experience health discrimination.

The purpose of this essay is to review the literature on whether occupational exposure to diesel could lead to lung cancer. The essay will review five articles and provide information on their research objectives, methods, results and conclusions.  Each article will be analyzed at a time. Thereafter, the conclusion of this essay will provide a summary of the findings.

Elevated blood sugar has become a global health risk that is affecting many people including those at a young age. The condition can be naturally controlled eliminating the need to visit a doctor regularly and therefore proving that individuals can treat or reduce the risk associated with some health conditions like this one here.

The paper "Health and Smoking" is an outstanding example of a health sciences and medicine research paper. Research has shown that smoking is one of those major causes of death that is the most preventable amongst many other causes in many countries. There is no dispute to the fact that there already exists more than enough information in the public domain about the potential threats of smoking to human health.

The paper “Effects of Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy on the Weight of Infant” is a meaningful example of a health sciences & medicine research paper. Numerous studies have been conducted to explore the relationship between maternal smoking during pregnancy and low infant weight. Maternal smoking during pregnancy has been associated with several unfavorable outcomes.

The paper "Diabetes in England" is an excellent example of a research paper on health sciences and medicine. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder. A diabetic patient has an elevated amount of glucose in the blood. This condition where blood sugar is elevated is referred to as hyperglycemia (Diabetes, 2010).

The paper "Breast Cancer and its Impact for Younger Women" is a perfect example of a research paper on health sciences and medicine. The nursing profession is challenging and greatly demands physical and mental wherewithal of both the nurses and the patients in order to continuously cope with the ever-changing and challenging health care environment.

The paper "Benefits of Telehealth in Australia " is an outstanding example of a health sciences and medicine research paper. Maheu & Allen (2002) defines telehealth as the delivery of related health services at a distance; this is in line with the assertions of (Clough, 1999).  This is challenging the importance and necessity of physical presence in health care circumstances.

The paper “Effects of Fruit and Vegetable Supplements on Weight Loss” is an exciting example of the research paper on health sciences & medicine. Recent studies indicate that losing weight is hard to achieve, even for those who are highly motivated. Similarly, maintaining body fitness is also a difficult task, especially as a person grows older.

The paper “Health Care Insurance Quality in the UAE Using SERVQUAL Model from Customer Perspective” is a convincing variant of the research paper on health sciences & medicine. The provision of healthcare within the Middle East and North Africa region continues to evolve and concurrently the real estate as well as the operational needs of providers of healthcare becomes increasingly complex.

The paper "Exporting Australian Quality and Safety Healthcare Standards to China" is an outstanding example of health sciences and medicine research paper. There is predicted a shortage of nurses in the world which has put the provision of healthcare to be a concern to many. When taking a close look at China, we find out that there are concerns about how to have a sufficient number of nurses.

The paper "The Australian and the US Healthcare System " is an outstanding example of a health sciences and medicine literature review. I strongly disagree with the claim outlined by Leeder (2003:197: 375) that the fundamental difference between the US and the Australian healthcare system is that the US healthcare system is based on the principles of opportunity while the Australian healthcare system is based on the principles of equity.

The paper “Dental Caries as the Most Common Dental Disease in the Australian Population” is a fascinating example of health sciences & medicine literature review. Dental caries is an existing tooth condition where the hard surface of the tooth decays gradually over a period of time. The decay process is mainly caused by acid produced by living bacteria in the mouth.

While initially, area health officials worried about a “toxic gumbo” of industrial chemicals that might flood the area along with the rapid spread of infectious diseases, a more subtle health problem has instead developed, says Dr. Howard Frumkin, director of the National Center for Environmental Health, a division of the CDC based in Atlanta. 

A tabulated meta-analysis of the six pieces of literature was conducted. In this way, ease in the comparison was successfully achieved. The literature was efficiently synthesized since tabulated information can easily be compared and contrasted. Likewise, in the matrix form, all significant items can be completely filled up and analyzed.

In the annual meeting and exposition of the American Public Health Association, the importance and the congruence of the inclusion of both human rights norms and ethical standards in public health work was highlighted. In history, the protection and promotion of human rights were embodied in the universal declaration of human rights by the United Nations.

Many studies provide evidence of how globalization has brought countless benefits to people, how it facilitates the exchange of goods and improves people’s lives by enhancing technology and discovering new techniques, which are useful in education and discovering medicines that could help in addressing health problems worldwide.

John Luik and Patrick Basham in a recent article in the British Medical Journal put forth the argument that the level of obesity that is being touted is at best dubious. They have advanced the argument that part of the exaggeration of the numbers surrounding obesity has been perpetrated by public health officials, because of their concern for the health of the public.

Several studies have shown that the technique has either been useless or harmful in patients who did not produce excessive sputum. This paper will focus on how CPT can contribute greatly to pulmonary rehabilitation, which works to reduce symptoms of respiratory diseases and restoring independent function.

The research has left some questions pending. For instance, the mechanism of protection offered through morphine tolerance is not yet known and thus more research need to be carried out in this area. In addition, there is a need for further research to look at the effects found in this research across different sex and age groups.

Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) of two by two between groups was used for assessing ISWT performance changes among patients who underwent a single CR session per week and those who participated in two CR sessions per week. The type of CR program (once per week or twice per week) was the independent variable while ISWT means score was the dependent variable.

Generally speaking, extensive efforts have been experienced in the past in the treatment of cancer around the globe, with major investments being committed toward this course. This is based on the severity of cancer contributing to increased mortality among populations in different parts of the world.

Mediterranean Diet (henceforth referred to as Med-Diet), although a misnomer (Simopoulos, 2001), is defined variously by different authors in the scientific literature. However, all of them agree on the aspect that Med-Diet is commonly seen in Crete, Greece, particularly in the early 1960s (Walter C Willett et al., 1995; Anonymous, 2013c).

Despite reducing disposable incomes in developed countries, these expensive procedures have been on the rise in most countries. In 2010 there were over 14 million cosmetic surgery operations in the United States; the industry was estimated to have been worth $10.1 billion. The most common procedures preferred by Americans were nose jobs.  

Neurodegenerative disorders or diseases are associated and characterized by neurodegenerative changes or by the chronic and progressive deterioration of the individual’s neural functions, which culminates into loss of memory, impairment in cognitive abilities, as well as impairment in motor coordination. The continued loss of the mentioned abilities may finally result in permanent paralysis together with loss of sensation.

The hip joint is in the form of a ball-and-socket. Normally, the ball which is the femora head (the upper end of the thigh bone) fits perfectly into the socket (acetabulum), which is part of the entire pelvic bone to form a hip joint. The surface of the ball and the socket are covered by articular cartilage to reduce friction and facilitate movement (Dooley, 2008).