Genomics and Personalized Medicine for Humans - Essay Example

Genomics and personalized medicine for humans Genomics and Personalized Medicine for Humans Biological of genomic technology Genomic technologies employ the techniques applied to manipulate and analyze the genomic information. Personalized precision or the genomic medicine is the delivery of the right drug in the correct dose to the suitable person at the right time according to the individual’s personal genetic and the characteristics of the disease. Enactment of the Genomics and Medicine Act of 2007 by the American Senate aimed to secure the promise of the personalized medicine for all Americans. The project was mainly through extension and increasing the genomic research to enhance the precision of disease checking, advances the safety of drugs, and identify proper treatment (Kaye, 2015). The goal of personalized medicine is to match treatment to the unique aspects of a particular patient including their personal and family medical history, body size, and other physical aspects. Primarily DNA organizations within cells are influential factors for the individual risks in contracting diseases, playing out illnesses and effective drugs with fewer side effects. Genomics lead to the precise treatment because of the ability to unveil molecular patterns in the cells. Molecular patterns reflect the difference in the activity genes and proteins of abnormal changes like the mutation. Researchers assert that in future genomics would introduce a new system of treatment where doctors could regularly prescribe a particular drug for a specific disease. Discussion of its accomplishment Genomics have positive influence in the health- care services. It would clinician and medical attendants to look into a person’s future to determine the disease the person is susceptible to and its treatment. The process would be perfect in handling conditions knowing specific drugs used for each condition. Genomics has changed the intervention health-care to prospective and preventive care that is highly personalized and pre-emptive. The genomic technology reveals the understanding and incorporation of genomic information from clinical and research outcomes to individual’s health records (May 2015). Genomics have a particular influence on health care delivery because of its diverse predictive ethical and social forces. It helps in shaping health care in a specialized manner, showing preliminary success in different types of cancer. The process would it promotes the pre-symptomatic diagnosis, personalized drug dosages, and personalized therapy. The technology of targeted therapies in genomics aims to identify people with the efficacious response to some drugs than giving drugs to those it will have little effect. Another accomplishment of genomic technology is seeing the light in drug recovery, and its technologies have a diverse influence on the drugs discovery. There are also social concerns making it difficult to solve technical barriers increasing in the rapidly advancing scientific development. The genetically modified organisms have already attracted significant opposition from the green movement from other parts of the world Scientific principles making the genomic technology possible The First principle was the mapping and the sequencing technologies forming a significant link between gene manipulation and genomics. The techniques for DNA cloning and transfer to new hot cells and the recombinant DNA revolution spawned new technologies for gene mapping and sequencing. The DNA sequencing promoted the work with amino acids sequence of the encoded protein without the direct analysis of the protein alone. It was beneficial because during DNA sequencing only numerous proteins strands in the cell purify in abundant amounts to increase the direct analysis. The researchers can better understand the structure, function of human genes, and thereby develop new strategies in the fight against diseases. It is possible by comparing human genome with genome of other organisms. The organization of the mitochondrial DNA is an essential element of human cells and ensures consistency of function irrespective if the diversity of genome organization. The structure of the genomic process starts from the genome, chromosomes, library, map, sequence, and gene. Greater technologies like the microarrays and the descendants, high-throughput sequencing in imaging techniques enable biologists to analyze functions at molecular and high rates. The preliminary focus of modern biology is to connect genotype and phenotype openly from the level of the cellular environment to link with the development and the diseases. Social and ethical implications of the genomic technology Human genomic planning such as mapping and sequencing have significant implications for individuals, families, and the entire society. The genomic project and relative information positively and dramatically improve human health increasing ethical, legal, and social issues on how the interpretation of the information transpires. Ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) tracks on how the society can prevent harm from improper use of genetic information. The ELSI program initiative was to address the consequences of the human genomic project. ELSI could identify problems and provide the solutions created by integration of genetic information into modern health care practices (McEwen et al., 2014). ELSI has various priorities to solve such the issue of privacy and fairness in the use and interpretation of genetic information. Genetic information is discovering the increase the risks of the genetic discrimination as new disease genes reveals. There is critical handling of information and commercialization of the products of human genetic research. The questions are about the ownership of the tissue and tissue derived products, patents and the accessibility of data and materials. The fourth priority of the ELSI is the provision of education to the public and the healthcare providers. A funded survey by ELSI reveals that most public and health professionals have less knowledge about genetics, genetic technologies, and the implications of possessing genetic information. Benefits and risks of genomic technology There are various advantages and some few risk factors attributed to genomic technology, for example, the industrialization of medicine. Genomic technology can match drugs and other therapeutic interventions to individual genetic makeup and physiology. The process leads to better health and potential cost reductions increasing drug efficacy while reducing the side effects. Genomic project leads to the discovery of heritable diseases and other characteristics of a man. The information of the genomic project propels numerous positive findings in the healthcare (Pina et al., 2015). The genomic maps help researchers seeking genes associated with fragile X syndromes, Alzheimer diseases, colon cancer, and familial breast cancer. The molecular medicine in genomic examines the preliminary causes of diseases than concentrating on the treatment symptoms. Genomic information indicates the future characteristics of some diseases but not predicting the exact time of the occurrences. Genetic screening enables fast and particular diagnostic tests enhancing the treatment of numerous maladies. Medical researchers can create therapeutic products, according to new categories of drugs, immunotherapy techniques, and possible replacement of defective genes by gene therapy. Human genomic project has elevated active investments by large corporations inclining the development of new biotechnology companies to capitalize on the implications of genomic projects. Personal views about the technology giving justifications Genomic technology is significant to human life because of the benefits it has on the healthcare within the society. The discovery of ability to match drugs and other various medical processes enhanced the health care services. Diagnosis of the most complications related to some chronic diseases happens precisely than the old traditional curing methods. It is economical and affordable because of fewer research methods involving numerous professionals to discover the particular problems affecting individual patients before their actual treatment (Veenstra et al., 2010). Gene cloning enables nucleic acid probes secrets readily, and the probes are very beneficial for the medical research such as confirmation of the identical microbial pathogen or pre-natal diagnosis of an inherited genetic disease. It also has the benefit of the recombinant DNA technology where the availability of significant quantities of therapeutic proteins such as the growth hormones treats growth defects. The technology improved the cloning leading to the breakthrough in molecular biology because of the possibility to get uniform arrangements of desired DNA molecule is considerable amounts. References Kaye, J. (2015). The tension between data sharing and the protection of privacy in genomics research. In Ethics, Law and Governance of Biobanking (pp. 101-120). Springer Netherlands. May, T. (2015). An Adoptive Parental Perspective on Personal Genomic Screening. Pediatrics, 135(4), e811-e814. McEwen, J. E., Boyer, J. T., Sun, K. Y., Rothenberg, K. H., Lockhart, N. C., & Guyer, M. S. (2014). The Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications Program of the National Human Genome Research Institute: Reflections on an Ongoing Experiment*. Pina, S., Oliveira, J. M., & Reis, R. L. (2015). Natural‐Based Nanocomposites for Bone Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine: A Review. Advanced Materials. Veenstra, D. L., Roth, J. A., Garrison, L. P., Ramsey, S. D., & Burke, W. (2010). A formal risk-benefit framework for genomic tests: facilitating the appropriate translation of genomics into clinical practice. Genetics in Medicine, 12 (11), 686-693. Read More