Biology Essays

As can be inferred, its inheritance is ruled by Mendelian codominance, wherein IA and IB are codominant alleles, while i is the recessive allele (Campbell and Reece, 2002). Thus, if a parent with a blood type A or B has an I-i, then it is possible that his or her child can have blood type O, especially when the other parent has an I-i or ii genotype.

They are essential since they help inactivate the ions thus making them not to be able to react normally with other ions and elements in order to produce scale or precipitates. Given that most enzymes such as the DNases need metal ions for purposes of using it as a cofactor, it implies that lack of InstaGene matrix would lead to a situation where the enzymes are not inactivated.

Ecosystem in biological terms is referred to as the kind of the environment habited by a living thing. Man, or humans, can virtually live anywhere apart from underwater (Bradley, 2009). Man believes in being supreme over every other animal and that explains why as other animals adapt to their environments, man forces its environment to adapt to his specifications.

Mushrooms are one of the most delightful food items in the world. It is liked and used by many people while preparing different recipes. Mushrooms are fungi and not plants. For their nutritional needs, mushrooms rely on the decay of dead plants as they lack chlorophyll. Shady forests or damp grassy fields are the common breeding grounds for mushrooms.

The NCPC defines brain tumor as “any intracranial tumor created by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division, normally either in the brain itself (neurons, glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells), lymphatic tissue, blood vessels), in the cranial nerves (myelin-producing Schwann cells), in the brain envelopes (meninges), skull, pituitary and pineal gland, or spread from cancers primarily located in other organs (metastatic tumors)” (NSPC, 2012).

Leishmaniasis is a multifaceted mammalian disorder attributable to parasitic protozoa relegated as Leishmania species (Ready, 2010). In humans, diverse varieties of the parasite are linked to different forms of diseases. World Health Organization reports that the global effects of Leishmaniasis have been miscalculated for many years (World Health Organization, 2009).

However, oftentimes the best way to define something that is infinitely complex is to draw a very broad definition that focuses on the key attributes and elements that are displayed while also drawing on the key attributes and elements that are noticeably missing.

However, the key reason behind the embrace of agriculture was the level of competition that was developing over the acquisition of food via hunting and gathering techniques. These competitions were calculated from the swelling populations, as well as development of unique tastes among the populations.

The Arabian Oryx, amongst all Oryxes, lives in the driest and hottest habitat; thus, having a lower level of water requirement is essential to survive in such a habitat. The Arabian Oryx is an elegant white antelope distinguished for its long unbowed horns.

He was born in the 1980s in Bukhara, South Asia, which was then a leading city in the Persia. He is best known by many as a physician, and polymath. Avicenna grew up in the most difficult period marred by great political instability. Heath (9) indicates that Iran was initially ruled by the Samanid dynasty.

Rhyniophyta Flora belongs to a division of vascular plants and is associated with the class Rhyniopsidia. They were known to lack vascular tissue and cannot be included in the group that is monophyletic. This was the first known flora. Currently this group of flora includes species from other generas such as Huvenia, Rhynia and Stock mansella.

Through photosynthesis, plants, animals and other photosynthetic organisms can capture the energy from the sun and store it inside their energy carriers. These carriers care the ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and sugars in the forms of chemical bonds. The release of oxygen into our environment and the chemical splitting of water results from the chemical reaction during photosynthesis.

Notwithstanding that the effect of tanker exploitation is well-known and described in a great number of documents, it is still not easy to imagine how much harm oil spills bring to our seas. They affect marine life in different ways, and ecologists are afraid that the scale of spills is too large and the seas may not have enough time to recover.

Fruits: A Dichotomy of Taste The amount of flora in the world has been increasing exponentially since life first took hold on the planet. There are many different types of plants that each has their own unique characteristics. Even though there has been extensive taxonomic classification of the world’s flora, there are still many isolated regions of the world where there are plants that have yet to be discovered.

What do we mean by maintaining control of the balance of the ecosystem? Ecosystems are fragile making it essential for a balance of the various life forms. For instance, rodents may multiply due to the influence of factors beneficial to their multiplication with the potential for upsetting the balance of the ecosystem.

The teosinte are also either rhizome-forming perennials or “annuals that reproduce every year from seed” (495). Corn or maize, however, has a rigid rachis called the cob and is made up of kernels (494). Although some scientists believe that teosinte is the ancestor of corn, many people do not because of the differences of the appearance of teosinte when compared with corn.

For the first six months after their marriage, couple had used barrier methods (condoms) for contraception. Later on, they decided to have a child. So, for the past one and a half years, they had been having unprotected intercourse. Ross and Julia had lived together all this time and on an average, they had intercourse about 3-4 times a week.

Darwinism asserts that natural selection process will determine the survival ability of each species. Creationism asserts that a supernatural creator (GOD) created the universe and all organisms in the world. Unlike, creationism, Darwinism asserts that all species have a common ancestor and new species emerge from multiplication process and gradual change and adaption to the environment.

Cancer describes diseases whose growth of cells is beyond control. There are numerous categories of cancer with each category exuding distinct tendencies based on areas initially affected. Scientists report that more than one hundred cancer types exist in the world today.

In 1980, the report of human immunodeficiency virus that causes AIDS is said to be as a result of blood transfusion leading to the general panic for both the public and institution for the United States blood banks. There has been a threat of the global shortages of blood and the fears of contamination have also hastened the attempts of finding a life-sustaining alternative.

DISTRIBUTION: The species can be found throughout the Atlantic northwest and central, ranging from Chesapeake Bay south towards Florida, to Campeche within the Gulf of Mexico area (Snelson 729). Populations of Atlantic stingrays are found in the St. Johns River system in Florida, where they are extensively studied since the 1980’s.

The cell membrane is mainly composed of the lipid layer embedded with proteins and it’s involved in the following cellular processes: Signaling of the cell, Adhesion of the cell and conductivity of the ions in the cell and it forms the external attachment of cells interior to the extracellular structures.

To determine KLa, two methods can be used; these are fermentative and non – fermentative (Ochoa, 2001). In non – fermentative method also known as dynamic gassing out, the concentration of oxygen is lowered by gassing the liquid out using nitrogen gas resulting in the initiation of at constant air flow rate at the same time increasing dissolved oxygen (Mohamed, 2009).

University of Michigan (The Tropical Rainforest) further argues that Conservation of rainforests contributes to a wealth of resources for survival and well-being of human kind. Tropical rain forests ecosystems are forests in the tropics that receive 4-8 meters of rain each year (Newman, the Tropical Rainforest).

The saccade is the word use to refer to the fast eye movement. The eye being on organ in animals can be referred to as a device the same as in a machine that is very useful with the issue of providing sight to the animal as per that matter.

The article starts out with an elucidation of the human brain as a forest that continually grows. The scientific breakthrough of replacing damaged brain cells through stem cells that will eventually become new neurons paved the way for new research toward the promising cure to neurons damaged by traumatic brain injury, stoke and neurodegenerative diseases.

It has also been realized that the Histidine acts as an active center of the enzyme trypsin which do bind with the heavy metal ions, which consequently results into the inhibition of enzymatic action. In this particular study, Mercury ions and Lead ions was added to milk containing the Trypsin, the result shown more clearly, that the Metallic ions in high concentrations do have a negative impact on the actions of the enzyme.

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Starting in 1891, however, he came to use this method for the purpose of developing drugs which would be used for the elimination of some of the bacteria which he had identified as having been the cause of many of the diseases that existed at that time. Though his early studies of antitoxins, his work developed further into a serious examination of the diverse number of chemicals which were available to him for the purpose of identifying those which could be used to fight such bacterial species as treponemapallidum, which was the main agent that was responsible for the development of syphilis (Raju 662).

Ataxia telangiectasia is a multi-organ system autosomal recessive condition characterized in part by disorders of the adaptive immune system. It is an autosomal recessive disorder effecting either the innate or adaptive immune systems leaving the organism vulnerable to opportunistic infections.

Viruses are one of the microbes that have caused severe harm to human life and health. Out of the whole pool of viruses, is the hepatitis C virus that has infected around 3% of the global population. The question of finding an HCV homolog in other animals is essential to probe deeper into its phylogenetic linkage in nature.

The online free dictionary defines anatomy as the bodily structure of a plant or animal. Physiology deals with the functioning of living organisms and their parts at a physical and chemical level. The interplay between the female reproductive organs and hormones is important in understanding menstruation (Ferin, Jewelewicz, and Warren 3).

Sertoli tumor also appears in the ovary and can lead to hormonal imbalance in the body of the patient.This process is called defaminization and a female patient can display masculinity. The sertoli tumor excrete excess testosterones in the female patient’s body and give them masculine features

Even though, the morality of destroying embryos for saving the life of others is questionable, many people are of the view that stem cell researches should be continued in order to save the human kind from some of the acute physical diseases.

It is currently considered protected land maintained as a wildlife refuge. Prospectors consider it also an area rich in oil with thousands of barrels of oil as potential yield from this region. These prospectors believe that such yield would serve as a major source for domestic oil for the US.

Through the course of this discourse, the first and second laws of genetics, as established by Gregor Mendel, will be examined using the Brassice rapa as the instrument of experimentation. Using the scientific method, an experiment will be conducted to determine the answer to the research question: What is the inheritance pattern of the purple stem trait?

It is a great pleasure to be able to complete this dissertation with the best possible means and under the best possible supervision. The assistance, help and guidance of many people went into bringing my attempts to fruition. I heartily thank my supervisor Dr.

INTRODUCTION Recent advancements in molecular biology have led to purification and characterization of proteins. This type of study is important, especially when molecular defects, such as lack of enzymes, or overproduction thereof, are associated with diseases that have seemed incurable in the past.

Cancer is a disease wherein the body’s own cells undergo uncontrolled multiplication and growth that leads to very unhealthy states leading to death. Cancer cells possess four characteristic properties which distinguish them from normal cells which are uncontrolled proliferation (growth), altered differentiation and loss of function, invasiveness and metastasis.

Thirteen of the patients had a dominant right hand (81.3%), while the remaining three had a dominant left hand (18.7%). The time it took for patients to have an exam following their injury varied widely, from four to 156 weeks, with the average being 32.9 weeks.

Using Gene Therapy as a Treatment for Cancer - Developments and Future Prospects This paper explores the scope of gene therapy for cancer treatment in the context of current developments and future prospects. Cancer is the second potential cause of death in Western countries.

He also provides insight to the reader through personal stories from health officials and the general American public. He narrates experiences of people from Alejandro, of an illegal alien from Ecuador, Abdul, and an Ethiopian native. These experiences substantiate the unpredictability of tuberculosis till today and the kind of stigma it surrounds.

Mother-child transmission of the virus is an area that receives much attention in research since breast milk is quite important for the health of babies but in this case, it is accompanied by the risk of passing the virus to the baby. Hence, considerable research efforts are placed in avenues of reducing the risk of this transmission.

The author observed that the disadvantages of using such materials are many including the use of toxic organic solvents, long fabrication periods, poor reproduction possibilities, poor connectivity of pores and thin structures, incomplete removal of residual particulates on the polymer matrix, limited control on shapes, irregularly shaped pores.

The paper will observe the prevalence of plots that had low intensity of both light and clover, in many of these plots no clover was present. These plots differed visually from other plots, as in these plots the soil was exposed and there was no vegetation of any species. In addition, there was animal faecal matter present.

Using a LRRK2 Drosophila Parkinson's disease model to investigate sleep disorder/dysfunction (non motor symptoms) of PD" Aim Elaborating a research proposal encompassing investigation of sleep patterns (specific non motor symptom) pertaining to the dopamine (and serotonin) neuron function in a Parkinson's disease model.

The author suggests that a closely related and often confused term is herd effect. It is used to describe the proportion of immune individuals in a population or the specific threshold population of immune individuals that when once achieved in a population, leads to decline in the infection incidence.

The author states that diseases which can not often be treated by the antibiotics include but are not limited to gonorrhea, pneumonia, wound infections, septicemia, and tuberculosis. This can partly be attributed to the fact that microbes and bacteria which spread the infections are quite flexible.

The author states that it was Shibasburo Kitasato who first isolated C.tetani and established its association with tetanus. Kitasato discovered that C. tetani spores were much more heat resistant and he used this understanding to isolate the tetanus spores. He also observed that C. tetani can be grown only in the absence of oxygen.