Biology Essays

Malaria is a tropical disease which is caused by Anopheles mosquito bite carrying Plasmodium parasite. Most effective measure to control the spread of Malaria is to destroy mosquitoes breeding sites by insecticidal sprays and the use of bed nets. DDT AND MALARIA ELIMINATION IN NIGERIA In this modern era, where Malaria and Poliomyelitis pose no major health concerns in any developed or developing country, Nigeria is still fighting the calamity.

PATHOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY MODEL DEGREE EXAM QUESTIONS PATHOLOGY PART Q1. Write a full description of the differences between Malignant and Benign neoplasm (you should have between 14-15 differences). In your essay you should draw up a table SIMILAR to the one below (Do not use the exact wording as the table below)

It may sometimes also contain traces of transition metal complexes (called organometallo) like nickel and vanadium (Lerner, 2011). The compositions of petroleum, and thus its physical and chemical properties, vary from place to place, and from area to area.

The aim of this study was to elucidate the blood group of four unknown samples both in terms of the Rh (D) and the ABO group. This was undertaken using grouping reagents that work to show the whether antigens for ABO or Rh (D) are present. Secondly, the study used antibody screening on two plasma samples to determine the presence of antibodies.

It is evidently clear from the discussion that birds are animals that evolved millions of years ago due to a number of factors in order to resemble the modern day birds. As more research is put forth on the origin and the evolution of birds, many results seems to be emanating day by day as new discoveries are made.

Evaluation of Mexican Diet 10-01-12 Evaluation of Mexican Diet Abstract: The report provides an in depth analysis on the fusion of Mayan, Aztec, Spanish and French culture which have shaped modern Mexican cuisine. The report throws light on the environmental factors which helped shape traditional Mexican diet and also provides information on the myriad of cultural influences which shaped modern Mexican cuisine.

From this research it is clear that the changes in the growth and protein synthesis of E.coli under stress makes it suitable as a bio-indicator of water pollution. Further studies are needed to examine the usefulness of detecting synthesis of specific stress proteins by E.coli as sensitive bio-markers of water pollution.

The report will cover the following: autism genetics; genetics and controversy; ethical issues to use genetic markers for autism; genome wide association studies; chromosomal abnormalities; submicroscopic copy number variation; genetic mechanisms involved in functional pathways; genetic counseling.

Parklands, college campuses, athletic fields, and farms have an interest in controlling the damage to turfgrasses from foot traffic. The consequences of heavy traffic to grasses, as well as soil are quantified. Measurements and variables are described that influence the height potential of turfgrass, as well as its ability to recover from the damage induced by foot traffic.

The increase in globalization and industrialization has brought about a climatic change not just at regional level but at a global level. Industrial activities have influenced air quality largely. The rapid rise in population and the demand of energy are the main causes behind the emission of toxic substance and gases being released into the atmosphere and hence causing major damages to the human society and the natural ecosystem.

It is evident from the study that G-protein Coupled receptors are found to play a major role in the development of bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is a genetic disease caused due to the mutations in the variants of the G-protein coupled receptor kinase 3(GRK3), present in the chromosome 22. The expression of the gene reduces the mood disorder symptoms.

Among the common examples of cancer include cancer of the breast cervix as well as cancer of the ovary. Unlike normal cells whose growth and development is regulated by the certain body mechanisms, cancerous cells are regarded as a menace owing to their ability to grow independently and an unbothered by neighbouring normal tissues.

Coral reefs are not exempted from the severe effects of global warming. By digging into various scholarly works in the area, the study finds that being the most fragile ecosystems on earth; coral reefs are highly vulnerable to variations in temperature levels.

CD180/RP105 EXPRESSION ON B CELLS IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS AND IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKIMIA by Student Name Course Professor University City Date Literature Review Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and the Role of Toll-like Receptors Introduction Without the immune system, humans would be defenseless against the large number of foreign molecules, many of which are dangerous and may be potentially fatal.

The conclusion from this study states that the transformation of bacterial cells requires a pre-exposure to Calcium Chloride in order to increase the chances of DNA uptake. Gene knock out is a possibility and the yeast cell proved that specific gene knock out and therapy can occur. The recombinant DNA technology has a revolution in molecular biology.

Title: Malham Field course report Date: 9th April 2012 Summary This report sought to determine the parasite fauna inhabiting two of the common rodents in Malham Tarn area – Wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus)) and rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). We assessed the population of endoparasites present in the two rodents by dissecting them and observing the parasites.

This summary briefly encloses smoking as one of the major risk factor for the decease lung cancer, but the major focus is on the outcome of smoking on diagnosis or recurrence of a second primary cancer; molds of continued and quitting smoking in patients with cancer. This data will help health experts caring for patients for the period of and subsequent to treatment.

Norman, 1997). They just ‘tell’ the receptors what to do, for instance, inhibiting the production of a certain enzyme. It is the secondary messengers that actually relay the signal or the message to the target cell. For example, epinephrine is the hormone responsible for the conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver cells.

1.0. INTRODUCTION Bacterial transmission has been aided by contact with living organisms as well as by non-living. This is with respect to the ability of infectious organisms to flourish on inert surfaces (Ellis, 2006). According to Shrutz (2003) the microbes also thrive in the air below the 500 feet altitude including spores of Bacillus and Clostridium, algae, Micrococcus, Corynebacterium among others.

The effect of RMB revalue to the economy of China. The research study will take into consideration the revaluation of RMB and the effect it had on the economy of China. The revaluation of RMB has been in the limelight in the recent discussions on political and economic affairs.

CONCLUSION: Extinction is a reality wake up call. The research shows that extinction reduced the quantity of organisms. The research indicates some animals and plants dropped out into extinction because they could not adapt. Clearly, the time period triggered the extinction process.

4 1.3. Aims and objectives of the study ………………………………………..…………. 5 1.4. Rationale ………………………………………………………………..……………5 2. Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ………………………………………..………….

The atomic bombing in Nagasaki and Hiroshima on August 6 and 9 in 1945, by the US government portrayed the magnitude of the damage that can be caused by the nuclear weapons. 90, 000- 160, 000 people in Hiroshima and 60, 000- 80,000 in Nagasaki died within the first two to four months of the bombings.

Tissue engineering, a concept that is still developing, broadly encompasses the creation of biological agents and the remodelling of specific body tissues or organs, in order to substitute, restore, regenerate or improve their functional effectiveness (Nerem and Ensley, 2004).

Its current devastating effects have caught the attention of the world health organization and other global health forums. Much of what scientists know about cancer surrounds the fact that cancer cells have a hyperactive division rate and proliferate to large numbers in a short period.

Toulouse, the capital city of the region of Midi-Pyrénées in France, is situated on the Garonne River side, in a plain midway between the Atlantic sea and the Mediterranean Sea.

One of them, arguably one of the most fascinating creatures that have ever lived on the earth is mammoths. It has been more than ten thousand years since mammoths, mighty and powerful creatures of that era, roamed the earth. These giant creatures were used to surviving in extremely cold environment and thus failed to do so once global climatic changes took place and when mankind ascended to civilization, wiping out any predator that came into their way.

In the worst clinical presentation, tuberculosis presents with serious necrotic to caseating granulomatous lesions in the lungs and other extra-pulmonary organs, such as the brain and liver. Granuloma formation is considered as a protective mechanism against a more serious spread of the bacteria to surrounding healthy tissues and organs.

Designer babies should not be legalized In the recent years, over the news media, newspapers, scientific journals, internet and research papers, many became astonished on hearing the term ‘designer babies.’ Designer babies becomes majorly based on the concept of one selecting traits that one wishes for his or her child to have.

Human evolution is a complex and puzzling process that many scholars have dedicated their efforts to unravel. The transformation of animals to human is a puzzling issue that attracts attention of the scientists to study systematic development of brains in genus Homo.

Medicaid initially spent approximately $4 per United States citizen in 1966 and though some States chose to implement the new Medicaid program right away others chose to wait until some data was available regarding the program’s success. By 1971 enrollment had reached 16 million with early projections being greatly underestimated with some forecasts projecting expenditures at half this amount.

The discovery and isolation of stem cells proved to be a in the history of molecular biology, and the medical sciences that they inform. In addition to the obvious advantages of providing a clear model for embryonic development, the discovery of stem cells is also a crucial milestone for genetic manipulation.

by the company. The research proposal starts with a brief description of the literature review, the research questions analysed intended to answer the reason as to how uncoordinated marketing strategy tended to reduce the international profits of Tesco and how the increase made in regards to the marketing and promotional expenditure with respect to loyalty schemes would obstruct the satisfactory compliance of marketing objectives of Tesco.

It is now recognised that DNA is constantly being damaged and repaired, and thus it is much more active than was previously considered. Damage to DNA occurs frequently from sources that are inside and outside the cell. This includes mutagenic environmental agents, such as chemicals which can be obtained both from the by-products of human industry and naturally from food product, as well as many other sources of mutation.

Every living organism needs some sort of food material to get energy for growth and development process. Plants and animals differ from each other in a manner that plants prepare their own provision by the process of photosynthesis, while animals consume these plants or other animals as a source of energy.

This proves that plant can only photosynthesize at the time of day. The rate of photosynthesis depends on the intensity of light. Other than this, there are other limiting factors of the process as well. Temperatures, Concentration of CO2, water, wavelength of light are some of the main limiting factors of the process.

All known vertebrates are broadly grouped in the phylum Chordata. This grouping takes into consideration a number of factors known as diagnostic factors. Therefore for an animal to be considered a chordate it must have or it had the following diagnostic features: Notochord: a long flexible rod of cartilage that runs along the body Pharyngeal gill slits: Are the holes or perforations along the neck or throat.

These colors range from bright yellow, grey, deep purple or sometimes rusty red. This iron is in the form of hematite, limonite, magnetite and siderite. Natural ores are usually ores carrying extremely high quantities of hematite or sometimes magnetite. The main reason for this is its usability in blast furnaces making iron.

The Pseudomonas Fluorescens SBW25 Wrinkly Spreader Biofilm requires attachment factor, Cellulose Fibre and LPS interactions to maintain Strength and Integrity Insert Name Course Tutor Institution Date Introduction Several bacteria have the ability to form huge assemblages on plant and animal surfaces and tissues, on biological sediments, detritus, soils and many other geological structures, as well as suspended flocs in water columns.

The author explains that the two experiments are done on the human and rat using an inducement of rTMS and stimulants respectively. The experimental study has the hypothesis of the inducement of either the rTMS or the stimulants triggering the dopamine production. In the two experiments, the brain is induced with rTMS.

Practical 1: Aim: To perform plasmid miniprep to isolate pBlueSkript KS II (+) from E.coli and to perform double restriction digestion on pProEx with the enzymes BamHI and Hind III to release the FtsZ insert. Secondly, to increase the efficiency of ligation by alkaline phosphatase treatment of the linearised plasmid.

The technology utilizes single step amplification of target DNA chain in isothermal condition (Mori & Notomi, 2009). LAMP utilizes the strand displacement property of DNA polymerase along the primers, FIP and BIP (inner primers) compiled of F2 (B2) and F1c (B1c), while F3 and B3 (outer primers) which distinguishes six different areas of the target DNA.

Bioremediation – Mycoremediation: the role of fungi to rescue the Oil spills Oil spill is a form of pollution that is mainly caused due to the release of chemicals, namely the liquid petroleum hydrocarbons, into the environment, particularly in the marine areas.

EXPRESSION OF RECOMBINANT TICK HISTAMINE-BINDING PROTEIN TC11485 FROM Rhipicephalus microplus USING PPICZ-ALPHA IN Pichia pastoris Abstract Histamine-binding proteins (HBP) are ubiquitous biomolecules with pharmacologic importance, since they have an immunosuppressing activity, which can help prevent adverse health conditions such as histamine shock.

Mechanisms 16 7. Therapy Implications 18 7.1 Vitamin E 19 7.2 Statins 20 7.3 Flavonoids 21 7.4 Implications 23 8. Future Work 23 9. Conclusions 26 10. References 27 1. Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent disease throughout the world, where suffers are unable to produce insulin or effectively use insulin, depending on which form of the disease that they have.

Moreover, it also occurs in the land. “Oil spills happen when people make mistakes or are careless and cause an oil tanker to leak oil into the ocean. Equipments breaking down may also cause oil spills.” (Oil Spills, 2002). The factors lying behind the marine oil spills are due to the human activity or through any natural disaster like storms and hurricanes.

A Critical Analysis of the Government’s Strategies for Attracting Foreign Direct Investment in Saudi Arabia Abstract Saudi Arabia’s Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) performance has been characterised as significant, but does not live up to the Kingdom’s full potential (UNCTAD, 2004).

In cancer cells, which have high levels of replication and inhibited cell death, DNA repair mechanisms can make treatment difficult, as the cells are able to correct changes that have been made by cancer treatments. Two methods of treatment where this is especially important are topoisomerase inhibitors and nucleoside analogues.

Table of Content List of Abbreviations: 3 List of Abbreviations 3 Acknowledgement 4 Abstract 5 1.0 Introduction 6 2 Materials and Methods 14 2.1 Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy 14 2.2 Investigation of Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells in infection assay with GFP-tagged Cj 15

Gao, Yao and Kaplan (2007) discuss how injuries in the cartilage are difficult to treat and that there are no durable repair options available for cartilages. Tissue engineering has merged the fields of biology, engineering, and surgery in order to establish ways in which cartilage regeneration can occur.