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Theories on work include McGregor's theory X and theory Y which explained the organizational change in the context of workers' behavior in the workplace.... theory X assumes workers' dislike for job or work: workers regard job as distasteful.... Managers in companies that accept theory X build a top-heavy organization with many levels of managers who are planning, deciding, and policing what everyone is doing (Fournies, 1999, p....
For instance, Noon has questioned the nature of human resource management and wanted to know if human resource management is a theory, map or model (Legge, Karen, 2004).... ne of the organizational theories, systems theory, says that all parts of a system must work together through a synergistic partnership for the entire system to function properly.... This theory can be used to illustrate the link between the organization‘s performance and how human resources, structure and technology support each other....
ntrinsic motivation has also been referred to in the self-determination theory (SDT), as the tendency to seek out challenges and novelty.... ertain traits are essential in a leader even if the trait theory has not been well accepted.... maratunga, D & Baldry, D 2002, Performance management in facilities management and its relationship with management theory and motivation, Facilities, vol.... allagher, WE & Einhorn, HJ 1976, Motivation theory and Job Design, The Journal of Business, vol....
The increasingly volatile environment within which organisations operate is under a dynamic state of flux.... One of the impediments which are imposed due to this constant change is the resistance to change.... ... ... n organisational settings, which is largely considered as an obstacle to expansion and growth and is known to have severe negative repercussions, if not addressed immediately....
This theory "Definition and Nature of theory" sheds some light on the theory that provides one of the main premises of research methods as it lays the foundation for constructing and testing hypotheses (Johnston, Leach, & Liu, 1999, p.... In this regard, Wacker (1998) argues that there are two conceptualizations of theory: 'formal definition and operationalization' (p.... Thus, theories are an expression of specifically defined domains that offer explanations of how and why causal links are formed 'so that the theory gives specific predictions' (Wacker, 1998, p....
The relationship between the US and China, for example, follows the classic pattern of prospect theory.... (Long & Mills, 2008: 404-405) Most multi-national enterprises are guided by prospect theory as well, and do little to mitigate conflicts while doing a great deal to avoid them; a conflict in one area “ties up the competition” and opens other areas for exploitation.... (2008) “Globalization, postcolonial theory, and organizational analysis: Lessons from the Rwanda genocide”....
The paper's objective is to promote sports administration to notice CSR as a prospect-driven perception which can help in getting improved strategic way, and to outline fields where potential study can develop sport administration's approval of this key issue.... ... ... ... The study talks about the responsibility of corporate social responsibility (CSR) within official football....
Explicating relationship management as a general theory of public relations.... communication with all the stakeholders and the relationships with all stakeholders which is also the central idea of above definition.... This focused engagement develops on precise the accurate message or communication.... Public relations professionals in the company plays effective role to mend the damage to its public image by effective communication (Van Leuven, 2012)....
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(2001) ‘Animation-Accomodation-Authorization theory of the human personality.... (2010) ‘Exposure to media and theory-of-mind development in preschoolers.... Thus, the proponent believes that animation is a powerful language which can effectively and successfully develop effective communication for children.... There is exponential advancement between media and communication technology (Goldstein and Usdin, 2008).... Handbook of communication and Emotion, 533-569....
A repeated and common feature of the oriental analysis is the confirmation of the theory that the orient community is mysterious, exotic, primitive, and lack the capability to govern their communities (Varisco, 2009:61).... A theory of the Media as Agents of Social and Cultural Change.... ther scholars argue that elites with power and authority use mass communication to spread their own cultures, ethical values, and philosophies with efforts to sustain and reinforce their position, power, and wealth....
The theory proposes that there be no limitations on property rights and market demand and supply be the main determinants of how businesses operate.... The theory favors free trade and comparative advantage.... The theory strongly opposes socialism and protectionism.... In the United States; leading advocates of neo liberalism are the Republican Party and Ronald Reagan is considered as a leading figure of this theory internationally....
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(2000) ‘Cue Utilization in communication of Emotion in Music Performance to
... (2000) ‘Cue Utilization in communication of Emotion in Music Performance to Perception'.... ased on this theory, a singer/performer can identify the theme, mood and general rhythm of the song.... From the experiment of Paterson's theory (2001)13, Rated movement cues could be used to characterize the different emotional intentions: Anger is primarily associated with jerky movements; Happy with large and somewhat fast and jerky movement; Sadness with slow and smooth movements; and Fear with small and somewhat irregular movements....
McQuail, D 2000, Mass communication theory, Sage Publication, London.... Network approach The main issue with the network approach by Global Media is that the model of communication is mainly linear.... According to McQuail (2000), this model of communication is criticised because it follows a linear channel from the sender to the recipient.... Indeed, the organisation is in business of marketing various products and services to different stakeholders but the problem is that the communication process is skewed in favour of the people who are responsible for designing the message....
urran, D 2013, What is a critical theory of the risk society?... A reply to Beck What is a critical theory of the risk society?... As mentioned above, practitioners can adopt different models of communication in designing risk communication strategies.... Public relations practitioners take up this responsibility and constantly manage communication lines between the publics and the organization.... Their main responsibility is to help the management adopt a systematic process when handling communication problems....
he author uses the narrative communication style to project his underlying belief in the manner that could easily be comprehended by the target audience.... Intercultural communication Studies.... Persuading people: an introduction to rhetoric.... This essay presents the conflict between higher education as the career revitalizer and the higher education as the academic satisfier which is presented in a controversial manner by Harlan Cleveland....
Guest also provides a theory and model of HRM, of which the intention was: "To develop a set of testable propositions and finally to arrive at a set of prescriptive policies" (Guest, 1987, 503).... he central hypothesis of Guests' theory is: " if an integrated set of HRM practices is applied with a view to achieving the normative goals of high commitment to the organisation plus high quality and flexibility, then higher worker performance will result" (Guest, 1997, 265)....
(2008) Teaching theory and Academic Writing: A Guide to Undergraduate Lecturing in Political Science.... communication 8
... orking with groups can be a challenging task, even for people who have exceptional communication skills.... Personally, I highly value cooperation and communication, as parts of group work, but I had never realized that groups cannot be uncontrolled.... he most common mistake when referring to communication is the belief that communication implies the discussion with other people in regard to various issues....
Cultural differences as well as differences in communication styles can also give rise to trust issues in the outsourcing relationship.... he factors that motivate organizations to outsource their IT functions may be understood by the transaction cost theory (Gottschalk and Solli-Saether, 2006).... The authors explain that under the assumptions of the transaction cost theory, organizations are motivated by a desire to reduce their overall transaction costs to become more efficient and competitive in their industry....
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igure: Movement between theory and observations in HCI practices [97]
... Pequeno, “Confirmation theory and the Logic of Inductive
... earning experience can also be facilitated by online communication platforms like Skype, chat messages, etc [16].
... Frechtling, “User-Friendly Handbook for Mixed Method Evaluations”, Division of Research, Evaluation and communication, 1997.
... Weber, “The rhetoric of Positivism Versus Interpretivism: A Personal View”,
...
Computer Technology in the police department It is assumed all over the world that police force have the responsibilities to provide security and protection for the citizens by minimizing crime at all levels, it has become necessary to have highly developed security equipment in order to face the new daily challenges....
For instance, a teacher who is knowledgeable of Piaget's Cognitive theory can tract progress of a child.... The theory helps teachers to determine if a student has learning disabilities or none.... A theory seems perfect until another one denies it.... A teacher's job is to test the theory and find out which of them is correct.... Among these are Behaviourist theory, Constructive theory, Social Constructivist theory and Multiple Intelligence....
he new conditions have raised issues about the nature of professional knowledge and particularly about the relationship between theory and practice in the context of work based learning.... Usually people in the beginning of their professional career try to put into practice all the ‘theory' they got in tertiary education and sometimes use it as their Bible.... After the first period of adaptation in the professional ring, they realize that, this effort towards applying theory to practice is not very helpful and that there is a strong need of a different knowledge field, which is more practical....
Discourse analysis is another area in communication studies that has taken influence from the works of Foucault, especially as it relates to the manifestation of power.... hat are the uses of critique in communication studies?... Critical social theory is one area that has benefited from the works and ideas of Foucault.... Critical social theory is one area that has benefited from the works and ideas of Foucault.... This idea is very important to communication studies....
One such theory is the Acquired Needs theory.... The theory tells that most of the people fall into three main divisions of needs, i.... Affiliation seekers are those who try to foster harmonious relationships, whereas achievers seekers concentrate their energy in excelling at the task that they aim to do (Acquired Needs theory 2011).... esides the Acquired Needs theory, I believe that I can also relate my life and practices with the Intrinsic Motivation theory....
Relatedly, and increasingly, there has been criticism of the absence, within orthodox labour process analysis, of "a theory of the subject"--an absence that accounts for its inability to appreciate and scrutinize the significance of subjectivity and identity in the organization of work and, by implication, its contribution to the reproduction and change that takes place in "the bigger picture.... It is now a well-voiced criticism that orthodox labour process theory struggles to explain "consent" in the employment relation (Burawoy, 298-302; Edwards 119-24)....
The paper 'The Systems theory in Creative Art Ecologies' focuses on the systems theory that is undoubtedly one of the significant theoretical perspectives applied in various fields.... In the context of the field of art and design, the theory is an integral aspect of both theory and practice.... The systems theory is derived from the concept of a system.... On the other hand, the systems theory has been defined using various perspectives depending on the area of study....
istorical Development Of Leadership theory in Medical
... esearch And theory To Solving Problems of Device Care
... e can credit path-goal theory for awakening leadership researchers to the moderating role of environmental factors on the relationship between leaders and followers.... In the tradition of path-goal theory, Kerr and Jermier argued that the leaders function is complementary, that is, to provide for subordinates direction or support that is missing in the environment (e....
‘rhetoric in the Public Sphere and the Discourse of Law and Democracy.... ills, Jill (1994), ‘Dependency theory and its relevance today: international institutions in telecommunications and structural power', Review of International Studies, no.... Social theory: The Multicultural and Classic Readings.... Lastly, liberal government and community monitoring programmes present illustrations of suggested and concrete cases of governments taking advantage of Internet resources to advance communication processes and in a number of instances or even regulate decision making on the basis of community contribution (Dahlgren, 2001)....
It is true that music is measured by social determination, and it is the society that desires to see music as an echo of a larger debate at the roots of educational and especially sociological theory.... For instance various music therapies encompass activities that help children in making their communication skills stronger or those who are in isolation have the opportunity to practice in socialising and interacting with each other and in developing certain motor skills....
lack D, (2004), The Geometry of Terrorism, Sociological theory, Vol.... More importantly, since such communication of terrorist threat is somewhat ill conceived, confusing, and inconsistent, it had concealed the failures and lapses in the security duties of the state (ibid, p.... The awareness campaign, post-9/11 rhetoric, framing terrorist as menace of democracy and freedom, war on terror, and others except terrorist political motivations are measures to recover trust deficit....
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This essay discusses celebrity advertising.... Companies use the attractiveness of a celebrity to communicate about their product or services to their target consumers and stakeholders.... The essay analyses the cost factor associated with these celebrities.... ... ... ... Celebrity advertisement is a popular practice among the marketer and professionals....
The paper "The Emotional and Cognitive communication Aspects of Fibromyalgia" presents the qualitative narrative methodology to establish the mental and cognitive aspects of FMS in two patients and their perceptions on the need for collaboration between doctors and FMS patients.... ...
Although the organization has been dramatically weakened, the alternative approach where they use such media as the internet to encourage independent cells without use of formal training has meant that the strategies employed may not fully address the challenges of terrorism with some evidence that based on group formation theory, the measures may heighten the risks of terrorism attacks.
... Such capabilities included a personnel system in place for recruitment, indoctrination, and vetting besides training, sufficient communication system to enable the direction and planning of major operation in addition to a intelligence system that would help in gathering information and form assessments of their enemies weaknesses and strengths (McCauley, 2005, p....
The handbook of conflict resolution: theory and practice.... Furthermore, great speeches from Martin Luther, President Obama and Morton have been discussed to show the interrelationship between conflict resolution, negotiation and communication.... In addition, it evaluates the importance of communication in a given organization and how it works to foster a good working environment.... Speeches with Power of persuasion In any organization, communication is usually vital and determines the prosperity of it....
According to this theory, the role of the CEO is 'one of strong leadership, responsible for the setting of the entreprise's direction, providing the dominant perspective and above all, articulating a vision.... This theory is, no doubt, useful for the present research and taxonomy of the strategic decision making as a whole, but even empirical researches of the related type this theory rarely finds is application.... It is not argumentative, that the notions of 'vision' and leadership have become the central in any strategic management discussion or conference at present, and the entrepreuneurial theory attributes these two notions to the role of the CEO in the organization; this is why it is more useful to devote more attention to the other related theories, which represent deeper knowledge on the subject and thus give more solid basis for the development of the strategic management decisions.
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The closer integration of the countries and people of the world are brought about by the enormous reduction of costs of transportation and communication, and the breaking down of artificial barriers of the flows of goods, services, capital, knowledge, and people across borders.... "An Introduction to Tourism and Anthropology" argues that the global argument against cultural change is a critical position reminding us of the challenge, as yet unmet, to conceptualize communities as a complex process of stability and change, and then to factor in the changes in tourism brings....
The definition states that "pragmatics is the study of all those aspects of meaning not captured in a semantic theory" or cannot be accounted by direct reference to the truth conditions of the sentences that are said.... The problem that lies in this definition is that the scope of pragmatics would vary according to the kind of semantic theory adopted.... The author has explained that in any kind of semantic theory, the features of meaning could not be accommodated if the notion is to have an inner consistency....
The Sapir-Whorf theory lays out the linguistic determinism versus linguistic relativity.... This does not deter much from the Linguistic relativism theory that states that a language influences how an individual can theorize his or her world.... This supports the theory of language determinism.... People are able to adapt to new behaviors when new information comes up, for instance new technology, even if a previous behavior pattern had been established hence creating a loophole in the Sapir-Whorf theory (Weiten 1992; 328)....
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The agency theory argues that organization structure powerfully influences internal communications in large complex organizations.... However, in theory, geographically dispersed MNCs should encourage headquarters to give more delegation for their subsidiaries in order to attain faster responsiveness to local conditions, to cope with unexpected problems and to react timely with unexpected opportunities.... This theory can also prove to be disadvantageous in crisis situations when subsidiaries managers may not act correctly and the headquarters could be too late in imposing a corrective action....
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In the paper 'Major Powers in Business Management,' the focus will be on the role of power in the organization.... The objective will be to find out what constitutes power, what are the several external and internal influences, and how power is related to the overall performance and success of an organization....
The utility of advertising in disseminating information is explained by conventional demand theory.... This theory of advertising suggests that the consumers are provided with adequate information by thriving advertising cultures.... ractically analysing the theory discussed by Mohan (2008), it can be argued that a temporary withdrawal of advertisements would profoundly impact the market share enjoyed by Dolce & Gabbana.... In macro-level theory, businesses overemphasize upon materialism; reinforce debatable stereotypes, develop false values and problematic behavior....
Name of the Student Business Name of the Concerned Professor 15 August 2012 Beauty Matters Most of the people associated with business in an academic or professional context do many a time wonder as to the role an individual's looks and beauty play in one's professional success.... ... ... ... In the article Do Attractive People have an Advantage in Business and in Life by John S Croucher, the writer intends to address the curiosity of the readers affiliated to a more factual and objective bent of mind, regarding the relevance of personal attractiveness in professional and business success....
Because of the limitation of data and the very limited past research, this study makes progress to contribute to extending theory and practice.... Managerial best practices include good communication of new regulations, rules, policies, and programs; however, managers need to be more involved and be inclusive in the diversified work environment....
ntriguingly, Wilber's integral theory with its remarkable implementation in an all-inclusive community of professionals imitates on a communal plane the incredible interconnectedness of the human brain.... The Conscious Mind: In Search of a Fundamental theory.... communication between the two will be much easier than in a normal brain.... The other side of the brain will have strong communication between the negative hippocampus and the negative amygdala....
They used TOEFL dialogue items and Equated Delta, an item difficulty index from classical test theory, to predict item difficulty.... Running Head: STUDENT PORTFOLIO ASSESSMENT Student Portfolio Assessment [Name] [University} Second Language: Testing & Evaluating Listening Skills Introduction Listening was once the forgotten skill in second language research (Ovando, Collier & Combs, 2003)....
The results although present slight differentiations - because of the differences in the corporate structure, objectives and market conditions - prove that proactive communication between the firm's leaders and its employees can support the financial development of the firm both in the short and the long term.
... n fact, in a study made by Madlock (2008, 61) in which about 220 individuals participated (workers of firms in Midwest) it was revealed that there is 'a strong relationship between supervisors' communicator competence and their task and relational leadership styles, with supervisor communicator competence being a stronger predictor of employee job and communication satisfaction' (Madlock, 2008, 61)....
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This paper "Significance of the Command and Control System" focuses on the fact that the contemporary period is marked by rapid growth and development the fields of computer and information technology, in the sciences and other facets of the society that are deemed necessary in attaining the life....
From a small beginning, within ten years, it has developed into a medium sized business that is now posing a challenge for larger players mainly due.... ... ... However they face peculiar problems that result in very low returns in the business that affects the morale of both the management and the workforce.
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The mobilization theory on trade unions has hypothesised that the perceived social injustices have a mobilizing role as far as workers and trade unions are concerned (Kelly 1998; Johnson and Jarley, 2004).... McIlroy (1995) has also expressed reservations regarding the ‘renewal' theory of trade unionism.... September 2004, ‘Justice and union participation: An extension and test of mobilisation theory', British Journal of Industrial Relations, 42:3, pp....
In these regards, communicative competence theory is explored in regards to teaching foreign language reading, with the crucial importance of incorporating such techniques into foreign language instruction.... Second language reading theory dates back to the inception of psychology as a formal discipline with cognitive theorists such as William Wundt.... Communicative Competence Key Principles Research on communicative competence reading theory differs greatly in its exact definition, with each offering slight variations of perspective....