Psychology Essays

Forensic psychologists work in cooperation with law enforcement officers, conduct research, counsel legislators concerning public policy, and function as expert witnesses, among other duties. They play a significant role in the society, particularly in issues concerning crime and delinquency.

Personality disorders have been broadly classified into 10 specific types like a paranoid personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder, borderline personality disorder etc. (American Psychiatric Association, p.685). There can be many subcategories as well as distinct groupings involving these categories.

The young ones with disabilities look at life from a very pessimistic angle because they believe that their lives have come to an end, and that they cannot move ahead further in life. What is important to know is how they are able to sustain pressures within their folds and what more they could do to keep themselves mentally and physically strong.

Islamophobia is an example of a modern prejudice that is against detestation, or terror of Islam or Muslims. This term became more common after the September 11, 2001 attacks in the US. It mainly refers to a kind of political discourse that is prejudicially hostile to pro-Islamic argument.

The animal has no power over the two things that are related with the learning. The animal has no control over it’s environ in classical conditioning. On the other hand, in operant conditioning, the animal makes the connection linking things that take place at the same time in that environ. The animal learns to generate a consequence in an environment, frequently a reward.

Apart from these legal uses, heroin is also peddled illegally and is sold in the streets to drug users. Heroin is highly addictive and its prolonged leads to addiction. Heroin addiction can be described as a situation in which a person cannot control their uptake of heroin despite their knowledge of its negative/adverse effects.

According to the paper autism is more than three times more likely to occur among boys than in girls. The exact cause of autism is unknown to the medical community, but there are variety of factors that combined could be causing the disease. Children born with autism require a lot of care and attention.

Medical practitioners on the other hand, have advised their patients to use various methods among them medical, physical and psychological in dealing with the disorder. Of all the methods recommended to patients, physical activity is the most widely used due to its positive effects on the patient.

The processes typically studied by Cognitive Psychology include Attention, Perception, Memory, Problem solving, Creativity and many other processes. Cognitive functions occur at every moment of every day; and thus are part of every human action.

Various theories may be used in order to explain such actions and behaviour and to explain the trends and patterns of one’s actions. These theories help develop an understanding of such behaviour, with the end goal of addressing the root cause of negative behaviour.

Substance abuse or drug abuse occurs when an individual starts using a drug more than usual or for reasons other than medical treatment. These drugs do not necessarily have to be dependence causing drugs, such as heroine and hash. Everyday painkillers or other medicinal drugs could be taken in high dosages and be termed as substance abuse.

The study and understanding integrates theory, science, and clinical knowledge with the aim of understanding, relieving, and preventing psychological distress or dysfunction, in order to promote personal development and subjective wellbeing of an individual (Priestley & McGuire, 1983).

These conflicts have been associated with claims represented in the method of declarations, presentation to and the sustenance of these purported claims by the populace, conflict that did not result into fatalities, conflicts that involved losses and “inter-ethnic combat”.

The first part of the paper shall study the definition of the term ‘identity’ and the second part of the paper shall seek the description of insider and outsider viewpoints. This peculiarity is then demonstrated using two dissimilar identity theories and the readings that were used in their investigation.

Put differently, the skills that children acquire at this point in time have a direct influence on their behavior when they grow up. The respective skills are in most cases influenced by the type of the environment that the children are exposed to at this particular time.

Where genetic determinants have not been conclusively identified, psychological stress factors as determinants of bipolar disorder have been inferred to be a rich research vein, in light of findings that implicate such stress factors to the disorder's onset and recurrence.

For a firm to sustain productivity and outdo competition in service delivery, its internal stakeholders must be in the correct state of mind. Therefore, the firm must play its role in the positive psychology of employees, and create a working environment that enables employees to be at their best state of mind for optimal productivity.

Every person fights to be happy. In fact, human life is about fighting for happiness. We fight to join the best colleges because we believe they give us an upper hand in getting the best jobs. We work extra hours to earn a lot of money because we believe money is an avenue to happiness.

Violence in children is becoming an increasingly recurring phenomenon because of several reasons. Most of them include the atmosphere that the child has been brought up within. Under this, either a child is subject to violence and is forced to witness his family members committing violent actions on a regular basis, or he is pampered to such an extent that by throwing tantrums and being a little violent he is able to get with what he wants while getting away with violence.

Capabilities of accessing each hemisphere in isolation or through processing in each different hemisphere among people are challenging. Holistic processing could be undertaken using varied forms of facial expression. In these instances, the brain will take time to recognize differences in expression if similar expressions are used.

Freud theorized instinctive drives and unconscious motivations rooted in the intrapsychic significantly affect the average person’s thoughts, emotions, feelings, and actions. Often, Freud insists that intrapsychic conflict that had not yet been successfully overcome precipitate to one’s sexually inappropriate behavior.

According to Fernald (2008: 12 – 15), through having an analysis of the mental functions based on how human beings behave, psychology can work on founding the general principles thus, can be applied for research purposes. Because of such established functions of the psychological research, Coon and Mitterer (2008: 15 – 16) stated that the society benefits in return from this.

Psychology can be regarded as a multiple discipline, which entails a variety of subfields such as human development, health, cognitive processes, sports, and clinical social behavior. Psychology also includes the study of the complex human mind and the interaction of human beings with one another in regard to their thinking patterns.

    Diary of an Anorexic Girl. Anorexia refers to the reduced sensation in a person’s appetite. Anorexia can also be used to refer to anorexia nervosa. There are a number of causes for a decrease in appetite, several of them may be harmless, while others may pose a tremendous risk or highlight a severe clinical condition.

They are families formed through remarriage of divorced or widowed parents who have been left with children. Therapists refer to these arrangements as blended families in order to create good terms during counseling of families. This is done in order to create possibilities of the new arrangements, and guide the patients effectively than during earlier times.

The initial cases of PTSD were most common in soldiers who had just been at war. The most interesting thing about PTSD is that the soldiers who were affected started to feel its toll once they were out of the battlefield. For as long as they were on the battlefield they were okay. This brings in the environmental angle in as far as PTSD is concerned.

Festinger and Carlsmith maintained the notion that individuals evaluate themselves and their beliefs based on the expectations of others. People would alter their beliefs or opinions accordingly depending on the strength of the opposing authority. The subsequent experiment was undergone to determine how much authoritative influence, if any, played a role in the compliance of subjects, and the ease at which they would disregard their personal beliefs for those of the majority.

This course has introduced me to various psychological theories and ideas. An important model that I have learnt in one of the course modules includes the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT). This is a psychological concept of people’s behavior that is based on the Albert Bandura’s work (Plotnik & Kouyoumjian, 2011).

Abnormal Psychology Declaimer This study seeks to highlight Ludwig Van Beethoven’s psychological condition via using varied credible sources with an intention of creating an informative literature. Mainly, this entails utter evaluation of key sources’ content against the conventional argument presented by numerous and varied authors.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) provides a detailed classification system for the diagnosis of mental health disorders. DSM-IV uses a five-axis model for the diagnosis and treatment options. DSM applies several criteria while defining obsessions and compulsions as per the following.

However, its peak was founded on the ground-breaking effort of several neuroscientists who, in mid-20th century, introduced the notion of the functional connections between behavior, emotions, and the brain (Miller & Cummings, 2007). More accurate knowledge of the physiological and neuro-anatomical features of the psychiatric condition revealed several important brain processes, which when removed, may improve the clinical state of the disorder.

This chapter opens with the author describing in minute detail how he conducts sleep experiments, and in the process he discusses one of the machines vital to this research: the electroencephalograph. This machine, while necessary in observing the brain and body during sleep, is fairly simple in design and function.

Moreover, child mistreatment is associated with aberrations in brain development as well as physical illnesses, which necessitate clear imperative for identifying, disseminating effective psychological treatments for such maltreated children in a timely manner.

The main character of the movie that has PTSD is Major Bennet "Ben" Marco who had recurring dreams of what happened on his unit during the Gulf War. One of Maj. Marco's fellow soldier , Corporal Melvin had the same dream where he, Marco and Shaw (supposedly rescued Marco's unit and was awarded Medal of Honor) was in a big room with an incoherent recollection of their lost unit.

In that context, if I speak of my family, I simply have no idea of my biological family and for me family life primarily happened to be shuffling from many foster homes and shelters. Yet, I am proud to say that I made the best of what providence gifted to me and have been immensely successful in developing a balanced and poised personality.

The processes involved in constructing such test items that achieve their purpose is called test development (Breiman, et al, 2009). The degree to which the test gives a total representation of all social constituent is referred to as content validity (Icove et al, 2005).

Accordingly, the following review and analysis will consider Susan Krauss “The lure of celebrity endorsements” article. Through such a review, it is the hope of this author that the reader will be able to come to a more informed understanding of the way in which psychology is used to effect marketing and advertising purposes within the current society.

The analysis will focus on Rogoff school of thought, where brain development is determined at an early age. Memory plays a part in day-to-day activities and majorly depends on ones cognitive ability to develop. An analysis will determine whether the environment determine ones future ability.

From the assessment on Wanda’s family life, an intervention plan that is designed to strengthen her relationship with her three daughters and resolve the conflicts in the family would be an appropriate course of action in changing her aggressive behavior. With her case as a single parent who is burdened by responsibility in the family.

When two people are conversing, the content of the voices deliver not only the speech, but other social information that enhance interaction and impression. Certain spoken words that do not express the language itself, such as mmmh, hah, prrrr and many more are not English words, but are used to shed more meanings in people communication.

People usually conform to the peer pressure to resolve external conflicts such as social rejection. But to do so, people usually end up developing an internal conflict with one’s own standards.

I have had challenges in conflict resolution and thus I will discuss this concept in depth. To address this problem I will use assertion, listening and nonverbal communication concepts to address the conflict resolution problem. This paper discusses the concept of conflict resolution and how assertion, listening and nonverbal communication skills are used to address this issue.

The present research has identified that Postpartum Depression has a prevalence of about 20%-26% of young adolescent mothers who give birth. A similar prevalence has been observed in new fathers, with maternal depression being the most reliable predictor of paternal depression during the puerperium.

The researcher states that a person with depression has to face difficulties in his/her daily activities and cannot perform daily functions in a normal and regular manner. Depression does not only affect a single individual, but also his/her family and friends. Depression is also associated with many chronic diseases and this can lead to high rates of mortality.

Along with this increase comes the increase in internet shopping by consumers. This research examines the behaviors, motivations, and attitudes of this new form of consumer entity. Online consumer behavior has been studied for over 20 years and will undoubtedly be the source of many future researches as internet consumerism expands.

In order to be diagnosed with OCD, an individual must present with recurrent obsessions and/or compulsions that are severe enough to cause marked impairment in everyday functioning. Obsessions are defined as persistent ideas, thoughts, impulses, or images that are perceived as intrusive or unwarranted, and lead to marked anxiety or distress.

Cultural beliefs are transmitted by the use of words and language. Words alone are meaningless until they are applied within a designed context. For example stories and proverbs are frequently used to provide moral lessons that reflect the values from within the society.

Nowadays, however, certain occupations demand long working hours or night shifts. Physicians have to stay awake at night for their 24 hour shifts. People in the field of outsourcing have to work in the night to get in touch with their clients based in different time zones.

The author states that it becomes evident that the school of thought following stream of consciousness in its work shares many similarities in the writings. All these writers observe delicacy and neatness of mind and environment all around them. All the writers of this school of thought complete the story with the help of least number of characters.

The World Health Organization (WHO) defined obesity as a disease characterized by excess body fat, as measured through a Body Fat Mass Index and this health condition associates it with other health related problems. Obesity is proven a lifestyle disease and is associated with cardiovascular diseases.