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Ans. The phrase ‘imagined community’ was first coined by Benedict Richard Anderson in his 1983 book Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origins and Spread of Nationalism. He used it to define the word nation and to trace the origin of nationalism. Nation, according to him is as an imagined community because his studies of the concept reveal that it first came into being as a product of social construct rather than an actual and real entity.
However, by the passage of time these objectives of OIF actually altered i.e. changed from the elimination of the Saddam rule to the a more detailed and open ended assignment of enabling the Government of Iraq (GoI) to develop economic stability, strengthen security and found a democratic system of government.
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The Revolutionary Terrorism in its various forms came into being for certain reasons like for gaining political power or authority among other issues. But due to the fighting and attacks, there have been a lot of sufferings that have occurred in the lives of the general people. The act of any terrorist group of any nation creates unrest and due to this unrest, the political, as well as international relations, gets hampered.
Nathanson opined that qualification of knowledge depends partially on the normative beliefs of political gatekeepers although there is an enormous certifiable knowledge that legitimates policy decisions where demand for technological and scientific knowledge to guide and inform, or bolster public policy is enormous.
The provisional reference "the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" is currently always used in relations involving states which do not recognize the constitutional name, "Republic of Macedonia". All UN member-states, and the UN as a whole, have agreed to accept any final agreement resulting from negotiations between the two countries.
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, Research Proposal
Americans obtain health insurance through a combination of private coverage under employers’ contribution scheme, out of pocket private contribution, and those who are unemployed, without employers’ contribution or unable to purchase insurance under out of pocket schemes are under government Medicare program.
It is accepted that scholars analyzing today’s international relations need to gain a historical perspective on contemporary events and behaviors. While the value of considering history in the development of an understanding of the modern world is recognized, it is not always clear how far back the scholar should look. The dates 1492, 1648 and 1815 can be seen as accepted starting points for the historical development of the political system.
The presupposition of an anarchic system is thus valid as the international system is leaderless. Therefore, there is no universal sovereign or global governance, no hierarchical superiority of power that can resolve disputes, enforce the law and order the system. But that does not encourage us to define anarchy as a world of chaos, disorder or conflict. It simply reflects the order of the international system that comprises of independent states.
As the European Union enters the 21st century, it has certain goals and objectives on how to deal with the issues it faces. To tackle unemployment, labor mobility between member countries is considered, different measures are being taken to achieve Kyoto targets and most of all strengthening relations internally and externally to end terrorism and other security threats.
All of the war policies were driven by government reaction to the opinions of those in opposition. The second was that the Vietnamese knew that the Americans did not have the stomach to fight a guerrilla war, even with vastly superior numbers. Because of this, the Vietnamese could retreat into the jungles and rice paddies, and wait for the Americans to tire of the mysterious, unseen enemy, and slink out of the country.
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, Literature review
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After 9/11, the threat of war had been looming large, especially with President George Bush coming out with knee-jerk jingoistic reactions, which was pardonable considering the shock and dismay generated by the incident. Then came the actual war in 2003. The question of the political expediency of the War of 2003 was drowned in a collective American fear of threats to security.
Nation-states have lexical priority over all other institutions and their national interests are defined in terms of power; every state aims at the satisfaction of these interests by maximizing power. The primary motive for all states is survival, and beyond this motive, their persuasions could range from hegemonic zeal to isolationism.
It can be concluded that global warming has emerged as a major challenge. It is not only causing harm to the environment but also destabilizing the whole world by bringing about huge instability in modern life. To counter the threats posed by the current climate change steps have to be made with due attention.
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, Personal Statement
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Americans have moved beyond the old liberal vs. conservative argument on government and so should Congress. We will be getting a smart government with the power to rebuild America if we support the President’s stimulus package.” Mr. Obama viewed that to meet broader economic goals it is utmost necessary to increase government spending necessary to create new jobs.
Margaret Thatcher is one of the prominent world leaders who have influenced world politics a lot during the second half of the twentieth century. Apart from a great administrator, she was a great diplomat as well. The strong desire to succeed was evident even from her early childhood. She was never afraid of the criticisms and never shied away from implementing policies that she was sure of bringing success.
Absolute deprivation is touched upon in terms of the American definition of poverty, which generally varies from relative to absolute. This essay discusses absolute deprivation and the effects of globalization on this form of poverty. The prospects for the empowerment at the outset of the present century may be less promising than at the outset of the last.
In assessing the Middle East’s place in geopolitics, there are three striking aspects that would need discussion. First is an exploration of the issues that would be at the forefront of the Middle East today and the immediate future. Second is whether the Middle East will be an important part of U.S. policy and whether Europe would be involved in the Middle East?
Esping-Andersen’s classification is limited to income and decommodification and does not account for other factors of states’ performance, e.g. gender relations. Finally, the rapid speed of political, social, and economic globalization changes the meaning of welfare. Today, Esping-Andersen’s vision of welfare states needs to be reviewed, to adjust its political and economic principles to the new conditions of state performance in Europe.
However, China has been noted as being anti-reformist especially due to its continued infringement on human rights whereby citizens are arrested and detained arbitrarily for unjustifiable reasons such as dissidence. The US is a favorable country to invest in owing to its long history of peace, stability, and legal frameworks that promote transparency and predictability.
What is certain, however, is that these individuals often face significant risks to their safety and livelihood and that the United States has an obligation to ensure their security in the years ahead whether it is through increased material support of the Iraqi government or repatriation to the United States. To abandon this sizable refugee population to reprisals and violence is irresponsible and will hurt America in future efforts abroad.
While there are factions amongst both who want to seize power for themselves at the cost of economic and social development, the spirit and patriotism of the rest of the community are hard at work at making sure that they build a safe and successful haven for themselves. There are many setbacks and many hurdles to cross before either Mogadishu or Little Mogadishu reaches the level of self-sufficiency.
Other models that can be used to theorize the changes in the international system include Marxism, the center-periphery theory, and globalization. However, the best explanatory theory is realism. The international system has changed because Americans must remain on guard not only against terrorism but also about the root causes of it.
An understanding of the two scenarios on the basis of the effects of corruption helps one in determining the more serious act of stealing. Thus, according to Rogow and Lass, “a corrupt act violates responsibility toward at least one system of public or civic order and is in fact incompatible with (destructive of) any such system.
NATO, sure of its place and continued utility following the fall of the Berlin Wall, the collapse of state-led communism in Europe and the abrogation of the Warsaw Pact, integrated former Warsaw Pact members into its collective defense and military alliance. On March 12 1999 Hungary, Poland, and the Czech Republic joined NATO as full members.
The emphasis on the development of an efficient, environment-friendly, clean and efficient bus transport network was driven by the need for sustainable transport policy. Such a policy needed to minimize the use of environment-damaging transport vehicles like cars and lorry, increase the frequency and time of journeys by road by introducing more environmentally friendly modes of travel.
The political and economic system of East Asia is deeply tied to their rich and diverse culture; and the process of assessing such systems should be based on that context. According to the paper by Kim (p. 54), East Asia political systems have two major characteristics and these include the unipolar nature (hardware) of the political power and the paternalistic power relations of its culture (software).
Lifting the embargo then can lead to positive changes in Cuban society. The effects can give the country new chances of improvement even in the socialist form of government. The country will be open to new technologies, thus, a new chance for the progress of the different sectors. The social issues related to the embargo such as human rights problems can be lessened.
Diplomacy is one of the approaches that highly weaponry sophisticated countries try to use to ask others to stop the production, spread, and use of weapons of mass destruction. Through diplomacy, limitations on the production, spread, and use of most destructive weapons are imposed on consenting and collaborating partners. Limitations are normally implemented through agreements and treaties that are internationally recognized and accepted.
In the study of Morris et al. (2009), it is noted that traditionally, the shareholders exercise their influence on the management through their voting right; however, the shareholder activism has resulted to the increase of the power of shareholders to influence the decisions of the top management in regard to key organizational issues.
Brazil’s economic developments have enabled it to pursue global political and diplomatic roles that it aspires to. Brazil is the leading country in South America and has initiated regional cooperation movements with mild success. But the economic dependence of its neighbors on Brazil has given it immense clout in the region.
Peace in Sudan is important for the country as well as the international community. Much damage has been done and there is need to find a lasting solution. The efforts to achieve peace have been made difficult by the sour relations between Sudan and other nations and international bodies. Most of the negotiations have characterized by stiff conditions and unwillingness to allow the full implementation of CPA.
The value for money for utilization in distinct countries is determined by the exchange rates. The exchange rates entail the utilization of interconversion figures from a value in one country, for ease of use in another country. Two main types of exchange rates are in existence, whose determinants are the usage terms and regulations.
The member of the executive committee shall first propose his idea regarding any amendment to an existing rule or a new rule in a relevant online discussion forum. All members of the organization are free to express their views through this panel. This ensures that all members are given a chance to participate in the governing process.
In this regard, it is fair to say that the ideas of Immanuel Kant, Jeremy Waldron and John Rawls comprise the origins of this field of inquiry. The growing stature and relevance of the subject to the present times is reflected in the rapidly growing body of literature pertaining to it (Buchanan, 2004).
Apart from introducing immediate changes in the context of national and international policymaking, it also is important that discriminative outlook should be replaced by empathetic observation of the situation. Both leaders of international politics and common people must learn to empathize and adopt a far more tolerant attitude towards people belonging to different cultural domains.
Through his inauguration address, Barack Obama has raised patriotic spirit in his audience. He has mentioned various losses, which the nation has faced and the steps, which they should take to take the country to a more stable and prosperous position. He has talked about equal rights and values, which should be adhered to by the American population.
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, Research Paper
This study is important primarily because it addresses a very crucial contemporary issue – understanding the relation of private contractors with the government. This becomes urgent considering the big amount of taxpayers’ money being used to pay for the services of the contractors whose number and role continue to increase in the government, especially in the Military.
In the recent past, the numbers of countries that supported democracy were very few. This meant that international relations among countries were not good but currently there are more than 120 countries established that are democratic. The political situations have changed and many countries do not support dictatorial leadership and hence the nature of democracies changing dramatically so as to obtain democratic peace in the countries.
In their enthusiasm to drive home their points, both candidates have resorted to the rhetoric that does not essentially allow us to categorize their stance within the limits of theories such as realism, liberalism, Marxism, constructivism, feminism, etc.
The most prominent outcome of industrial revolution will be the two isms that divided the world into two poles, which led to the most destructive wars and changed the geopolitical references and the map of the world. Capitalism ruled the world through various means and ways. To challenge capitalism socialism came into existence, which also took different forms like democratic socialism and Marxist socialism.
As one looks at the history of political assassinations, the two aspects of divine right and expediency measure strongly within the phenomenon. An individual or group decides that a person goes against the interests that are relevant to that group or individual, who then act to change the course or nature of the societal policy. Some acts have remained shrouded in mystery, while others were publicly accredited to the group responsible.
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It will argue that Iran’s nuclear program has been shrouded in secrecy and that the United States, along with its allies, is doing all it can to deter Iran from pursuing a uranium-enrichment program that will lead to the production of a nuclear weapon. It will also argue that Iran has some reasons which can be considered logical for pursuing a nuclear program.
A big proportion of this informal labor market has employed immigrant workers who work under very poor conditions hence affecting the rate of deterioration of the working conditions in the formal sector. Since most of the workers are underpaid, their standards of living are very low in addition to the increased rates of unemployment thus the class has been labeled as “the working poor”.
Like all other policies pursued by the progressives, this has divided the political parties in a bitter partisan way and it remains to be seen how well this piece of legislation progresses in the House and Senate. The progressive agenda is built around the concept of a society that welcomes immigrants and also safeguards the country against illegal immigration.
Democracy is a leadership system associated with a majority rule. A liberal democracy can be defined as a form of democracy where there is real democracy and a competitive political process. There are different kinds of democracy used worldwide and an example is the liberal democracy.
African influenced greatly the fullness and richness of American culture through their contributions that have not been recognized. Cultural contribution includes dairy industry development in America, artificial insemination zero-grazing, cure of snake bites, and coming up with viable vaccines in the treatment of smallpox.
The main concern is why enlargement is supported by Britain and not deepening. The essay will start by providing succinct definitions of “widening” and “deepening” before providing a link between the two concepts with respect to the EU. Finally, the reason Britain supports the widening of the European Union as opposed to its deepening will be analyzed.
The convergence of governance systems for the corporate sector at the global level can be considered as a hypothetical concept which has become a debatable issue among the researchers dividing them into two separate groups. The essentiality of the governance system can be considered to be important in the context of saving the interest of stakeholders and the consumers.
This assignment also discusses why it has been so difficult for China’s leaders to successfully arrange for stable leadership succession, in what ways the institutional reforms of the Deng era have made effective policy-making difficult, how the leaders have sought to overcome these problems, in what ways state-society relations have changed in the three-plus decades since Mao’s death and what the prospects of a society-led political transition in China are.
The perception held about America as a dictatorial force disguised as a democracy campaigner in the Middle East cross the lines of American interests in natural resources of the region, including oil. Nuclear proliferation among risky hands in the region poses the worst headache for America since the retaliatory thinking still looms in the region.