Physics Essays

The concepts of the transfer of heat and energy from one substance to another have been greatly used in practice. One such application is the heat exchanger which is used to transfer thermal energy between different fluids, between solids and fluids, or between a fluid and solid particulates, at different temperatures and in thermal contact. 

Different types of materials have different thermal conductivity. Metals have the highest values of thermal conductivity because they good conductors of heat. Insulating materials have low values of thermal conductivity as they are poor conductors of heat. The higher the insulation property, the lower the value of thermal conductivity.

It has to be noted however that the severities of the above ignition sources as well as causes of fire have been documented differently. Before expounding on each source, this study has taken a case study as presented in the report by Fire Dynamics (2010) Simulator on the severity of different sources of ignition in the United Kingdom. 

The conservation of energy is simply the first law of thermodynamics which states that the rate of change of heat inside a fluid element is equal to the flux of heat into the element and the rate of working done by forces acting on the mass of the element or on the surface of the element (Rexfort, 2004).

The Electrospun Nanofiber diameter decreases with the increase in the collector to the capillary distance. When the capillary to collector distance is too small, the solvent is not exposed to complete evaporation for sufficient time thus the nanofibers formed have flat shapes (Agarwal, et al., 991).

Though reverberation time is never recommended to be measured by recording the room response to the excitation with an impulsive source because of no repeatability of that kind of measurement, we have discovered that this method is suitable since the results are normally in good agreement with those outcomes obtained using other methods.

Microwaves according to the Food and Environmental Hygiene Department are electromagnetic waves with a frequency between 300 to 300,000 MHz. After the absorption of the energy, polar ions, as well as molecules in the food, will collide or rotate consistently with the changing heat, and the electromagnetic field is then generated for cooking.

Therefore, with the introduction of atomic clocks, scientists can reveal the truth regarding Einstein's assumptions about how time can speed up or slow down depending on whichever person is drawing the observation. On the whole, from this concept comes the idea that the greater the gravitational pull on a clock, the slower time runs.

Variation in the type of saturant and its dependability on the heterogeneity of the rock, pressure, and temperature control the elastic properties of the rocks. Moreover, it is important to characterize heterogeneities to acquire physical parameters and understand the mechanic's flow within the carbon reservoirs.

The laws of thermodynamics dictate energy behavior, for example, how and why heat, which is a form of energy, transfers between different objects. The first law of thermodynamics is the law of conservation of energy and matter. In essence, energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it can, however, be transformed from one form to another. 

Both the nylon and the polycarbonate have similar melting points since they both follow the same principle that when the environment is hotter, the temperature of the material is hotter as well. However, during glass transition, the molecular arrangement found in either the nylon or the polycarbonate affects the temperature increase or decrease. 

Penetration resistance is widely used to measure soil compaction. In general soil with penetration resistance values of more than 2000 kPa (2 MPa) is considered to limit plant growth. Penetration resistance is highly sensitive to moisture content. It is also influenced by soil texture and bulk density.

The programme has been used successfully across a wide range of business applications in both manufacturing and service industries. Through the years, it has undergone facelifts and currently incorporates many functionalities. The programme is suited to environmental modelling since its ease use allows for flexibility and rapid deployment of the applications.

Several types of research have supported this study with a further study of gravity and acceleration. A small body accelerates in a gravitational field at an equal rate as the center of the mass of an object. This study, therefore, has a basis of the size of the object to the gravitational force law whereby smaller objects have a high speed.

Atoms form an important aspect of particles in nature. In an atom, the electrons are found around the nucleus. The electrons are placed in the orbits possessing energy levels. The electron may gain energy by absorbing energy gotten from the 2nd level to their initial level packets called photons. This makes light to be emitted.

Wind pressures are differently experienced on claddings as compared to structures in high rise buildings. The differences that are realized on pressures that are induced by wind surfaces of buildings are not uniform and get unsteady due to the varying properties of cladding. Pressures that result in the production of loads on structures.

Thus, the study will evaluate and present from several literature studies some of these alternative conceptions while presenting their origins. The study will explore the conceptual change theories, as well as the importance of teachers being aware of alternative conceptions.

Different materials differ in strength and the objective of this experiment was to determine the most suitable material. Each of the specimens was subjected to a tension test. After loading the machine, the changes in length were recorded. The tension test provides basic design properties on the strength of a material that was drawn on a stress-strain curve.

The above plot shows the interatomic force versus distance curve an AFM tip experiences as it approaches a surface. At approximately what distance would an AFM tip sense the attractive interatomic forces? (2 marks) b. At approximately what distance would an AFM tip sense the repulsive interatomic forces? (2 marks)    

Some of the weights were either slightly above or below the required 20N for the experiments. The measurement device had a slight negative error which had to be carried forward in the experiment.  Errors during recording and taking the different measurements during the experiment could have occurred.

The paper “Measuring the Mass Loss of the Material Polymethyl Methacrylate”  is an informative example of a lab report on physics. With the duration of time, follow the process of combustion of materials in the enclosed space with the effect of different ventilation sizes, from the beginning of the ignition period, growth period, flashover period, fully developed period and end by the decay of the fire.

Stefen-Boltzman Law states that the radiating heat flux or emissive radiations are proportional to the fourth power of temperature on an absolute scale. Thus E b= (q/A) =σT4; where A is the surface area in m2, T is temperature, Eb is the radiating heat flux, q is the rate of heat transfer in watts and σ is Stefan-Boltzmann constant.

"The reaction of the amplifier to sinusoidal input for the small load was also observed in this coursework, and the results were presented in Figure. The outcome the output as a reverse form of input with an improvement of 50. The outcome of the amplifier due to an improvement in input amplitude is presented in Figure 6.

Radiation of heat unlike conduction and convection doesn’t require any material medium to propagate. Stefan Boltzmann's law gives a relationship between the maximum temperature of the emitting surface and the surface temperature of the emitting surface. The amount of heat is proportional to the fourth power.

Natural convection results from the difference in density due to temperature variations in the fluid. Upon heating, the density is altered along the boundary layer making the fluid be continuously replaced by denser and cooler fluid. Forced convection is the flow of fluid-induced by an external force like a fan, pump, or mixer. 

Principle experimental observations of the Compton scattering experiment are that, during the experiment, the electrons and the energy photons interact and as a result, the electrons given or released ensure the conservation of the momentum. Also, if the photon has lower energy, it can still eject an electron from the host atom. 

The magnetic moment is the amount of tendency of a magnet to adjust with its magnetic field. Since the magnetic field and the magnetic moment of a magnet have both direction and magnitude, they can therefore be termed as vectors (Furlani, 2001). The magnetic moment has its direction pointing from north to the South Pole.

The relocation in the pixel is reliant on the range of pixel frequency, as well as the difference in frequency. In the following instance, the difference in frequency of 220 Hz takes place in 1.5T and the range of pixel frequency (ratio between BW and the read direction’s pixel number) is 125 Hz. In that case, the shift in pixel becomes 1.76 pixels.

The first law of thermodynamics describes the state of energy of a system. The first law of thermodynamics states that remains unchanged and cannot be created or destroyed, but only changes form. Therefore, the total amount of energy in the universe is constant at all times and only changes states from one form to another.

Dry powders include dry chemicals for class B and C, which have sodium bicarbonate as the major constituent. Others are multipurpose dry chemicals for classes A, B, and C with mono-ammonium phosphate as the major constituent. The powders are contained in the containers and are driven out by either carbon dioxide cartridges or pressurized nitrogen.

The injuries inflicted by fire can be classified roughly depending on the extent of the damage inflicted. In the case where the epidermis is affected, we talk of the first-degree injury, while where the dermis and subcutaneous tissue are affected then we have Second degree and Third-degree injuries respectively. 

When it comes to combusting plumes, there is enough supply of oxygen for complete burning but there is insufficient mixing. Because of the insufficient mixing 10x, stoichiometric oxygen may be required for complete reaction to take place.  Normally fire plumes will exhibit a centerline temperature as shown in Figure 1.

This coursework focuses on the use of water for producing electric energy using hydro-power plants. Electricity generation using water as the source of energy is a very old technology that has advanced with time resulting in more enhanced systems that harness the static energy contained in flowing water. 

The use of gamma rays tools has found their application in the geosteerring process in the lateral shales that are correlated to the vertical, wireline data and the LWD depth. The use of advanced gamma rays, aid in determining complex dip wells in shale applications. The use of LWD gamma rays has been used in landing the wells.

The experiment determined that a linear relationship exists between the potential difference at the source and the amount of energy stored in conductors connected to the source. The other aspect investigated by the experiment was the factors that affect capacitance in a simple capacitor. The results of the experiment supported findings by other studies regarding the properties of a simple capacitor.

Conversely, when the currents through each circuit component are identical, the components are connected in series. In such an arrangement, the potential difference across each component is different but the summation of the voltage across the closed circuit is zero in accordance with Kirchhoff’s second law.

The gaseous materials react among themselves and with oxygen, resulting in heat release, resulting in further pyrolysis and more combustion reaction. Two pathways can be taken in the pyrolysis of wood. This depends on environmental conditions such as oxygen concentration, temperature, moisture, pH level and fire retardants.

Modelling turbulence flows necessary because most of the flows encountered in engineering applications and predicting these flows are very challenging since there are no analytical solutions for the non-linear fluid flow equations. Capturing all the fluctuations or every single vortex in fluid flow may be impractical for turbulent flows.

The conclusion which can be made is that this experiment was a success with the calculation indicating that the momentum before collision being higher than the momentum after the collision. In addition, it was found that the maximum potential energy of the ball was more than the energy of the pendulum-ball system after the collision.

The wind has the energy and power to holder the direction of the airfoil as well as the velocity magnitude of the same. The performance of an airfoil in the wind is usually affected by many factors among them an attack angle. In this case, we are going to study the effect of the attack angle on airfoil velocity magnitude.

ECT is a highly technical procedure requiring a team that consists of an anesthetist, a psychiatrist, psychiatric nurses, and recovery nurses. Doing a study on how ECT has changed over the years has given me an insight into how the use of ECT in treating mental health illness has changed over the years.

Engel and Blackwell assert that three main personality theories have primarily influenced studies of personality and consumer behavior. These theories are psychoanalytic theory, social-psychological theory, and trait- factor theory. This theory was propounded by Sigmund Freud, and it infers that unconscious needs or drives.

Global climate change is considered one of the most critical issues that are presently experienced by humanity. The “Beyond Smoke and Mirrors: Climate Change & Energy” by Burton Richter is a text that examines the rational, meaningless and predisposed proposals for the prevention of the possibly catastrophic global warming consequences.

An analysis of climatic and paleoceanographic changes in Sisimiut, in Southwest Greenland, indicates that the region is sensitive to differences in the interaction between the two components of the West Greenland Current; the Polar Water from East Greenland Current and the Atlantic Water of the Irminger Current.

The state of matter can be best described as the amount of heat contained within the molecules. When more heat is added, the molecules move far from one another. The state of matter can thus be linked closely to the temperature and the pressure of the substance under consideration (Bayrock & Fiona, 2007). 

Glycolysis is a catabolic process so the energy released is utilized by D. melanogaster to thump or beat enabling the fruit fly D. melanogaster to employ wing muscles to beat. The fact is therefore established that glycolysis generates energy-rich molecules called ATP which provides energy to the wing muscles to fly.

The fundamental physical parameters are length, mass, and Tim, whereas the other parameters are essentially derived from these total units, including velocity, momentum, and force. The American and British measurement systems are two different and popular systems widely practiced internationally; the fundamental units for the American system for length, mass, and time is afoot, pound, and seconds respectively.

The result suggests that smoking among those with four years of college is less than the 27% rate for the general population is valid.The college graduates smoke at a lower rate than the others, maybe because of awareness that smoking is injurious for health.

Though his postulates proved wrong in subsequent studies; his work was so systematic and forceful that this deficiency was recognized on the official level for the first time. His eyeballs were preserved and have been studied recently in 1995. These studies have confirmed that he indeed had a less common type of colorblindness in which central colors are not distinguished by eye.

A quantum computer is an instrument with the ability to accommodate a certain amount of data. This data in the quantum computer is housed within quantum mechanical double-level networks, such as spin–half particles or atoms of two levels.