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As a poor developing country in Africa, Congo has been suffering from economical Decline since its independence from the British in the year 1980, and this is exactly the main factor for the food crisis. A weak economic situation in Congo brings about less than 30% of employment as a result of which, hunger expands in the country.
Quantitative easing is the next resort of central banks during extraordinary circumstances that the interest rates were pushed down further. Japan is the first country that applied QE in 2001. After the 2008 financial crisis, other Central Banks began using QE regularly to fuel their economies, boost bank lending, and promote spending.
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The continuous development of the country’s manufacturing industry can be considered as a significant tool towards the achievement of the ‘independency’ of the country from the oil production, even if this target will be achieved in the long term. The financial development of Saudi Arabia has been slow but continuous especially in the last decade.
The international monetary system is developed on a series of rules for the exchange of currencies between independent nations. This system creates a common standard of value between nations. Within this system, the Euro has seen a distinct advantage over the dollar by having a value that is roughly 40% higher than the dollar.
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Inflation and Unemployment are related so that in general the planners have to choose between reducing inflation or unemployment at the cost of the other. However, through realizing the implications movements in these indicators have it is possible to form quite a detailed idea about any economy being studied
Reserve Bank of India is striving to provide liquidity in the banking market by cutting different rates such as Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR), Repo Rate, Bank Rate, SLR etc. Various provisions have been taken to facilitate foreign investment in the Indian market. Various cost-cutting efforts have been taken.
Monopoly is a term mainly associated with the business circle. It is one of the important economic terms in microeconomics because of the impacts it can cause to the market and economy of a country. Monopoly is a market condition in which only a single firm was able to control the entire market without much competitions from competitors.
Bear Stearns, on account of being a leading American investment bank having an industry exposure of more than three-quarters of a century, had been successful in developing a prominent presence across global markets. The financial behemoth followed the best industrial practices in terms of customer service, marketing, and technology.
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Carrefour is faced with the problems, as it is a global outfit seeking to cost-effectively expand its operations to include regions of the world that were more recently considered to be underdeveloped, making the recapitalization of its business a much more high-risk investment, as pioneering costs are always a critical part of the equation.
This paper takes the example of Northern Rock Bank, which failed because of certain unjustified risks. The paper aims to substantiate the fact that if the regulations would have adhered, such a mess would not have occurred. It can be said that the regulations have positive roles to play in the retail financial industry
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PEST is a business tool for establishing knowledge about expansion or decline of the market. The external environment has a considerable influence on a business’s performance, hence, PEST seeks to establish the magnitude of these forces. Establishing PEST influences is an effective scheme for summarizing the environment in which an industry operates.
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The stock market is known as one of the most vital areas of a market economy, as it provides companies with access to capital and investors to own companies and overall it participates in the economic growth. In spite of its numerous functions, the risk involved in such market refuses the investors to enter into the market.
Like in the case of wind power, there are places where the wind is substantially strong that it can actually run a turbine and eventually produce electricity. There can be no question in this but there is a need to actually understand further the costs and practicality of wind power for electricity and other related concerns.
22 pages (5500 words)
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To begin with, Leijonhufvud’s (2009b) explanation of the economic environment on the advent of the financial crisis is a very appropriate departure to explain how the current financial crisis is connected to the ‘love of money’. As soon as leverage goes on the increase, everyone begins to pay with credit.
United Kingdom Sport is the strategic body for the performance of sport in the UK, which has invested about 100million Pounds per year in 1200 athletes in order to achieve a success in the Olympic and Paralympics in London 2012 and beyond. UK Sport is responsible for major events programme held in the UK.
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It is a high profile and stylish fraud case that one could not imagine is happening. Take, for example, the headline-grabbing news of Ponzi scheme of Bernard Madoff, a financial advisor, who pleaded guilty to 11 federal crimes after milking out billions of dollars from unsuspecting investors. In certain situations, victims are helpless as it destroys a company.
Similarly, β2 of 0.37 implies that income per capita in a given economy can rise by up to 37% if the latitude of a country increases by 1 unit. However, β3 of -0.62 implies for the countries in the Asian continent, an upsurge by1 unit, results into a decrease, of up to 62 percent, in the income per capita.
Iraq borders Kuwait on its northwest. The country of Kuwait covers 17,818 km2 or about 7,000 mi2. Its mainland terrain is mostly flat desert, but Kuwait also owns several islands in the Gulf such as Nubian, Warba, and Filikah. The weather is typical of the desert with hot and dry days in the summer (35° -- 49°C) and cool in wintertime.
After assessing various sectors which the United Arab Emirates intend to invest and improve, it clearly shows its move towards independence from oil reserves. This independence is seen necessary because it limits the prosperity of a nation that has not made itself a diversified revenue generator when the oil crisis is around the corner.
Since the beginning of the housing market crash in fall of 2006 and the systemic crisis in 2007 and 2008, the government has been active in devising strategies to meet the capital and liquidity requirements of the banks. Matters came to a head in September 2008 when Lehman Brothers filed for bankruptcy and other banks had to be bailed out.
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While the measures taken by the Fed and Treasury may seem at first glance to be ad hoc, with the authorities appearing to selectively intervene on an institution by institution basis, it is possible to trace out an underlying coherence to the strategy pursued. Ultimately, there is no unique template for dealing with a crisis of this magnitude
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The context of the literature analysis showed that since the market of healthcare service provision is experiences several market imperfections, its services should be provided by the public authorities. However, the context proved that there are various low-income nations in the African and Sub Saharan regions where public health expenditure is still not adequate.
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The environment has suffered due to the expansion of industry, such as steel. There is a need to ensure less-developed countries have a bigger say in the affairs of global trade since they are also affected. In addition, trade should not only end at profits, other concerns, such as human welfare and the environment should also take center stage.
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The reduction in the demand is not only for the high-value items but there is a gradual reduction in the consumer demand for some retail items also. Large UK chains such as M&S, ASDA etc have reported losses because of the low demand and difficult economic conditions. Various economic indicators reflect that the economic situation may not be favorable.
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Based on this concept, developing economies were not focusing on the advancements of technology and innovation in processes, however; the recent trends of India and China are proving the fact that technological advancements for enhancing trade position are very important for developing countries as well.
The industrial organization model of Ellram (1991) from a single organization’s perspective to manage the supply chain is as follows. The various types of competitive relationships that firms undertake include transaction, short term contract, long term contract, joint venture, equity interest to acquisitions.
The current financial crisis that hit the developed world especially the US also served as a litmus test for the central bank of the country to pull it out of the crisis that seems to engulf the whole economy of the world. As a result of the crisis, FED undertook major steps to correct the imbalances in the economy.
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Also described as the worst financial crisis since the great depression of the 1930s, the crisis originated in the US and was a result of the United States Sub-prime mortgage crisis. However, many experts agree that it could be seen coming from a long way off. The crisis started when the prices of houses in America rose faster than people’s income.
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Fairtrade has been described as an equitable trading regime that endeavors at enhancing fair pricing for small producers, mostly marginalized poor farmers and job environment hence ensuring ecological, employment and developmental values are upheld as well as facilitating economic development. This strategy has been endorsed by major brands.
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According to the paper, rolling budgets and annual budgets should be used together for the same operational budget reasons. The three performance evaluation criteria used are budget participation, budget use, and budget emphasis. Reliance on Accounting Performance Measures (RAPM) and participative budgeting has been discussed in the research paper.
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This paper presents that the Yen has remained in the ranges of 100 and 120 during 1999 which in contrast has remained low during 2000. This pattern is mostly observed in gold standard or hard peg countries trying to unwind an overvalued currency. During late 2008, Yen began to appreciate sharply against the dollar and was valued at 86.15 yen in 2009.
In 1983 the GCC was formed in an effort to unite six countries in the Gulf Region. This agreement was considered a natural fit because all of the countries within the GCC (Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates) share the same language, culture, religion, and geographic proximity.
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Globalisation has undoubtedly yielded positive results for the overall economy. The integration of the trading activities across the globe has enabled the consumers to use the commodities that may not be indigenously produced. Other than this various multinationals have established their operations in countries other than their base country.
Thus we see the importance of weighing the perspectives in order to see the advantages and disadvantages in line with the objective to understand better the backdrop of the traditional and proposed economic frameworks. The political, social, and ethical issues are considered and recognized to be of significant value in the process of exploring such in relation to the economic development process.
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The researcher states that the discovery of oil brought a revolutionary change in the economic strength of Saudi Arabia. Owing to the massive export of oil, Saudi Arabia has conventionally been the largest holder of the international financial assets and has thus, actively participated in the international financial markets.
Asset prices can increase even further, and reduce demand, therefore proving the policy worthless. Gilt securities points also fell. Also, it is very difficult to separate the QE effects from the confidence of the people in investments. QE can prove to be a double-edged sword if not administered properly in its adjustment phase
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The separation of economic and politics originates from Adam Smith. Adam Smith came up with the classical political economy. The aim of such separation was to create a distinction and a barrier between free value and the state authority purview with the aim of enabling an unaffected level of exchange
The three giants of the US automobile industry namely GM, Chrysler, and Ford, have been asking for billions of dollars in financial support but have not yet been granted the same in full measure (Moore, WSJ). Other major carmakers like Toyota, Jaguar & Land Rover, Daimler Benz etc. are also hit by the current economic crisis.
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This paper essentially focuses on that aspect of buffer stocks to achieve what’s known in modern economics as stable prices of critically important commodities. For instance, certain commodity prices would definitely have a universal impact on the economy as and when the final outcomes of such interventionist behavior of the government unfold.
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Started raising its awkward appearance by the end of the last century, the contemporary economic recession has obtained a wide range of multiplication, affecting every market of the globe, and threatening the largest organisation too. It is particularly the case with oil companies, airline industry, banks and financial institutions.
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According to the paper, bilateral tax treaties typically have two general purposes; the prevention of double taxation and the prevention of tax evasion. There are a variety of tax treaty models that can be used by Atlantica and Freedonia for the purpose of accommodating their respective and mutual tax issues.
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To avoid this discrepancy some kingdom printed currency on gold and silver. This was an effective method of valuing currency and easing problems of international trade. Antartico private limited is a hypothetical company which is based in the United States and conducts business with the United Kingdom.
The export goods of Arab countries such as petroleum, iron ore, phosphate and cotton also have small consumptions locally. According to Oker Gurler, ‘formation of a regional integration will, first of all, create broader markets. In other words, it enlarges the volume of demand for commodities produced in the region’.
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Fergusson starts his book by talking about Inca who did not give any value to gold or silver metals - the international standard for currency. Then he turns on to pre-Christian Mesopotamian clay tablets which served the purpose of credit notes in exchange for commodities. Later, he discusses the transformation seen in banchieri
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The economy of the UK is environment-friendly, including greenhouse gases. People use laptops to hasten their jobs in the business environment. The UK economy is profitably higher than the revenues of each individual nation within the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom is one of the environment-friendly feasible members of the European Union.
According to the paper, the economic growth and development are interconnected with consumerism since economic and social systems are built on consumerism. However, consumerism has been counter-productive since consumers have been forced to incur high debts and suffer from lifestyle diseases such as obesity.
Both Shanghai A and B market indices are taken instead of combined two indices of Shanghai and Shenzhen share markets into one portfolio index as in Greonewold et al (2004). It is beyond doubt that the two separate indices bring about more information than one artificially combined concerning the cointegration and causality relations.
The author states that the Central Bank of Kenya serves to protect the value of the Kenyan shilling against what it can buy. Sometimes, the value of the shilling diminishes and the monetary policy helps to restore its value. The monetary policy controls liquidity circulating within the Kenyan economy to a level that is consistent with prices.
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The world economic outlook contains analysis and projections which are an essential element of the International Monetary Fund’s ongoing surveillance of making laws regarding economic development in its member countries as well as worldwide commercial systems. Due to the financial crisis that erupted in Asian countries, assets values has been adversely affected due to their pre-crisis levels.
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In a very short time, the period of effectivity for the compliance restrictions binding the participants of the Kyoto Protocol ends. While the United States did not ratify its conformity with the accord, it has taken big steps to protect the environment. The US pioneered the market-based approach of trading sulfur dioxide emission allowances.