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This paper takes the example of Northern Rock Bank, which failed because of certain unjustified risks. The paper aims to substantiate the fact that if the regulations would have adhered, such a mess would not have occurred. It can be said that the regulations have positive roles to play in the retail financial industry
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PEST is a business tool for establishing knowledge about expansion or decline of the market. The external environment has a considerable influence on a business’s performance, hence, PEST seeks to establish the magnitude of these forces. Establishing PEST influences is an effective scheme for summarizing the environment in which an industry operates.
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The stock market is known as one of the most vital areas of a market economy, as it provides companies with access to capital and investors to own companies and overall it participates in the economic growth. In spite of its numerous functions, the risk involved in such market refuses the investors to enter into the market.
Like in the case of wind power, there are places where the wind is substantially strong that it can actually run a turbine and eventually produce electricity. There can be no question in this but there is a need to actually understand further the costs and practicality of wind power for electricity and other related concerns.
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To begin with, Leijonhufvud’s (2009b) explanation of the economic environment on the advent of the financial crisis is a very appropriate departure to explain how the current financial crisis is connected to the ‘love of money’. As soon as leverage goes on the increase, everyone begins to pay with credit.
United Kingdom Sport is the strategic body for the performance of sport in the UK, which has invested about 100million Pounds per year in 1200 athletes in order to achieve a success in the Olympic and Paralympics in London 2012 and beyond. UK Sport is responsible for major events programme held in the UK.
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It is a high profile and stylish fraud case that one could not imagine is happening. Take, for example, the headline-grabbing news of Ponzi scheme of Bernard Madoff, a financial advisor, who pleaded guilty to 11 federal crimes after milking out billions of dollars from unsuspecting investors. In certain situations, victims are helpless as it destroys a company.
Similarly, β2 of 0.37 implies that income per capita in a given economy can rise by up to 37% if the latitude of a country increases by 1 unit. However, β3 of -0.62 implies for the countries in the Asian continent, an upsurge by1 unit, results into a decrease, of up to 62 percent, in the income per capita.
Iraq borders Kuwait on its northwest. The country of Kuwait covers 17,818 km2 or about 7,000 mi2. Its mainland terrain is mostly flat desert, but Kuwait also owns several islands in the Gulf such as Nubian, Warba, and Filikah. The weather is typical of the desert with hot and dry days in the summer (35° -- 49°C) and cool in wintertime.
After assessing various sectors which the United Arab Emirates intend to invest and improve, it clearly shows its move towards independence from oil reserves. This independence is seen necessary because it limits the prosperity of a nation that has not made itself a diversified revenue generator when the oil crisis is around the corner.
Since the beginning of the housing market crash in fall of 2006 and the systemic crisis in 2007 and 2008, the government has been active in devising strategies to meet the capital and liquidity requirements of the banks. Matters came to a head in September 2008 when Lehman Brothers filed for bankruptcy and other banks had to be bailed out.
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While the measures taken by the Fed and Treasury may seem at first glance to be ad hoc, with the authorities appearing to selectively intervene on an institution by institution basis, it is possible to trace out an underlying coherence to the strategy pursued. Ultimately, there is no unique template for dealing with a crisis of this magnitude
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The context of the literature analysis showed that since the market of healthcare service provision is experiences several market imperfections, its services should be provided by the public authorities. However, the context proved that there are various low-income nations in the African and Sub Saharan regions where public health expenditure is still not adequate.
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The environment has suffered due to the expansion of industry, such as steel. There is a need to ensure less-developed countries have a bigger say in the affairs of global trade since they are also affected. In addition, trade should not only end at profits, other concerns, such as human welfare and the environment should also take center stage.
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The reduction in the demand is not only for the high-value items but there is a gradual reduction in the consumer demand for some retail items also. Large UK chains such as M&S, ASDA etc have reported losses because of the low demand and difficult economic conditions. Various economic indicators reflect that the economic situation may not be favorable.
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Based on this concept, developing economies were not focusing on the advancements of technology and innovation in processes, however; the recent trends of India and China are proving the fact that technological advancements for enhancing trade position are very important for developing countries as well.
The industrial organization model of Ellram (1991) from a single organization’s perspective to manage the supply chain is as follows. The various types of competitive relationships that firms undertake include transaction, short term contract, long term contract, joint venture, equity interest to acquisitions.
The current financial crisis that hit the developed world especially the US also served as a litmus test for the central bank of the country to pull it out of the crisis that seems to engulf the whole economy of the world. As a result of the crisis, FED undertook major steps to correct the imbalances in the economy.
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Also described as the worst financial crisis since the great depression of the 1930s, the crisis originated in the US and was a result of the United States Sub-prime mortgage crisis. However, many experts agree that it could be seen coming from a long way off. The crisis started when the prices of houses in America rose faster than people’s income.
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Fairtrade has been described as an equitable trading regime that endeavors at enhancing fair pricing for small producers, mostly marginalized poor farmers and job environment hence ensuring ecological, employment and developmental values are upheld as well as facilitating economic development. This strategy has been endorsed by major brands.
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According to the paper, rolling budgets and annual budgets should be used together for the same operational budget reasons. The three performance evaluation criteria used are budget participation, budget use, and budget emphasis. Reliance on Accounting Performance Measures (RAPM) and participative budgeting has been discussed in the research paper.
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This paper presents that the Yen has remained in the ranges of 100 and 120 during 1999 which in contrast has remained low during 2000. This pattern is mostly observed in gold standard or hard peg countries trying to unwind an overvalued currency. During late 2008, Yen began to appreciate sharply against the dollar and was valued at 86.15 yen in 2009.
In 1983 the GCC was formed in an effort to unite six countries in the Gulf Region. This agreement was considered a natural fit because all of the countries within the GCC (Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates) share the same language, culture, religion, and geographic proximity.
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Globalisation has undoubtedly yielded positive results for the overall economy. The integration of the trading activities across the globe has enabled the consumers to use the commodities that may not be indigenously produced. Other than this various multinationals have established their operations in countries other than their base country.
Thus we see the importance of weighing the perspectives in order to see the advantages and disadvantages in line with the objective to understand better the backdrop of the traditional and proposed economic frameworks. The political, social, and ethical issues are considered and recognized to be of significant value in the process of exploring such in relation to the economic development process.
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The researcher states that the discovery of oil brought a revolutionary change in the economic strength of Saudi Arabia. Owing to the massive export of oil, Saudi Arabia has conventionally been the largest holder of the international financial assets and has thus, actively participated in the international financial markets.
Asset prices can increase even further, and reduce demand, therefore proving the policy worthless. Gilt securities points also fell. Also, it is very difficult to separate the QE effects from the confidence of the people in investments. QE can prove to be a double-edged sword if not administered properly in its adjustment phase
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The separation of economic and politics originates from Adam Smith. Adam Smith came up with the classical political economy. The aim of such separation was to create a distinction and a barrier between free value and the state authority purview with the aim of enabling an unaffected level of exchange
The three giants of the US automobile industry namely GM, Chrysler, and Ford, have been asking for billions of dollars in financial support but have not yet been granted the same in full measure (Moore, WSJ). Other major carmakers like Toyota, Jaguar & Land Rover, Daimler Benz etc. are also hit by the current economic crisis.
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This paper essentially focuses on that aspect of buffer stocks to achieve what’s known in modern economics as stable prices of critically important commodities. For instance, certain commodity prices would definitely have a universal impact on the economy as and when the final outcomes of such interventionist behavior of the government unfold.
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Started raising its awkward appearance by the end of the last century, the contemporary economic recession has obtained a wide range of multiplication, affecting every market of the globe, and threatening the largest organisation too. It is particularly the case with oil companies, airline industry, banks and financial institutions.
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According to the paper, bilateral tax treaties typically have two general purposes; the prevention of double taxation and the prevention of tax evasion. There are a variety of tax treaty models that can be used by Atlantica and Freedonia for the purpose of accommodating their respective and mutual tax issues.
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To avoid this discrepancy some kingdom printed currency on gold and silver. This was an effective method of valuing currency and easing problems of international trade. Antartico private limited is a hypothetical company which is based in the United States and conducts business with the United Kingdom.
The export goods of Arab countries such as petroleum, iron ore, phosphate and cotton also have small consumptions locally. According to Oker Gurler, ‘formation of a regional integration will, first of all, create broader markets. In other words, it enlarges the volume of demand for commodities produced in the region’.
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Fergusson starts his book by talking about Inca who did not give any value to gold or silver metals - the international standard for currency. Then he turns on to pre-Christian Mesopotamian clay tablets which served the purpose of credit notes in exchange for commodities. Later, he discusses the transformation seen in banchieri
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The economy of the UK is environment-friendly, including greenhouse gases. People use laptops to hasten their jobs in the business environment. The UK economy is profitably higher than the revenues of each individual nation within the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom is one of the environment-friendly feasible members of the European Union.
According to the paper, the economic growth and development are interconnected with consumerism since economic and social systems are built on consumerism. However, consumerism has been counter-productive since consumers have been forced to incur high debts and suffer from lifestyle diseases such as obesity.
Both Shanghai A and B market indices are taken instead of combined two indices of Shanghai and Shenzhen share markets into one portfolio index as in Greonewold et al (2004). It is beyond doubt that the two separate indices bring about more information than one artificially combined concerning the cointegration and causality relations.
The author states that the Central Bank of Kenya serves to protect the value of the Kenyan shilling against what it can buy. Sometimes, the value of the shilling diminishes and the monetary policy helps to restore its value. The monetary policy controls liquidity circulating within the Kenyan economy to a level that is consistent with prices.
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The world economic outlook contains analysis and projections which are an essential element of the International Monetary Fund’s ongoing surveillance of making laws regarding economic development in its member countries as well as worldwide commercial systems. Due to the financial crisis that erupted in Asian countries, assets values has been adversely affected due to their pre-crisis levels.
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In a very short time, the period of effectivity for the compliance restrictions binding the participants of the Kyoto Protocol ends. While the United States did not ratify its conformity with the accord, it has taken big steps to protect the environment. The US pioneered the market-based approach of trading sulfur dioxide emission allowances.
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Moreover, the research process should not be conducted without obtaining the prior permission of the participants and respondents. “According to Churchill and Peter (1995)”, Smadi (2008: p 7) states, “an organization’s social responsibility is an acceptance of accountability to society for its actions, and those ethics are viewed as the principles, values, and standards of conduct.”
The dominance of the manufacturing industry in the UK probably continued till the 1980s. Then after it was the rise of the service industry, which had occupied only a small percentage of the overall industry until then. The period between 1980 and 2000 saw a gradual decline in the manufacturing industry in the UK (Lucey, 2008).
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Among the global financial failure that has affected the financial development in Europe includes: (1) the failure of the Bretton Woods (1970s) and oil price shock (1973) which resulted in the development of Nixon Shock; (2) imposing high-interest rates to avoid inflation and the financial crisis in Mexico (1982) which resulted to the development of Latin American debt crisis.
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According to the text, "Homo Economicus" is a Latin term that was introduced in 1906 and earlier “Homo economicus”, was called “Economic man”. Reportedly, it is a phrase used for a rough calculation of Homo sapiens which performs to acquire the top likely given available data about opportunities.
Bank regulators did fail to control systemic risk. The Basel II Accord, for instance, provided for banks’ compliance with particular ratios such as the risk-based capital (RBC) ratios. Banks may comply with these ratios by increasing the measures of regulatory capital, or by decreasing the measures of total risk.
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The UAE has the worlds sixth largest oil reserves and is among the most developed economies especially in the Middle East. It is currently the 36th largest economy in the exchange rates and has a very high per capita gross domestic product, and a nominal per capita GDP of $46,584. It is the 14th largest in purchasing power per capita.
The current chapter accomplishes the empirical research work to establish the theory about a significant impact of exchange rate fluctuations on the export performance of an economy. The region being considered here is Hong Kong SAR and the period that has been included in the study is between June, 2006 and October, 2009
Since the dismantling of the communist trading block in response to the dissolution of the former USSR, Russia and its fifteen former Republics and adjacent national economies in Eastern Europe in 1990 and 1991, the systemic transformation has been uneven at best.
Capitalism promotes freedom. Although like any other economic ideologies, it is highly penetrable by human nature, capitalism is the most vulnerable. A clear offshoot is green capitalism that may not be opposed to anything but is a weapon in maintaining economic sustainability and not ecological sustainability.