Macro & Microeconomics Essays

It has been referred to as the homogenization of people’s tastes and demand patterns around the world as communications and information technology, and transportation of people and products has increased across borders. Homogenization of tastes may imply loss of threat to national identity but scholars argue that people being more and more knowledgeable about each other is also a dimension of globalization (Hammond and Grosse, 2003).

erve Bank of Australia (RBA) was established in the year 1959. The creation was put into place by the reserve bank act 1959. The act lays down the roles of these bank a puts it that this is not a profit acquisition bank. The bank introduction has seen many improvements in the economy of Australian.

Economic growth was pegged on private sector's response to consumer demands. A country's economy is influenced by different factors ranging from policies to current financial conditions in the market (Bureau of International Information Program para 3). The government affects the economy through its policies it, that either attracts or discourage investors at both local and international fronts.

According to the essay, there are number of issues, that pose the competitive threat for the EU from on the part of China. They include rising trade deficit between EU and China, low labour cost advantage of China, effect of dumping, intellectual property rights violation, protectionism and value chain upgradation by China.

UK, the third largest economy in the Europe (Simeon, 2012, p.203) continues to struggle to come out from the economic slowdown, with the prospects for swift growth hampered by the ongoing European sovereign debt crisis, and significant structural reforms are still desirable (United Kingdom, 2013).

Focus would be on demand, supply and market equilibrium, aggregate supply, the financial panic of 2008, gross domestic product, economic growth and unemployment. The gas industry is one of the key industries globally as it provides the energy source necessary for carrying out activities in the other sectors of the economy.

This region collectively owns 54% of the total reserve of conventional oil and gas reserves in the world known till date. Scientists expect to find large additional quantities of undiscovered and unproved reserves. According to reports by International Energy Outlook, energy consumption of the world would increase by more than 50% by the year 2030 from the 2008 figures, the average rate of increment being 1.6% per annum (Crescent, 2013).

The current account deficit refers to the variation between imports and exports (there are a few alterations for things like money sent internationally). The two deficits happen when an individual is consuming excess of their income. For the past 25 years, the US state has preferred to consume more than it gathers in taxes and US citizens have preferred to consume more on imports than they sell abroad.

INTRODUCTION: The report is designed to discuss the economic problems of US for the last few current years and the causes of the problems in reference to the article “Economic Problems Facing the U.S.” by Thomas Heffner (2012). The impact of the problems on the US economy, society and political environment are also discussed in this report.

In his work, he used a nonlinear function that negatively related unemployment to inflation between 1861 and 1913; he then used this function to explain the relationship between unemployment and inflation for the remaining period of up to 1957. These results were adopted quickly by most of the economists that time since they also partly confirmed the working of the competitive market forces of demand and supply.

One of those personalities includes Steve Jobs. Despite his demise the whole of technological world is engulfed into inventions and ideas that were introduced and then patented by the man himself, and despite his demise the company Apple Inc. enjoys supremacy in the field of electronics and gadgets against its competitors.

In the competition, firms may acquire resources from the competitors to gain competitive advantage over them. In the marketing strategy, a firm decides on the sustainable competitive strategy as a means of striving to defeat the competitors. These strategies involve the use of its interests to acquire the components from the competitors.

The author states that the economics of crime is the study of factors that cause crime and the consequences of criminal activities in the society as well as approaches towards the reduction of the criminal effects on the society. Economics of crime deals with the costs of criminal justice programs and policies and their benefits to the society.

Game theory involves players making the decision that benefit themselves jointly or maximize individual payoff. It is commonly used in the business world where vital decisions are made concerning production, processing and marketing. Game theory involves the application of players, information, actions, strategies, payoffs, equilibrium and outcomes.

In some cases even farm lands were sold to big companies for expanding their presence in the country. All these were done by completely ignoring the rural areas of the country. Development of cities and high rise buildings were considered to be the picture of development.

As it is shown, much of conventional analysis within microeconomics is centered on the classical firm and its objective of profit maximization. The paper analyses the premises, which underline this objective to understand their relevance,as of today. Important microeconomic theories are discussed in the context to reflect upon their utility.

Consequently, the race for higher education resulted in soaring of tuition fees. Students usually pay these costs from a different number of sources including personal savings, parents’ money, scholarships, student loans and other financial instruments.

Six Sigma uses a variety of quality management procedures and groups the workforce into a special infrastructure that is based on the employee’s skills (Pande & Holpp, 2002). Every Six Sigma project follows a specific sequence of steps which has its own objectives.

At LSA, we have recently had a new client. The client is a car dealer who wants us to take care of their logistics as a third party logistics provider and take charge of the import of their cars from over-seas to Australia for their current consignment. The name of the client company is Peter Warren Automotive.

A similar view is the theory of Ricardian equivalence. The theory of Ricardian equivalence argues that financing debts through bonds is merely deferred taxation and is basically similar to current taxation (Dornbusch et al. 2011, pp. 336-337). Thus, because debts are merely taxation postponed, they have no effect on the economy (Miles and Scott 2005, p.

This can only take place as long as the person who owns the private property is compensated. This is regarded as last resort as the government takes businesses enterprises and homes so that it can assemble parcels of land and housing development. It can also help in economic development activities.

While analyzing the current global market economy, it is clear that government intervention is necessary to ensure a sustainable market place. Government regulations on mergers are essential to maintain the balance of market environment since mergers between corporate giants often raise potential challenges to small-scale players and, thereby, they are eventually thrown out of the market.

Using the IS-LM framework IS/LM stands for Investment-Saving/Liquidity Preference-Money Supply. The model shows the changes in interest rate and output of goods and services produced in an economy over a period of time following a shift in government spending.

Microfinance is defined as small-scale financial services catering to the needs of small farmers, fishermen, roadside vendors and small enterprises. NGOs such as the Self-Employed Women’s Association (SEWA) and Sanghamitra Rural Financial Services (SRFS) are involved in microfinance activities and have been successfully accomplishing the cause of women empowerment in India for last several years.

 China has one of the world’s fastest growing economies that has attracted large amount of foreign direct investment over the last two decades. It has recorded the highest foreign development among the developing countries since 1993. Out of raw estimates, Chinas total amount of cash it has invested in FDI amounts to 488 billion US dollars between 1988 and 2003. 

United Arab Emirates (UAE) largely depends upon its mammoth oil reserves for its revenue generation. But the desert topography of the emirates lacks in fresh water reserves. The lack of water is compensated by the expensive desalinization plants (Country Profile, 2007, p.5) costing approximately $18 million a day.

The fact that the United States is still the leading economy notwithstanding; this country has managed to capture markets both in the developing and developed nations, especially due to the reduced prices on their products facilitated by cheap labor in the home country.

In 2008, two smart lawyers quietly bought up all the firms and began operations as a monopoly called “Wonks.” To operate efficiently, Wonks employed a management consulting company, which projected a diverse long-run competitive equilibrium. This paper is aimed at providing a descriptive and analytical structure with a critical thought regarding the acquisition of benefits by the stakeholders of the company, including the government, businesses, and consumers.

A number of economic experts and financial analysts have studied this crucial time to find out the cause that led to the economic downfall in a bid to prevent something similar from occurring again, a number of theories have occurred from these studies, but two main ones that will be discussed in this paper are the Monetarist and the Keynesian theories which have garnered a lot of attention over the years (Mishkin, 2010).

As it is shown in the essay, monopoly is a market structure where there is a single producer or seller of the product in the market with no substitutes available. The paper focuses on uncovering of the relative inefficiencies of the monopoly market, compared with other structures. This market produces less output with higher prices.

CAPA. “Ryanair and EasyJet continue strong growth, British Airways’ struggles continue in Sep-2009.” 8 October 2009. Web. 2 December 2012. 6 Traffic and capacity are very crucial to any airline, since they are equal determinants of the revenue generation and business existence.

The dominant view about growth is explained along with the factors, which cause the relentless phenomenon of growth that we have so far experienced. It explains why humanity should look towards prosperity, which is not going to be measured by the traditional indices of growth.

On the other hand, significant changes in the consumption patterns as a result of significant changes in the good’s price are what are termed as substitution effects. If we look at two goods that are substitutes such as margarine and butter, an increase in the butter’s price will lead to an increase in the demand for margarine.

A 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. D 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. B 36. D 37. C 38. C 39. B 40. D 41. B 42. C 43. D 44. D 45. B 46. C 47. D 48. A 49. B 50. C Part two Definitions Supply curve Supply curve is a curve that shows the quantity of goods that producers are eager and ready to take to the market at the prevailing price.

Some of the devastating effects of this crisis whose effects are being felt up to date are the collapse of major financial institutions, some of these institutions were salvaged by bailouts from the government and it caused drastic downturn of stock markets around the globe.

Workers move away from cities with large numbers of immigrants or avoid such places. Therefore, the proportion of immigrants in cities is endogenous and economists have to evaluate data to analyze immigrants’ impacts on wages and employment. To evaluate this impact, Borjas divided people into strategic groupings based on various social factors.

The Americans with creative minds should use all available talents to overcome initial difficulties as a result of changes. Let them negotiate with the government for financing of the many business projects to be implemented by the middle class. Each member should have a role in the Union of middle-class citizens.

The currency crisis occurred in the south east Asia region since 1997, at different intervals in each affected country and spread across other South East Asian countries after, beginning from Thailand. It was primarily caused by macroeconomic and financial factors, although the political other factors interfered with the correction of the crisis.

Nominal GDP ($US) Real GDP (US$) Year Qatar UK Qatar UK 2000 17,759,889,598 1,475,705,855,651 17,759,889,598 1,465,447,721,600 2001 17,538,461,033 1,468,026,486,253 18,345,670,537 1,444,907,958,910 2002 19,363,735,706 1,601,617,206,235 18,781,508,929 1,565,608,217,239 2003 23,533,790,531 1,855,666,938,776 20,045,818,170 1,810,406,769,538 2004 31,675,273,812 2,196,860,009,521 28,433,818,503 2,141,189,093,100 2005 43,040,108,650 2,295,844,712,163 34,077,679,058 2,242,035,851,722 2006 60,496,701,553 2,452,969,436,251 51,052,068,821 2,383,838,130,467 2007 79,546,975,729 2,825,526,440,057 71,406,620,942 2,764,702,974,615 2008 115,019,776,905 2,648,935,779,074 93,664,313,441 2,571,782,309,781 2009

The rate of unemployment in Germany has been around 5.4 percent by end of 2012. This is because the demand for labour is a derived demand and the low demand for German products from its 17 Euro countries. This is because of crisis in other parts of German markets such as Cyprus.

The United Kingdom has been an immensely prominent state for immigrants from several other states to seek a better standard of life and some are asylum seekers. A significant reason for an elevated scale of migration to the United Kingdom is its economic stature which provides significant benefits in terms of finance to immigrants.

The income taxes were reduced to half of the prevailing rates at that point of time and the corporate tax rates were also reduced from 39% to 30%. At present the debt obligations of Puerto Rico has piled up to 87 billion dollars and the country with 3.7 million residents is all set to go bankrupt.

In the case of technology as an input, decreasing returns to scale would lead to a decreasing average cost in output. For constant returns to scale, the average cost in output would be constant. When the technology factor exhibits increasing returns to scale, the average cost would decrease in the output (Ferguson, pg47).

Wal-Mart is one of the biggest retailer stores that have expanded globally to more than 15 countries in the world including UK, China, Japan, Canada, Brazil and Argentina with over 8,500 retail stores. It employs over two million employees and made it to the top of Fortune 500 list for its highest number of sales.

Particularly, firms tend to use a pricing tactic, such as price discrimination, in the hope of gaining high competitive advantage. However, pundits argue whether firms must use or not such a pricing technique because of its nature. This notion brings interesting arguments, which may be used to provide firms with salient reasons about when to use it and when they should not.

In the book, it is made clear that the conflict of classical liberalism and central planning was not concerned about the shared objective of improving the well-being of the largest number of populations but concern on the way to achieve the specified goal.

The industry has revolved and has managed to survive and flourish in short period of time. The factors affecting the insurance market in positive and negative manner is fully utilized so as to benefit from the opportunities and counter the risks that the industry faces (Atkins & Bates, 2008).

Two of the subjects I have always loved the best in my high school experience are math and history, and I think the way that economics must take both of these into account is truly fascinating. Economics combines complex mathematical theory with a pragmatism that I find incredibly appealing, and I feel that I will be able to succeed in this field because of my strong background in mathematics.

The world has witnessed the failure of the planned economy with the fall of the former USSR. However, certain features of planned economy are still visible in the form of socio-political interventions that take place in the mixed economy capitalism. From the perspective of the American capitalist democracy, such policy interventions by the government are dangerous.

New Hybrid cars have emerged in the market along with the electric cars which run on electricity. (Markel Tony, 2007) These are now also being patronised by traditional car companies that over the years have been designing cars having internal combustion engines.