Macro & Microeconomics Essays

The conclusion states that globalization doesn’t lead to any specific set of economic policies which requires large-scale spending cuts. Disciplining the welfare system in Europe was a real need sprouted out by the spread of globalized economic forces. But, the scale of spending cuts pint fingers at the underlying neoliberal consensus in the West than the actual forces of globalization.

Earlier, during 1952-1958, Venezuela enjoyed high GDP growth and it reflected in the living standard of the people. But in 1999, when Hugo Chavez became the president of Venezuela, low GPD began to curb the economy and poverty began to show the rapid increase.

Thus MNCs are seeking cost-effective ways especially its attention on. Multi-National Companies (MNCs) have been making use of global tax strategies and constantly changing tax regulations to manage its multiple and complex objectives on a global scale. The effective tax rate (ETR) creates the opportunity for financial efficiencies.

It is a fact that the current financial systems have a lot of loopholes which affects the money transactions in the financial market. The lending habits of the financial institutions were motivated only by the profit-making mottos which often create more problems not only to these institutions, but also to the investors and the general public 

There are theories which suggest that the shift to the service industry is influenced by market demand. While the manufacturing industry like iron is capable of strengthening the economic base of the country the service industry is the growing choice of the people. This could be due to the growing inclination of the people towards this sector. 

State capitalism is a system in which political elites control economic activity for political gain.  According to Marx, capitalism is the antithesis of communism, making state capitalism an impossible proposition. This was challenged by the present Chinese model“Communist China’s version of capitalism is a synthesis of exquisite irony”.  

While analyzing the reasons for the current financial crisis one argument which has been put forward is that of the role of the executive compensation in the whole episode. As discussed above that the globalization changed the old business models upon which the banks tend to work with new and more equity focused business was adopted. 

It has also opened up the market for as many players as possible and who have taken the initiative to invest. This has also erased the boundaries of trade among several nations with the introduction of the World Trade Organization and other associated institutions. However, it has also resulted in some serious negative consequences.

According to the paper, Turkmenistan has inherited a socialist set up with vast gas reserves and a strong agricultural background. After independence in 1991, Turkmenistan has been a single party country with the president having unlimited powers. President Saparmurad Niyazov ruled for 16 years and was an autocratic leader. 

The structure of the paper is presented. The second part of the paper will center on the article, providing its synopsis. In the third part of the paper, the discussion will focus on the analysis of the article.  The fourth part will be the presentation of the recommendations. Finally, the last part will be the reflective summary. 

I use three important areas, the Financial Market, the Policy sector, and bank regulations sector in pursuit of policy changes or resolutions that could help avoid future market failure or limit the exposure at most. This paper considers Canadian economic market, which is heavily regulated to find solutions to the housing market in the United States.

The detailed analysis of the financial segment of the United Kingdom with special emphasis upon the pension schemes proves that the case of the BT is not an exception. There have been other major players that include the likes of BP and Barclays, hit by the financial meltdown and had to revise the pension schemes.

If we adopt the Right to Work law, albeit, it will give us more freedom and chance to work in an environment and conditions we desire, over time, it will paralyze our rights to petition to rectify certain inconsistencies and unfair treatments in the workplace because it will give the employer autonomy over the discussed employment agreement.

There was gradual development in the banana regime from three different ones to a single one. Paper further elaborates on the impact of the policies of GATT, WTO, and EU and on the ACP Banana trade and the efforts that ACP states need to take in order to sustain their dwindling foreign exchange through trade.

However, the infrastructure has not expanded proportionately with the same airport space catering to these increased number of air flights.  In 2010, the total number of commercial flights was reported as 30 million. 113 major accidents were reported in 2009 which grew to 121 in 2010 even though the number of death casualties was reportedly lower.

Levitt is a known specialist in studying economics, and he won an award, for the best economist in America, the John Bates Clark Medal. Dubner was an editor and a writer for the New York magazine known as Times Magazine. Dubner was a journalist; he used to interview several economists for the Times Magazine.

Frameworks must be changed for liquidity management and collateral. Countries whose domestic banks have borrowed excessively from foreign banks to support domestic credit should prepare for sudden changes in market sentiment that could occur if financing conditions in global markets tighten significantly. 

Even though the currency value of a country is to a large extent controlled by central banks but at the same time, private speculative trading can also significantly manipulate the value of currencies.

The study finds that the merged banks, experience worse economic performance after the mergers. The merged banks in large bank mergers experience less decrease in operating performance than those in small bank mergers post the mergers. Also the banks in ‘focusing bank mergers’, perform worse than those in ‘diversifying bank mergers’.

In 2008, a string of insurance company and bank failures sparked off a financial crisis that was so severe that it brought global credit markets to an abrupt halt and required extraordinary government interventions. The crisis began as a result of greed on the part of mortgage lenders. They lent money to people who could not afford their mortgages.

The market is, therefore, well at giving clothes aside from any sort of intervention by any means; food and customer merchandise with the least extent of health regulation and safety levels; but less expert at giving health care, with poor information. People require one-on-one information on health-related issues and corresponding data is huge and technical.  

The Chinese mainland has a variety of commercial crops besides the largest supply of seafood and livestock. Majority of its industries relate to mining a processing of several ores including petroleum products. The country is a manufacturer of textiles, fertilizers, footwear, electronic goods, automobiles, high-end armaments, and satellites.

Last and not least, the government is responsible in promoting stability. The federal government is the one responsible for coming up with a framework that can be used to maintain macroeconomic stability. The U.S. Federal Reserve ensures that there is the full employment of resources and stability in prices 

The researcher of this essay aims to tell that eradication of HIV/AIDS covers prevention and cure. Additionally, it's important to highlight that in view of the enormity of the problem and the financial constraints, we have to follow a balanced approach keeping in view the positive impact of prevention on future generations.

Private Banking and Wealth Management continue to be the growing business models, despite the setbacks suffered during the financial crisis in 2008-09: the setbacks have remained only temporary. Inspired by the Bull Run in the stock market and expansionary wealth creation, private banking has been growing over the past five years on a global level 

The expedition of Livingstone and his accounts brought the Scottish missionaries to the country and they looked to change the forms of agriculture in the country. The colonial rule descended in the country and the colonialists introduced various forms of taxation and reforms to collect money from the state.

The most common rate used by analysts is the employment rate which represents the total people who are currently employed as a percentage of the total working age population of the country, usually between 15-64 years. Economists use the employment rate to understand the economic situation prevailing in the country.

As the discussion outlines, the shortage is a condition when the demand for a good or a service exceeds its supply in the market. In other words, it is the state of a disparity between demand and supply. Shortage may occur due to many factors such as hoarding, black marketing, price discrimination etc. 

As the industry declined, foreclosures and loan defaults became rampant bringing Wall Street and the nation’s economy spiraling downward at breakneck speed.  It was the greatest financial devastation Black America had ever seen in U.S. History.  Many people, whose home represented 80%-90% of their wealth, were financially ruined at foreclosure.

Presently, the minimum wage has become a basic principle of the labor system in the US. It started with President Roosevelt who signed the Fair Labor Standards Act which set a federal minimum wage for all workers. This amount was revised several times to adjust for inflation and ever-rising cost of living.

In economic terms, public housing can be considered as a market. Theoretically, the market enhances efficiency in allocation using the complex process that links supply and demand. Public housing is the housing tenure system where the government authority owns the property.

As there are many substitute products for the consumers, McDonald’s is faced with higher bargaining power which could result in pressures on product quality as well as prices. The global financial crisis could also prompt consumers to use their bargaining powers to push the prices of products in the market. 

One of the most important aspects while purchasing and selling properties in the practice of evaluation. Commercial properties are just like any other commodities, whose evaluation and estimation in terms of value needs to be performed by a central authority that is not only accepted universally but which also makes use of accepted and time tested procedures while performing the required procedures during valuation. 

The severe decline in the state of the world economy in the last two years is a culmination of several factors. But the bursting of the housing bubble in the United States alongside a precarious credit crunch situation has played major roles in precipitating the latest episode of economic recession in many countries.

The Cultural Revolution brought about in China in 1976 caused a cease on the teaching of Law in the Universities. The reform movement changed the face of the Chinese legal system. The happening of the Fifteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 1997 emphasized the creation of a socialistic pattern of a legal system. 

The country’s GDP or gross domestic product defines the total market value of all goods and services that are produced within a country for a given financial period. The recession is a mechanism that occurs at certain periods in a business cycle. Recession causes a decline in economic activity and therefore has a cascading effect.  

The Hellenistic civilization of Alexander the great emanated from Greek classical heritage had stretched its territories across the globe reaching to Egypt, India, Tajikistan and Afghanistan which introduced mixed marriages that brought the world closer to each other by understanding and mingling of different customs. (Anonymous, 2009)

Opposing views have been expressed warranting a more serious scrutiny. It is posited that the imposition is an infringement of the right of each member to develop its own intellectual property laws based on its economic development and conditions and owing to the mandatory nature thereof, compliance may be a burden upon developing countries.  

The incentives for overproduction and consumption are particularly problematic in cases like acid rain and smog. The plants that produce the acid rain and smog as a result of their production activities may be hundreds of miles away from the consumers as well as those suffering the costs of the externality.

According to the paper, Jumeirah Hotels and resorts are based in Dubai, UAE and are considered to be one of the finest in the industry. It was founded in the year 1997 and was included in the prestigious Dubai holding in the year 2004. The firm has become a synonym for quality and innovativeness with the firm has won numerous accolades.

The government is focused upon the economic growth by applying the principles of rapid privatization and liberalization of the economy. As a result, some urban cities are evolving as main economic hubs in Jordan like Amman and Aqaba. There are six special economic zones are created that attracts the foreign investment in the different sector.

Parents are typically in the younger segments of the population, and thus at a relatively low part of their lifetime earnings trajectory, and the arrival of children frequently reduces second-earner income. For both reasons, family income tends to be low precisely at the time when the demands on that income are high.

The United States is in presently in the worst financial crisis since the Depression of 1929. In the wake of the Cold War, the United States of America emerged as the dominant global economic and military power and ushered in a new world order of capitalist-inspired economic growth and prosperity.

The major schools of thoughts that are discussed include Classical Political Economics, Mercantilism, Marxism and Capitalism, and Neoclassical Economic Thoughts including the contemporary theories of the 20th century. A historical perspective of any topic sets the new landmarks for future researchers.

The country has friendly ties with France are primarily based on economic cooperation, industrial modernization, and privatization plans. Although the country was regarded as the most promising economy in the yester years, yet it faces many severe problems related to its economy. 

This paper tells that in most countries, international trade accounts for a significant share of GDP. While international trade has been present throughout much of history, economic, social, and political importance have been on the rise in recent centuries, mainly because of industrialization, advanced transportation, globalization, Multinational corporations, and outsourcing.

Unemployment can lower the quality of life of many people. Several studies have confirmed that the incidence of many diseases increases during times of high unemployment. Everything from mental illness, to suicide, cancer, heart attack, stroke, and even the common cold occur more often when unemployment is high 

As the paper declares, the prices of a good rise or fall to its equilibrium level – the level at which the quantity of a good demanded by customers is equal to the quantity of a good that producers are prepared to supply. The government has to undertake certain price control mechanisms. The reasons behind such a price control might be anything: Political Reasons; Social reasons.

There are several factors that determine economic growth, of which the nature of credit institutions and facilities is one. For example, in developing countries like India, Sri Lanka, and other African nations, existing credit institutions are not properly regulated. Government regulation in such countries is poor and these nations have a history of corruption.

They argue that “by managing at the level of deep structure in social systems, organizations can gain some influence over self-organizing processes which are typically regarded as unpredictable in the social sciences”. A micro approach towards studying may well guide us in formulating a theory of organizations.