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The inequality-adjusted human development index was added in 2010, which was meant to calculate actual human development levels. Thus, the IHDI is viewed as the actual human development level, rather than the potential human development levels that are depicted by the HDI. A new measure of inequality was also integrated into the IHDI.
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This research tells that China, the world's most populous nation with an age-old culture, is one of the largest and fastest-growing economies in the world. Although China’s economy stagnated for close to two decades in the second half of the twentieth century under Mao Zedong’s rigid authoritarianism, it bloomed under the Deng Xiaoping’s regime facilitated by his open market reforms.
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An increase in the wages of airline pilots will definitely not change the number of pilots used by the airlines because, in order to manage the demand of available pilots to fly the planes, airlines must have a minimum number of pilots available to them. The main reasons include changes in the patterns of employment, availability of highly skilled professionals.
The Reconstruction era focused on achieving freedom from slavery by the African Americans (Stroud, & Schomp, 2006). Very few southern states allowed the slaves to access education, farm, and freedom of expression and citizenship. The civil war that triggered the Reconstruction era ended with many slaves being set free (Stroud, & Schomp, 2006).
The area is decently expanded yet to a great extent packed in the administration part commercial ventures, with a more prominent specialization in expert investigative administrations, fund protection land, transportation, administrations. In the nearing three decades, it is expected to see the Lower Mainland's populace increase by a further 53%.
Underutilization has been witnessed to be diminishing. Household spending has also been rising as a result of declines in energy prices. Additionally, inflation has deteriorated further below the committee’s longer-run aim. Survey-based measures of longer-term inflation forecasting have remained stable.
Bartlett has made a strong set of condemnations on the issue of increased focus on debt rather than concentrating on increasing the level of aggregate demand. The frequent fall and rise in the household spending often lead towards creating major changes in the velocity of money which is evident from the current scenario of the US.
One issue that comes out in both films is the fact that banks and banking professionals are very careless with regard to how they deal with economic issues. This carelessness can be seen in how they gave subprime mortgages to high-risk customers, regardless of the fact that they knew that this was a risky business that could affect the economy.
Companies increasingly invent new business models–or strategies–for selling as the market competition intensifies, and both consumers and investors become more demanding. Businesses typically focus on either cost leadership or product differentiation or niche market strategy to gain the completive market position.
the researcher concludes that three forms of business organizations, a sole proprietorship, a corporation, and a limited liability, therefore, have different features, structures, tax liability considerations, and advantages and disadvantages. This offers diversified options for business ventures
In a market Adam Smith’s ‘Invisible hand’ rationalize individuals or entrepreneurs acting to maximize self-interest. The main role of a market is an efficiency that is appropriately defined in terms of Pareto Efficiency (Aldridge, 2005). Efficiency in a market is where all agents maximize their personal interests.
The author of the paper states that sexism affects productivity adversely. Economists have established that gender arbitrage in fields of economic advancement reduces the pace of development. South Korea is very advanced technologically, however, its economy is not level with Japan’s economy.
As is known to everyone, neoliberalism has always been the driver of global trade and investment and has allowed nations to develop and prosper. But what have been the reasons and the philosophy behind neoliberalism? To understand this, one has to understand that neoliberalism is an ideology that has provided solutions to modify economic policies.
The author of the paper states that as China is slowing down its growth to be on par with its exchange allies, it is definite that it will have to evade some of the markets it dominates; for instance, it will halt the production of some of its core exports, or just trade with a few countries in Asia.
The paper contains the description of the labor theory of value of Karl Marx, the main point of which is that nothing can have value, without being an object of utility. If the thing is useless, so is the labor contained in it; the labor does not count as labor and therefore creates no value
As the discussion outlines, constant changes in consumer behavior affect the nature of competitiveness of different companies and thus their performance. According to a New York Times article by Jaclyn Trop, “Steel Industry Feeling Stress as Automakers Turn to Aluminum”, published on 24th February, a shift of Ford towards constructing its vehicles.
Modern policymakers are responsible for putting into place policies that lend themselves to positive outcomes. These public servants would be doing a great disservice to their populations if they put into place policies that were not well thought out and researched. History plays a great role in making policy decisions.
It will connect a wide range of places in U.K. in the most efficient manner, starting from Euston to North of Birmingham. Apart from these, the project would improve railway connectivity of more places and also, involve in the construction of many new railway stations.
It should be important to note that IRP assumes 2 distinct forms; covered IRP and uncovered IRP. Covered IRP may be described as the condition whereby a forward contract is employed to cover (eradicate exposure to) the risk of the exchange rate. Uncovered IRP, on the other hand, may be defined as the parity condition whereby foreign exchange risks.
As the discussion stresses, the total amount of these IOUs equals the total of the debt that the specific government has not paid. This includes all the amounts outstanding which are inclusive of interest to be paid and the principal amount. The government debt is unlike other private accounting procedures where debt is a measurement of assets.
However, there are countries in the world that have equally alarming debt loads including Japan with its debt growing upwards to 200 percent of its GDP depending on the measure. Notably, the United States is also a culprit of fiscal irresponsibility.
The researcher uses Harrod-Domar growth model to partially explain whether net saving rate promotes economic growth. H-D model is “a functional economic relationship in which the growth rate of gross domestic product (GDP) depends directly on the national net saving rate(s) and inversely on the national capital-output ration (COR).”
According to the study, regulation of market competition is an issue that has gained popularity in the current business sector as a dominance of various companies becomes an issue of concern, not only for the rival companies but also for the consumers. Britvic is one of Coca Cola’s rival in the position of the second biggest but only with 14% market share.
The major statistics of the economy as described in NationMaster website (http://www.NationMaster.com ) include Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Purchasing Power Parity (PPP), distribution of income, distribution of consumption, gross national income, GDP and Real Growth rate, Human development index, Budget, Expenditures, technology index, informal economy, debt and Economic freedom of countries.
To start with, emerging markets are defined as countries that have characteristics of the developed market but such countries have not developed to standards that can be ranked in equal measures as developed countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom as argued by (Burawoy,& Verdery, 1999).
The author of the research paper states that events in America caused credit crunch which led to the worldwide economic recession. The life of people has become harder but with hard work and planning, the world hopes to fight back the problem of economic stagnation
A focus of the paper is on the labor markets and unemployment. The study also touches upon the two main types of unemployment, disequilibrium unemployment and equilibrium unemployment. The author attempts to explain these two types of unemployment and its various subcategories and gives the definition of terms like labor force, number unemployed, unemployment rate, and unemployment
The outcomes show that the USA enjoyed a comparative advantage that promoted its exports; however, this seems to have changed after two decades. This is consistent with theoretical dimensions and globalization trends that comparative and competitive advantages in terms of exports are shifting to emerging economies such as East Asia and Africa.
The author states that in the second episode of `Commanding Heights’ called `The agony of reforms’, the documentary observes the countries of the world as they transition from planned centralized economies to less regulated free markets. `Battle of ideas’ majorly focuses on the United States and Britain.
Unemployment is the redundancy of the populations who are ready to work but cannot find jobs. Usually, it is measured by expressing those who can work against the total workforce in the economy (Gordon, & Solow, 2004). It can be caused by technology levels, lay off by organizations and when an economy is in a depression.
International migration is not a recent phenomenon, but a social phenomenon that has prevailed throughout the history of humanity. In the contemporary world, international migration has grown to be a major factor that influences the intricate space-time dynamics in the global and national socioeconomic systems.
Adams Smith was initially a philosopher before he wrote about economics (Hayami &Yoshihisa, 9). The book Wealth of Nations is a genre in economics written during the early days of the Industrial Revolution. Smith is regarded as the father of modern economics due to its influential thinking in the field of economics by singly points out the Gross National Product.
According to the paper, there are, of course, certain fixed costs for any business, and this one is no exception. As the plant required to manufacture the robotic devices is quite large, rent on the building forms a substantive portion of such costs. The rent on the building for this business stands at $18,000 per month.
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The author makes a conclusion that the preferential liberalization should not vary from good, services or trade facilitation measures which are got an upper hand (ESCAP 2002) for PTA members at the expense of non-members. Also, a holistic view on trade facilitation may provide a new potential for partnership among the public and private sector aiming at a multinational global trade
In the article titled ‘U.S third-quarter growth raised to 3.9 %’ by MarketWatch indicates that the economy has reported the fastest growth within a period of 6 months since the year 2003. That is the fastest growth in the year 2014. Market Watch reports that the second and third quarters indicate the best growth making the U.S enter its final quarter.
The various lobbies like South-South cooperation, Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries or OPEC, Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation or APEC, South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation or SAARC etc. are important economic and political motivated organizations that give impetus to micro regionalism.
Money can be defined as an object that is acceptable as payment in exchange for goods and services (Bade & Michael, 2002). For example, in the absence of official currency, in prisons, cigarettes served the role of money. Pouches of mackerel acted as money in prisons after cigarettes were banned by the prison authorities.
In a free country, people would have several options to substitute money. Batter trade would be the immediate substitute for money in such countries. People would exchange goods for others, without the need to have a medium of exchange. A prison environment provides a suitable scenario where trade flourishes in the absence of money.
According to the paper, buying may either be delayed or rushed depending on price expectations of future. In this case, where prices are expected to fall next month, demand for mobile phones in the current month will be postponed hence causing demand to fall from D to D1. The quantity demanded will decrease from Q to Q1.
A consequence of the tax credit measures is that they are mostly exploited by the big corporations that generate maximum low-wage jobs, which use these credits to earn profits, without investing them for creating new jobs. The other direct result is that businesses tend to see these credits more as subsidies and not as incentives.
There are a number of factors related to Chilean economic growth. In terms of gross domestic product, Chile has witnessed steady growth between 2006 and 2011.
The author states that if a company increases output in greater proportion than its increase in inputs, it has achieved increasing returns to scale, which often results as firms ramp up to larger production but don't need to increase some inputs (for example, management or physical plant) to achieve it.
What accomplishments and flaws did the EMU attain, ten years later after its establishment?
What was the positive or negative impact on various economies within the Eurozone with an enlarge EU?
The current tax system maintains a balance between production of chicken nuggets and market price, a factor that drives demand high. Since producers get incentives from fair taxation, they cap their prices relatively low to the consumers as well. Since the request for chicken nuggets is highly inelastic, it would take significant tax levy on sales to discourage customers from purchasing the products.
This means that basic product production will increase, marketing can be used with higher amounts of money and there will be the ability to create a set of new product lines that can easily match demand because of the rising employment and benefits to those in the economy that are able to have more spending within the economy.
South East Asia comprises of nations like Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, Philippines, Indonesia, Hongkong and South Korea. They were recognized as tiger economies as the rate of economic growth was quite phenomenal within a short period. However, the economies of South East Asian countries witnessed a debacle in 1997-1998.
After a long decade of the deflationary problem in Japan, the country finally faces inflation. However, this inflation is not the type the country has long wanted for its economy: this sort is of a cost-push variety, instead of the demand-pull. The cost-push inflation Japan faces currently is due to the rising prices of commodities around the globe.
Instead of the revenue authority reviewing tax returns and investigating taxpayers who are suspected to have understated their returns, the Italian authority believes that taxpayers always understate their revenues and therefore establishes a benchmark for negotiating for higher tax payables.
Figure 1 below shows a standard demand and supply of the dumped laser cartridge in Kuwait; before and after internalizing the externalities. Producers and consumers benefit from the gains as a result of this equilibrium. The consumer surplus is represented by the variation between the price and the willingness to pay.
The author states that the hedonic method is used in tracking changes in the CPI so that quality adjustments to the CPI can be made. The purpose of the Consumer Price Index is measuring effects on consumer household by price changes. The preferred method that is used to make quality adjustments is the Hedonic method.