Macro & Microeconomics Essays

The global economy has changed in various periods in history. Changes in the global economy are interesting since they affect different continents in the world. The main reason for this is due to the circulation of goods on different continents. Besides, the effects of commerce are experienced on a global scale. Therefore, an economic slump in the US will also be faced in Europe and the Far East.

Historically, London has been considered as the financial hub of the world. By facilitating the global financial system, London has played an important role in ensuring that the global financial system operates at efficient level. It is argued in the essay, that the financial crisis has also deeply impacted the city of London.

SMEs have been found to have a significant impact on the economy of the UK as well. It has been successful at creating 3.7 million businesses. It has assisted in the creation of massive job opportunities for the people of the UK. However, there are vital problems faced by SMEs in the UK. One of them has been the issues related to finance.

The Concept of General Equilibrium. The concept of general equilibrium is considered to be an integral part of theoretical economics. It desires to present a hypothetical model of market equilibrium in the context of economic theory. The concept of general equilibrium acts best in regards to some propositions that can be underlined as follows.

The global financial crisis of 2008 has negatively affected the functioning of the Eurozone. The financial crisis transformed into the sovereign debt crisis and the banking crisis in Europe, threatening the existence of the euro currency. It was necessary to create an effective plan for the crisis overcoming, in order to ensure the future for the euro.

A nation’s economy is very significant in the development of that particular nation in diverse areas. Every nation has the manoeuvre to better its economy in a bid to better the livelihood of its citizens and to increase independence.

The economic condition in Europe has been getting worse with the passage of time since the financial crisis of 2007. European countries are in need of aid and investment and it has been predicted that some of the countries like Greece and others might not be able to pay off their loan and therefore these countries will default.

Spatial Inequality around London and other UK Cities The urban spatial segregation came to be recognised as a social and economic topic of importance after the Second World War. Debate has been initiated in the context of European cities over the widespread deprivation and poverty related aspects of spatial inequality (McIntosh, 2002, p.

With the passage of time, the issue of the sovereign debt crisis has been getting worse. There are several European Union countries who have taken loans in order to survive in these circumstances and strive to make their overall economic condition better.

The level of unemployment and loss of jobs are increasing at rapid speed in America. Most of the private companies are firing workers and the rate at which workers are getting fired by their companies are also increasing at rapid speed in the country. Not only companies in the private sector are reducing their workforce by firing employees, but also public companies are firing workers.

From this research it is clear that alteration of tax regimes among euro zone may not favour many of the members. However, member states are encouraged to get involved in trade between themselves. Making political governance more efficient to enhance economic growth will promote union’s attempts to control debt crisis.

This essay analyzes whether the Dutch disease existed or not in the case of Russia. This essay also explores the symptoms of Dutch disease such as Real Appreciation in Currency; Service Sector Growth; Growth in Real Wages. At the end of the study there is a comparison of Russian economy with some other states to determine the effectiveness of Russian economic reforms and the present economic performance of Russia.

The aim of this study is to restate the stand of the most influential monetary institution in the world especially when it comes to global trade: consider an economy’s unique situation before opting for an exchange rate. Strengthening an economy’s monetary and fiscal policies are key determinants of economic growth.

This research is aimed at providing a report on issues like international economic factors and effect of these factors on the level of economic growth of European countries, mainly after the World War II. This paper also provides fiscal as well as monetary policy recommendations which are needed to be applied by these countries at large to augment their growth process.

In order to increase productivity and competition in the European Union, a single currency was to be inculcated in the project of European Single Market. In addition, this would offer a monetary policy with credible inflation targeting for those countries that had been marred by the challenges associated with high inflation rates.

In economical terms, auction is a process which follows a systematic approach for selling products with the help of bidding strategies. Economists have presented an auction theory to demonstrate the role of actors and elements associated with the organized strategy of selling and buying commodities and services.

Before the beginning of the Asian Economic Crisis, remarkable economic performance of the countries of East Asia were characterized by high savings rate and prudent fiscal policies. After the enormous capital flow to this region, attracted by high economic growth in the countries, weaknesses and infancy of the affected economies were exposed.

Auctioning has been a practice that has existed with humans for a very long time. In some archaic cultures we read of how when a lady was due for marriage, a special wrestling contest was organised for all men who were interested in the lady so that the winner was the man who married the lady.

Indonesia is located in Southeast Asia with its 18,108 islands covering about five million square kilometers between Indochina and the Indian and Pacific waters.  It is a Muslim-dominated country and is the fourth most populated country in the world.  On the 26th of December in 2004, a 9.2 magnitude earthquake on the Indian Ocean caused a tsunami that killed about 230,000 individuals, etc.

To address the topic of the paper the researcher goes through a holistic perspective on the evolution of coffee business in Brazil. This has been facilitated through an in-depth analysis of facts and figures related to production, exports, quality, logistics processes and problems associated with the coffee industry in Brazil.

As it is shown, the Canadian manufacturers have proved to be innovative, resilient, and responsive to changes. Still, they need to improve on the fronts of product development and innovation to meet international and local competition. Protection of the intellectual properties is among suggestions to improve global competitiveness of the country.

The research highlights that the impacts of the crisis as diverse beyond the aggregate of the rising levels of unemployment and economic collapse, highlighting the differences in transmission channels, vulnerability of economies, and initial conditions, as well as the role played by government policy in dealing with the crisis.

According to the research the UK Parliament is proposing a set of cuts which will put the country into austerity. These cuts will be detrimental for a variety of reasons, especially with regards to built environmental firms. This is because the flow of capital to these firms will be decreased, as will the flow of capital to banks. When the bank's flow of capital is decreased, lending practices will also be decreased.

The study examines the working of banking system in pre-recession phase and tries to find out the reasons, which created the environment for credit crisis. The researcher explains the problems, which should have been addressed to prevent it from happening, and also, the effectiveness of steps taken by the regulatory authorities to handle credit crisis and its effect on global financial institutions.

The economy of China has been showing continuous growth and development in the previous few years. The economists and analysts acknowledge the dramatic improvement in the economy of China with the passage of time as the country has evolved from an underdeveloped country to an emerging and developed world economy.

This article will explore the subject of resource and environmental economics of Russia under the following divisions: economic theories (the new economic theory; the new growth theory; the new trade theory); relationship between environmental regulations and industrial development; developing policies; industrial water pollution control practices; permits, fees and subsidies.

Ethics aren't a fad. They shouldn’t just be emphasized in the time of crisis but should be an ongoing part of the banking sector's practices. This will help this sector in running a successful business and also help sustain economic prosperity that is based on ground reality figures and not fragile figures and expectations.

This article will explore the subject of food prices in agricultural markets under the following divisions: theories and models of the effects of rising food prices; the opposing views; Engel’s law and the effects of food prices on the poor; policies and factors affecting food prices and their effects; the role of studies and researches.

The Great Depression The great depression was experienced in most parts of the world in the 1930s due to interconnectedness among nations. Many countries at this time were recovering from the effects of the just concluded First World War which began in 1914 and just a decade preceding the Second World War.

According to the research findings joining any economic institution can have both positive and negative consequences but the key is to be aware of these and work diplomatically to create win-win situations. Considering that EU has agreed to help Ireland in recovering from the recent financial crisis it appears important to remain a member of the EU.

South Africa is an economic hub of African mainland. There are two macroeconomic problems (i.e. unemployment and electricity access) which stifle the industrial development of the economy. Analysis of the current state of the hospitality industry is conducted with due consideration of that problems. Prospects of launching a venture are estimated.

The study would aim at answering these research questions: What factors affect the compensation of division 1 football coaches in the U.S.? Does the compensation of the division 1 football coaches in the U.S. follow the agency theory? What is the relationship between the compensation of division 1 football coaches and the compensation of other CEOs?

In essence this essay addresses the changes that occurred in England and transformed it from a subsistence based, feudal/ medieval economy to an Agrarian Capitalist society which smoothed the path for the subsequent emergence of the Industrial Revolution.

The budget deficit for the financial year 2012 is 1,327 billion dollars (Chantril). The deficit for the years 2011 and 2010 was 1, 300 billion dollars and 1,293 billion dollars respectively (Chantril). The free market system exists in the economy. The budget impacts the growth of the economy and the allocation or redistribution of resources.

Agency Theory is a phenomenon mostly observed in institutions in which management and ownership are separate. This sort of mechanism is found mostly in a corporation, where the management of the organization is delegated to the managers of the organization (Berger and Patti, 2006). These managers are hired by the owners who hold stocks of the company and are part of the board of directors.

The name of the company is Aldes Middle East (FZE) located in Sharjah, UAE. The company operates in the manufacturing of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning accessories and components. The consolidated corporate sales revenue for the company in 2000 was 144 million Euros. The company was able to add 20 million Euros more in the total sales revenue in 2005.

Conclusive decision on the correlation between financial markets and the real economy have not been reached in previous economic studies. As shown in the essay, various aspects of real economy affect financial markets either positively or negatively. In addition, it is made clear that financial markets impact on real economy.

There seems to be a general consensus among economists that house prices is one but an important variable in determining the direction that the national growth takes within a given economy at a given point in time. Like other goods and services in the market, the housing market is susceptible to the effects of demand and supply side factors, which may be quantitative and qualitative in nature.

BRIC countries - Brazil, Russia, India, and China - are considered to be the most promising and fastest emerging market economies of the world. They are prominent in contrast to other budding economies because of the fact that they not only hold economic potential but also possess demographic strength to become world leaders in a few decades.

As it is shown in the essay, there are number of studies that suggest how foreign aid could undermine the country-beneficiary and its people's ability to change their circumstance. Negative effects include the increase in power on the part of the government, the over dependence on foreign aid, and the adverse impact, referred to as Dutch Disease.

For a producer operating in perfect competition, when he raises the price of his product, his competitors do not raise their prices. As the demand for the producer’s product shifts to the products of the competitors, the producer is forced to resort to the original price. A monopolist does not have to worry about any such retaliation.

This paper explores the relationship between inflation and unemployment and identifies an economic problem which economies face stemming from the business cycle of economic growth.

The level to which fuel price fluctuations as affected by global demand for oil, which in turn affects transport costs can only be explained using supply and demand theories. This paper will discuss how fuel price fluctuation is affected by global demand for oil, which in turn affects the transportation cost.

In sum, the economic relations between China and America have been characterized by a host of complexities. As it has come out from the review, America is an economically established country that has strong economic ties with various countries.

In the year 2004, Hungary had become a constituent of the European Union and was able to transform itself from a planned economy to a market economy. Even though this transition of Hungary was very encouraging and there was a continuous development in the performance of Hungary.

The main reason behind the occurrence of any recession is a decrease in the total expenditure of a country. Real GDP is considered the most appropriate indicator which gauges an economy’s movement. If the real GDP of any economy speeds up its growth rate, the chances for the economy to grow in the broader respects increase sharply.

Central banks are public institutions. They are established by the government and are entrusted with responsibilities to perform specific functions in the economy. Initially, central banks were created to serve as bankers to the government, that is, manage government finances. However, over the years it added various other functions.

Industry Analysis: Toyota’s Position in the Automobile Industry.An industry consists of a number of firms which produces goods that are close substitutes for each other. The structure of the automobile industry is that of an oligopoly with a few firms showing dominance.

European Union’s trade policy toward the developing countries leaves detrimental effects on the economies of the developing countries. One way or other, the EU’s protectionism and extension of heavy subsidies to its local farmers have supported the notions that the EU’s double standards heavily affect the developing economies of the world. 

The goal of this research is to see what contemporary authors have to say about the major risks faced by small and medium enterprises as they entering international trade. Theoretical frameworks related to the question are considered.