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Accordingly, free international trade facilitates quick movement of goods due to uniformity of trade standards and makes the economic environment predictable thus enabling businesses to engage in foreign direct investments (Frederking, 2010). After the passage of Tariff Act 1930, the protectionist policies led to decline in the level of trade thus forcing successive US governments to engage in aggressive efforts of opening markets in other parts of the world.
Holihan (2008) explains that, in economics, the term commodity specifically entails goods. A commodity is a product that is a marketable item that is difficult to differentiate from other products of the same type that are from other manufacturers or producers. According to Holihan (2008), commodity products include both soft and hard primary goods.
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The article applied an aggregated bar graph to represent its information and the graph improves visualization f the effects of the tax cut that the government proposed. Its horizontal axis illustrates percentages of respective items relative to the nation’s gross domestic product while the horizontal axis represents a period in years and communicates anticipated changes in effects of the tax cut. ‘
Some conventional banks have integrated Islamic banking by creating subsidiaries that offer Shari’ah products. Jurisdiction’s Central Bank Acts, Islamic Financial Services Board and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions have been created to provide framework under which Islamic Banks will operate.
Measures that have been taken to stop dumping have always been and are still used as most significant devices by countries as a protection against imports. Measures to stop dumping tend to be supported over other trade remedies because unlike safeguard measures, they provide the opportunity for a selective approach.
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Seven of these ten countries would join once they are able to meet the strict guidelines of Eurozone. Rest of the three countries, including the United Kingdom, have an opt-out exception and will not join the Eurozone until the government takes a decision through a political referendum.
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Major banks became bankrupt and various governments undertook to rescue their economies through economic stimulus packages. Mortgage-back securities became toxic and general stock market declined in value.
There have been many reports which have helped people understand the impact of currency demands, especially since the increase of demand through the use of cards like debit cards, etc. Many surveys have been conducted and when all of these are used to survey new trends.
The study is descriptive in nature and would be based on case studies. Data would be collected partly from legit documentations and partly from observations. The study is expected to take a total of about four months, following proposal’s approval.
Macroeconomic convergence, economic growth and financial development.Convergence is a process in which the per capita incomes of the poorer economies tend to grow as fast as that of the richer economies. The process results in the all the economies per capita incomes to converge eventually.
The extent to which global economies are currently converging is driven by national and international banking regulations (Rosenbluth and Schaap, 2003) and the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), which constituted the first global trade agreement that covered services (Key, 1999).
However, same source indicates there are still traces of its past autarkic policies because of the social democratic policies that have governed the country since 1947 to 1991. At that time, the economy was characterized by extensive regulation, slow growth, protectionism, and corruption.
The last quarter of 2008 witnessed market failure as well as a regulation failure. Thus it is expected that the global financial crisis will encourage the authorities to strengthen the regulation regime and make new regulations as well.The Global financial Crisis first began in USA’s sub-prime mortgage market.
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The Relationship Between Trade Openness and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). There is a vast body of literature to show the cause-and-effect relationship between trade openness of a country and the growth of income. The concept that increase of trade results in increase of incomes lays the basis of endogenous, classical and neoclassical theories of growth.
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The growth rate of manufacturing sectors plays an important role in the economic development of a nation and depicts its economic potential. The manufacturing sector has been the engine of growth since the 18th century. However, recently the service sector accounts for 70% of GDP in advanced economies.
The Okun’s law states that when actual output grows faster than potential output, unemployment rate in an economy, decreases and vice versa. The rate of output (GDP) growth corresponding to the stable rate of unemployment is then considered as the growth rate of the economy.
According to the paper, the developing economies have the advantage of diminishing returns to factors, so they can converge faster than developed economies. Convergence depends on various factors such as the speed of capital formation, population growth and the presence of efficient economic policies as well as appropriate financial institutions.
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The study examines the analysis surrounding the economies of West Africa, their political stances, and their trade policies, as well as the world economy, and West Africa’s part in it will. The information from the analyses will show the realities of the situation in West African countries and their economic relationships with particularly the Western, developed world.
This report will look at looks at a case study of attempted macro level change occurring within the country of Bilidistan that has been in progress for 15 years. A problem analysis will be done of the situation, using various techniques including SWOT analysis and the problem will be analysed as to whether a comparative issue could arise in Saudi Arabia.
The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of the global financial crisis on the UK property market. This will involve seeking data that will reveal the direct financial impacts of the crisis on the property companies, the impact on property consumers in terms of confidence and patterns, the strategic management adaptations to the crisis and the impacts of such responses.
In Finland, a small and medium scale enterprise (SME) is defined as a firm which has less than 250 employees and either an annual turnover of maximum € 40 million or a balance sheet total amount of maximum € 27 million.
The author states that Coca-Cola has largely benefited from its large brand portfolio, the substitutability of these brands has meant that Coca-Cola’s products have elastic demand. Coca-Cola cannot afford to raise the prices of either of its brands without raising prices for its whole portfolio as well as similar raises from its major competitor.
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This essay discusses that development of Canada’s economy is dependent on the increase in technology-intensive exports. Generation of new and improved products has demonstrated the indigenous technological capability. Accumulation of technological expertise has been fostered by inter-firm overtime transfer of knowledge.
This paper presents an essay drawn on the theories of rent and urban economies. The theories explain in detail the patterns in office rent shown in the Colliers UK Office Rent Map. The first section covers the theory of neighborhood. The second one is the natural evolution theory followed by the bid rent theory.
This research paper aims at underpinning the financial crisis of 2011 based on the crisis and influence of the past financial crisis of 2007. The present debt crisis has affected the European Nations along with raising questions over the liquidity position of their banks. The ghost of the past crisis has emerged from the shadow of another haunted dawn that carries a serious threat to different economies of the world.
Economic integration of up to twenty seven independent states has given rise to the European Union (EU). These states have come together to establish a community that is politically and economically united through the provisions of an economic integration.
Financial intermediaries are the first component of financial system. As the name signifies, financial intermediaries act as an intermediary or channel between two parties. The two parties are namely investors and the firms that are raising fund or savers and borrowers.
Japan and Brazil are two countries that have stable and fast-growing economies and political systems. Japan ranks among the best economies in the world as it lists at position three in the financial records of the best performing economies in the world. Brazil on the other side is one of the countries that are growing at an alarming rate and is apparently the largest economy in Latin America.
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This research describes the impact of the East Asian Miracle that led the path for most of the upcoming countries that leveled various standards of political and social collaboration for better prospects. Eventually every country in the world strived to make a viable development plan that would enable them to develop like what happened in the East Asia.
The period extending from the 5th century to the 15th century has been termed the medieval period. The middle ages represent a significant period in European history and are characterized by certain particular features found to exist in Europe. From ancient times, many civilizations in Europe developed the practice of slavery.
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In trying to underpin cause and effect or links, various situations, factors, and variables are considered in the paper. These includes governance, policies, market characteristics, culture, tradition, work attitudes, individuals, organizations, environments, cost of living, and other variants that contribute to the complexity of the puzzle.
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China has formally declared 1979 its one-child policy. Due to the fear that surplus population growth would destabilize its modernization initiates, in early 1980, this policy was meticulously engaged by the Chinese government. However, due to increasing concerns of rural unstableness, liberal relaxations of Chinese rural policies were announced between 1984 and 1989.
The problem in the global financial markets is being seen as a threat to the economy of the United States. In particular, the debt crisis in Europe might trigger a global recession (Moon, 2011). The U.S. fears that this turmoil might affect the country said the Federal Reserve in the sense that this could be a risk to the economy, though at present the crisis in Europe shows little impact on the U.S.
Due to stress, the poor take into drugs that will make them feel a bit happy and to forget the problems that are there in their lives. In the process of doing this, they are not able to get themselves off these habits even at times when they get money and, thus, end up in cycles of poverty. Their lives are not able to move on as normal.
The global economy has changed in various periods in history. Changes in the global economy are interesting since they affect different continents in the world. The main reason for this is due to the circulation of goods on different continents. Besides, the effects of commerce are experienced on a global scale. Therefore, an economic slump in the US will also be faced in Europe and the Far East.
Historically, London has been considered as the financial hub of the world. By facilitating the global financial system, London has played an important role in ensuring that the global financial system operates at efficient level. It is argued in the essay, that the financial crisis has also deeply impacted the city of London.
SMEs have been found to have a significant impact on the economy of the UK as well. It has been successful at creating 3.7 million businesses. It has assisted in the creation of massive job opportunities for the people of the UK. However, there are vital problems faced by SMEs in the UK. One of them has been the issues related to finance.
The Concept of General Equilibrium.
The concept of general equilibrium is considered to be an integral part of theoretical economics. It desires to present a hypothetical model of market equilibrium in the context of economic theory. The concept of general equilibrium acts best in regards to some propositions that can be underlined as follows.
The global financial crisis of 2008 has negatively affected the functioning of the Eurozone. The financial crisis transformed into the sovereign debt crisis and the banking crisis in Europe, threatening the existence of the euro currency. It was necessary to create an effective plan for the crisis overcoming, in order to ensure the future for the euro.
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A nation’s economy is very significant in the development of that particular nation in diverse areas. Every nation has the manoeuvre to better its economy in a bid to better the livelihood of its citizens and to increase independence.
The economic condition in Europe has been getting worse with the passage of time since the financial crisis of 2007. European countries are in need of aid and investment and it has been predicted that some of the countries like Greece and others might not be able to pay off their loan and therefore these countries will default.
Spatial Inequality around London and other UK Cities
The urban spatial segregation came to be recognised as a social and economic topic of importance after the Second World War.
Debate has been initiated in the context of European cities over the widespread deprivation and poverty related aspects of spatial inequality (McIntosh, 2002, p.
With the passage of time, the issue of the sovereign debt crisis has been getting worse. There are several European Union countries who have taken loans in order to survive in these circumstances and strive to make their overall economic condition better.
The level of unemployment and loss of jobs are increasing at rapid speed in America. Most of the private companies are firing workers and the rate at which workers are getting fired by their companies are also increasing at rapid speed in the country. Not only companies in the private sector are reducing their workforce by firing employees, but also public companies are firing workers.
From this research it is clear that alteration of tax regimes among euro zone may not favour many of the members. However, member states are encouraged to get involved in trade between themselves. Making political governance more efficient to enhance economic growth will promote union’s attempts to control debt crisis.
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This essay analyzes whether the Dutch disease existed or not in the case of Russia. This essay also explores the symptoms of Dutch disease such as Real Appreciation in Currency; Service Sector Growth; Growth in Real Wages. At the end of the study there is a comparison of Russian economy with some other states to determine the effectiveness of Russian economic reforms and the present economic performance of Russia.
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The aim of this study is to restate the stand of the most influential monetary institution in the world especially when it comes to global trade: consider an economy’s unique situation before opting for an exchange rate. Strengthening an economy’s monetary and fiscal policies are key determinants of economic growth.
This research is aimed at providing a report on issues like international economic factors and effect of these factors on the level of economic growth of European countries, mainly after the World War II. This paper also provides fiscal as well as monetary policy recommendations which are needed to be applied by these countries at large to augment their growth process.
In order to increase productivity and competition in the European Union, a single currency was to be inculcated in the project of European Single Market. In addition, this would offer a monetary policy with credible inflation targeting for those countries that had been marred by the challenges associated with high inflation rates.
In economical terms, auction is a process which follows a systematic approach for selling products with the help of bidding strategies. Economists have presented an auction theory to demonstrate the role of actors and elements associated with the organized strategy of selling and buying commodities and services.