Macro & Microeconomics Essays

Thanks to globalization of trade, the prices of goods and services in the market are being driven by the global prices. Globalization has allowed for stiff competition in the market which has led to people choosing the best prices of goods. As result, people who sell their goods at extremely high prices have been forced to tone down by the market forces reading to creation of uniform prices of goods.

The period after recession and presidential election in 2012 saw changes in the policies of the government. These policies are in line with the fundamentals of economic theory on supply and demand and at the same time keeping an eye over the performance of US dollar.

This recession made the federal government under the leadership of president Obama to come up with a stimulus package program in the year 2009. The package was commonly known as fiscal policy and it was focusing at economic stimulation via financing government project to create direct employment opportunities.

The results are unpredictable and can cause shocking huge outcomes, for example, the 9/11 attack. Correa (n.d.) argues that the black swan events occurrences are unpredictable and no one knew before that such events could happen in the future. The author gives an example of the Internet, which has expanded and caused big changes globally.

The nominal Gross Domestic Product of the United States of America was approximated to be $16.62 trillion in the year 2012. This is almost one quarter of nominal global Gross Domestic Product. In addition, the country’s Gross Domestic Product at purchasing power parity is also the leading among any definite nation in the universe.

As a major export-run nation, Germany continues to be exposed to changes in the domestic economy, capital markets, world economies, and trade flows. Risk Assessment: Germany Introduction The purpose of this paper is to assess the suitability and stability of Germany for both the United States Government and foreign private sector investment.

Policy decisions do not depend on social planners who explain the extension of social well-being as their choices. Many economic models that were made in the past failed to elucidate what is happening in the real world because they ignore politics. Political economy integrates anthropology, sociology, philosophy, and the sciences of nature.

Such issues include the concept of opportunity cost, production possibility frontier, and scarcity of resources, tradeoffs, efficiency, and the market structure in which Thasta operates. First section: Opportunity Cost Concept The management of Supa Drink must factor in this critical concept as they plan to roll out Thasta into the beverage market.

The monetary policy mainly revolves around the control of the liquidity preference and the money supply in the economy. The main objective behind the implementation of a monetary policy is the maintenance of the value of the local currency of the economy by taming the inflation.

In reality, the Asian financial crisis became the severest form to affect developing countries after the huge 1982 debt crisis. In this way, this crisis was least expected. The crisis shed light on possible weaknesses within the international capital market in the event of immediate reversals of a growing market.

In the modern world, economic growth in a nation can be obtained with the benefits of international trade and competition. History has shown that nations like the U.K., have adopted the mixed economic system, thereby achieving substantial growth since Industrial Revolution. Economists believe that competition in the market maximizes the value of the net social welfare in a country.

In recent years, most states have increased taxes on tobacco to assist in reducing their budget deficits. Economists have viewed this effect as a win-win situation as it has positive health effects and also a budget effect. There is a general agreement among policymakers that raising taxes on tobacco would result in a reduction of consumption.

High powered incentives enables employees to achieve their set targets because they would work with vigor to ensure that their goals are achieved. The intensity of the qualitative work done by employees is also increased due to the intensity of punishment that may be levied against one for not achieving their goals or the set objectives.

Samsung has been innovative because they were among the first to manufacture smartphones. A smartphone is a mobile phone that is built on a mobile operating system that has a more advanced capability of computing and connectivity as compared to the common feature phone (Tidd, 1997). 

The circumstance lies in the fact that labor productivity does not entail some other elements of production that exist. This may influence the value added per employee. Taking into account several other factors of production, it is crucial to approximate total factor productivity (TFP) as an alternative to just concentrating on labor productivity.

Internationalization is the process by which any company that is operating in its home country or a particular nation aims at expanding to foreign soils through various techniques in order to tap the international markets and to move out of any stagnation in the growth of the company. There are various methods or strategies by which corporations enter into foreign markets. 

Accordingly, free international trade facilitates quick movement of goods due to uniformity of trade standards and makes the economic environment predictable thus enabling businesses to engage in foreign direct investments (Frederking, 2010). After the passage of Tariff Act 1930, the protectionist policies led to decline in the level of trade thus forcing successive US governments to engage in aggressive efforts of opening markets in other parts of the world.

Holihan (2008) explains that, in economics, the term commodity specifically entails goods. A commodity is a product that is a marketable item that is difficult to differentiate from other products of the same type that are from other manufacturers or producers. According to Holihan (2008), commodity products include both soft and hard primary goods.

The article applied an aggregated bar graph to represent its information and the graph improves visualization f the effects of the tax cut that the government proposed. Its horizontal axis illustrates percentages of respective items relative to the nation’s gross domestic product while the horizontal axis represents a period in years and communicates anticipated changes in effects of the tax cut. ‘

Some conventional banks have integrated Islamic banking by creating subsidiaries that offer Shari’ah products. Jurisdiction’s Central Bank Acts, Islamic Financial Services Board and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions have been created to provide framework under which Islamic Banks will operate.

Measures that have been taken to stop dumping have always been and are still used as most significant devices by countries as a protection against imports. Measures to stop dumping tend to be supported over other trade remedies because unlike safeguard measures, they provide the opportunity for a selective approach.

Seven of these ten countries would join once they are able to meet the strict guidelines of Eurozone. Rest of the three countries, including the United Kingdom, have an opt-out exception and will not join the Eurozone until the government takes a decision through a political referendum.

Major banks became bankrupt and various governments undertook to rescue their economies through economic stimulus packages. Mortgage-back securities became toxic and general stock market declined in value.

There have been many reports which have helped people understand the impact of currency demands, especially since the increase of demand through the use of cards like debit cards, etc. Many surveys have been conducted and when all of these are used to survey new trends.

The study is descriptive in nature and would be based on case studies. Data would be collected partly from legit documentations and partly from observations. The study is expected to take a total of about four months, following proposal’s approval.

Macroeconomic convergence, economic growth and financial development.Convergence is a process in which the per capita incomes of the poorer economies tend to grow as fast as that of the richer economies. The process results in the all the economies per capita incomes to converge eventually.

The extent to which global economies are currently converging is driven by national and international banking regulations (Rosenbluth and Schaap, 2003) and the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), which constituted the first global trade agreement that covered services (Key, 1999).

However, same source indicates there are still traces of its past autarkic policies because of the social democratic policies that have governed the country since 1947 to 1991. At that time, the economy was characterized by extensive regulation, slow growth, protectionism, and corruption.

The last quarter of 2008 witnessed market failure as well as a regulation failure. Thus it is expected that the global financial crisis will encourage the authorities to strengthen the regulation regime and make new regulations as well.The Global financial Crisis first began in USA’s sub-prime mortgage market.

The Relationship Between Trade Openness and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). There is a vast body of literature to show the cause-and-effect relationship between trade openness of a country and the growth of income. The concept that increase of trade results in increase of incomes lays the basis of endogenous, classical and neoclassical theories of growth.

The growth rate of manufacturing sectors plays an important role in the economic development of a nation and depicts its economic potential. The manufacturing sector has been the engine of growth since the 18th century. However, recently the service sector accounts for 70% of GDP in advanced economies.

The Okun’s law states that when actual output grows faster than potential output, unemployment rate in an economy, decreases and vice versa. The rate of output (GDP) growth corresponding to the stable rate of unemployment is then considered as the growth rate of the economy.

According to the paper, the developing economies have the advantage of diminishing returns to factors, so they can converge faster than developed economies. Convergence depends on various factors such as the speed of capital formation, population growth and the presence of efficient economic policies as well as appropriate financial institutions.

The study examines the analysis surrounding the economies of West Africa, their political stances, and their trade policies, as well as the world economy, and West Africa’s part in it will. The information from the analyses will show the realities of the situation in West African countries and their economic relationships with particularly the Western, developed world.

This report will look at looks at a case study of attempted macro level change occurring within the country of Bilidistan that has been in progress for 15 years. A problem analysis will be done of the situation, using various techniques including SWOT analysis and the problem will be analysed as to whether a comparative issue could arise in Saudi Arabia.

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of the global financial crisis on the UK property market. This will involve seeking data that will reveal the direct financial impacts of the crisis on the property companies, the impact on property consumers in terms of confidence and patterns, the strategic management adaptations to the crisis and the impacts of such responses.

In Finland, a small and medium scale enterprise (SME) is defined as a firm which has less than 250 employees and either an annual turnover of maximum € 40 million or a balance sheet total amount of maximum € 27 million.

The author states that Coca-Cola has largely benefited from its large brand portfolio, the substitutability of these brands has meant that Coca-Cola’s products have elastic demand. Coca-Cola cannot afford to raise the prices of either of its brands without raising prices for its whole portfolio as well as similar raises from its major competitor.

This essay discusses that development of Canada’s economy is dependent on the increase in technology-intensive exports. Generation of new and improved products has demonstrated the indigenous technological capability. Accumulation of technological expertise has been fostered by inter-firm overtime transfer of knowledge.

This paper presents an essay drawn on the theories of rent and urban economies. The theories explain in detail the patterns in office rent shown in the Colliers UK Office Rent Map. The first section covers the theory of neighborhood. The second one is the natural evolution theory followed by the bid rent theory.

This research paper aims at underpinning the financial crisis of 2011 based on the crisis and influence of the past financial crisis of 2007. The present debt crisis has affected the European Nations along with raising questions over the liquidity position of their banks. The ghost of the past crisis has emerged from the shadow of another haunted dawn that carries a serious threat to different economies of the world.

Economic integration of up to twenty seven independent states has given rise to the European Union (EU). These states have come together to establish a community that is politically and economically united through the provisions of an economic integration.

Financial intermediaries are the first component of financial system. As the name signifies, financial intermediaries act as an intermediary or channel between two parties. The two parties are namely investors and the firms that are raising fund or savers and borrowers.

Japan and Brazil are two countries that have stable and fast-growing economies and political systems. Japan ranks among the best economies in the world as it lists at position three in the financial records of the best performing economies in the world. Brazil on the other side is one of the countries that are growing at an alarming rate and is apparently the largest economy in Latin America.

This research describes the impact of the East Asian Miracle that led the path for most of the upcoming countries that leveled various standards of political and social collaboration for better prospects. Eventually every country in the world strived to make a viable development plan that would enable them to develop like what happened in the East Asia.

The period extending from the 5th century to the 15th century has been termed the medieval period. The middle ages represent a significant period in European history and are characterized by certain particular features found to exist in Europe. From ancient times, many civilizations in Europe developed the practice of slavery.

In trying to underpin cause and effect or links, various situations, factors, and variables are considered in the paper. These includes governance, policies, market characteristics, culture, tradition, work attitudes, individuals, organizations, environments, cost of living, and other variants that contribute to the complexity of the puzzle.

China has formally declared 1979 its one-child policy. Due to the fear that surplus population growth would destabilize its modernization initiates, in early 1980, this policy was meticulously engaged by the Chinese government. However, due to increasing concerns of rural unstableness, liberal relaxations of Chinese rural policies were announced between 1984 and 1989.

The problem in the global financial markets is being seen as a threat to the economy of the United States. In particular, the debt crisis in Europe might trigger a global recession (Moon, 2011). The U.S. fears that this turmoil might affect the country said the Federal Reserve in the sense that this could be a risk to the economy, though at present the crisis in Europe shows little impact on the U.S.

Due to stress, the poor take into drugs that will make them feel a bit happy and to forget the problems that are there in their lives. In the process of doing this, they are not able to get themselves off these habits even at times when they get money and, thus, end up in cycles of poverty. Their lives are not able to move on as normal.