Our website is a unique platform where students can share their papers in a matter of giving an example of the work to be done. If you find papers
matching your topic, you may use them only as an example of work. This is 100% legal. You may not submit downloaded papers as your own, that is cheating. Also you
should remember, that this work was alredy submitted once by a student who originally wrote it.
According to the paper before the current economic crisis, Euro was considered as a strong currency with relatively smaller probability of disintegration. However, the sovereign debt crisis of different countries especially of Greece created strong doubts over the viability of Euro as the optimum currency area. The concept of optimal currency region or optimum currency area is one of the key concepts outlining the economics of integration.
He is better known for speaking out his mind and opinions (W. W. Norton & Company ). Objective The main objective of Krugman works has been bringing the theory of increasing returns into the economic mainstream. Increasing returns is an economical term signifying the occurrence that success results to more success.
Preview sample
sponsored ads
Hire a pro to write a paper under your requirements!
Win a special DISCOUNT!
Put in your e-mail and click the button with your lucky finger
In particular, this discipline carries crucial importance on the lives and welfare of every human being. Any economy that has thriving macroeconomic management should be in a position to experience low rates of unemployment and inflation with a steady and sustained economic growth and vise versa (Bade and Parkin 1983).
Therefore, the market will only depend on the pricing, which affects the frequency of demand for some products. For instance, when the prices of some goods are reduced, the customers could insist on increasing the quantity in demand. This technique could be used by markets to shape their demand for products in the market.
Banks are facing extinction due to a lack of measures to address emerging needs in the financial markets. There is a need to institute measures that embrace innovation in order to avoid extinction. The emergence of mobile financial institutions has given the banks a big blow as the new institutions are providing better and more efficient services.
The attendees could also have used the available leisure time to do some other work. They are losing a sufficient amount of salary to attain a degree course and anticipate earning during the course as well. It should be remembered that the opportunity cost is nil for attendees who manage the fees from others.
The bigger the market size in terms of the total number of people within a population would mean that there is a bigger demand for electricity. The lesser the number of electricity suppliers would mean that the supply for electricity would be lesser as compared to a situation that the number of electricity sources is many.
In terms of micro-analysis, it is crucial to regard the perspectives of customers, suppliers, employees and competitors. To begin with, micro-analysis of the environment also relates to the five-porter forces model. This is because the porter model deals with an internal rival, the threat of entry, supplier power, buyer power and the aspect of a substitute product.
Laws and socio-economic policies as well as programs are likely to result in far-reaching counterproductive consequences. The performance of complicated functions in our everyday lives is guided by the knowledge that when applied to a range of social, political, legal as well as economic processes helps in the development of society as a whole
The possibility of a fresh international recession and sovereign debt issues for the developed world shifts attention from the escalating prices of agricultural commodities. The current high food prices, according to analysts, are expected to last for a while. The causes of the current price volatility are associated with both long and short-term factors.
One of the ongoing discussions that pervades economics, business, and politics, is the level to which government intervention is useful or harmful to the economic system as a whole. Both sides have some convincing arguments. On the one hand, those that argue against government intervention advocate the laissez faire form of economic doctrine.
It argued in the essay, that the economic and political measures, introduced by governments to overcome the crisis, was not truly effective. Existing regulatory framework was unable to control the process and finally the use and misuse of the stimuli money with regards to the outlandish bonuses that were paid to many top ranking bank officials.
Short-run Phillips curve & the long-run Phillips curve
How do active and passive views of these concepts differ? The Philips Curves are fundamental to the study of economics. The Curves represent the relationship between inflation and unemployment rates and, they have cross relationships with aggregate supply curves.
Economic growth refers to an increase in a state’s productivity and prolific capacity that is determined by the comparison of the gross national product (GNP) in a particular year with the GNP in the previous or the preceding year (Friedman, 2005). Hoist in the advances in technology, capital stock, and progression in the quality and point of literacy is always viewed as the main causes of economic growth.
4 pages (1000 words)
, Download 2
, Book Report/Review
Asset liquidity is mainly a measure of the ability to convert the asset into money once a money demand arises. Global liquidity is mainly enabled by the IMF and other international funding institutions according to Landau J. P (2011), private banks and other financial institution control the liquidation rate through the changes in the interest rates and commercial assets.
7 pages (1886 words)
, Download 2
, Research Paper
Free
It is known to be the densest country in the whole world with around 6500 people per square kilometer. This is majorly caused by the high rate of immigration with a low death rate.The economy of Singapore is among the fastest growing economies in Asia with its GDP growing by 8% between the years 2004 and 2007 on average.
7 pages (2179 words)
, Download 3
, Research Paper
Free
The debates involve discussions about how reforms can be brought about in this sector. This point of view takes care of the economic objectives of the reforms in the health care system but obscures the other portion of the purposes of providing efficient health care: the morally vital attributes of the medical profession and the health care provision.
Coca Cola holds a marketplace leader position in the entire oligopoly market foundation, where there are barely any key market players and scarcely any stress from potential opponents. Coca Cola is a primary or a manufacturing industry. It depicts a kinked demand curve, augmented opening barriers, augmented cost sensitivity and interest group (Sutton, 2012).
The unstable increase in the price due to increasing demand for houses and uncertain demand for mortgages by the financial sectors were the major reasons behind for the eruption of 2008 US crisis. At the same time, it has been identified that there laid significant differences and similarities between the 1998 Asian financial crisis and 2008 US Financial crisis.
5 pages (1360 words)
, Download 2
, Research Paper
Free
The global economy has over the past decades depended on oil as the key source of energy for domestic use and industrialization. Even with the current economic policies with an alternative source of energy in nuclear technology and the traditionally used coal, Oil still remains the primary energy source for the world.
4 pages (1000 words)
, Download 2
, Research Paper
Free
McDonald's follows a certain pricing strategy, as it provides its products at a relatively lower price than its competitors, furthermore, it gives bundle offers to increase the overall sales. Most of McDonald's restaurants are either owned or they are franchises. McDonald's makes most of its revenue from rents, royalties, and franchises fee.
Indeed, its confusing structure, organization, and responsibilities make it difficult for American's to understand. In explaining the Federal Reserve, the New York Times describes it as having, “exercised more influence over economic growth and the level of employment than other government entity.”
Every project is undertaken to add value or bring beneficial changes hence its resources should be well organized and utilized to ensure they achieve the outlined unique goals and objectives. This requires the hiring of competent project managers who will conduct good and successful project management.
Government support and interventions play a significant role in the growth and development of businesses in emerging economies. Business groups in developing economies can add value to the nation’s economy as they fill institutional gaps and take advantage of opportunities created by outdated policies.
The reason for it is that as the price goes up the opportunity cost of buying it also rises so people are willing to forgo its consumption and look for alternatives. The graph below shows the demand function. As the price decreases, more consumers are willing and able to buy more of the product and vice versa, hence the downward sloping curve.
Various aspects that include the association of CAT bonds with the Theory of Asset Demand and comparison of these bonds with more common types of bonds and a comprehensive explanation about the advantages along with the disadvantages possessed by the aforementioned bonds will also be discussed in the paper.
The literature published on the effects of free trade has covered in great detail its empirical and theoretical aspects. Despite the fact that the parties on both sides of the debate are strong, many of the economists are of the point of view that free trade leads to increased gains for society.
The focus of the essay is on the change of the policies, carried out by different governments, under influence of globalization process. This process integrates network of political, technological, economic, cultural ideas through communication, transportation and trade. This increased interconnectedness between countries brought many challenges.
.
Historical facts are also provided to understand the reason for selection of PPP as a means of financing. It also contains literature survey of the problems of London Underground and Metronet also the National Audit Office Report is presented.
According to Mutual Consultants Ltd (2009), Reliability-centered Maintenance (RCM) which is based on the principle of preserving the functions of the equipment to which it is applied has demonstrated the ability to deliver optimum maintenance for all kinds of assets. RCM covers both the risk of physical and operational failure.
“Economics is the study of allocation of scarce resources, choices, and opportunity costs” (Department of Economics: Description and Mission of Department par. 1). The choices are made mainly for two purposes- consumption and production. The major economic principles that influence the choice of a society with the view point of a consumer are utility analysis, indifference curve analysis, and demand theories.
The author defines corporate culture as the way in which a company operates and their priorities. Tesco Plc uses the role culture, which is bureaucratic in nature and authority is based on the position that a person occupies within the hierarchy. This is the case because the structure of the company is highly organised.
An organization in order to face the challenges and maintain sustainability develops various strategies. In the paper, Ford Motor Company has been focused on as the company in order to conduct the study. The challenges that may be faced by Ford Motors in relation to its corporate social responsibility, crisis management, and globalization aspects have been highlighted.
The questionnaire should be relevant and user-friendly and it should be structured in such a way that it could easily extract a considerable amount of information without causing any offense or boredom to the respondent. How often do you use the services offered by the library? This should have been a close-ended question.
According to the research, advertising is important for firms in a monopoly, monopolistic competition, and an oligopoly. It is a valuable tool that helps firms in these three market structures to inform their consumers. Although the goals may differ, advertising is used a great deal by not only oligopolies and firms in monopolistic competition but also by monopolies.
6 pages (1500 words)
, Download 2
, Research Paper
Free
Globalization. Economics is the social science that deals with money, markets, individuals, investments, economy etc. Economics has two main branches “Micro economics and macro economics” Micro economics deal with individuals and how they earn their livelihood where as macroeconomics deals with aggregate issues or economy as whole.
Economic Protectionism
Economic protectionism can be achieved through measures such as the imposition of import tariffs, which will mostly depend upon the situation of the economy. A country in great need of a particular commodity will rather lower the rate of tariffs charged on imported goods in order to encourage importation of a given commodity.
Generally speaking, it is essential to state that it was late summer 2008. The nation was losing hundreds of thousands of jobs each month; the stock market was plunging, major banking institutions were failing by the day and the country was dragging the global economy toward a second Great Depression.
European crisis refers to the increasing budget deficit in the European states due to the debt crisis. The crisis is most prominent in a few eurozone countries but its effects are being witnessed in Europe as a whole. As the crisis is reaching a higher point, it is affecting countries other than the European countries as well.
This is in terms of the quality of life led by the citizens. Some critics however have found that the use of national income data is not 100 percent reliable indicator of standard of life (Miller, 2011). The business cycles in an economy would influence standard of living.
It is therefore vivid to note that the government should always control employment by creating more jobs to the unemployed. It is fundamental to note that importation always has adverse effects on the level of unemployment. This is because countries that rely mostly on imported goods reduce the development and expansion of the local industries in the country (Carbaugh 2008).
Previously before the deregulation act the Civil Aeronautics Board (CBA) was responsible of regulating the airline industry. The CBA regulated prices charged by the airlines for the services they offered, the entry of airlines in the industry, that is only airlines registered and approved by this regulatory body access United States airport, also they regulated any form of business combination in this industry as well as any agreement between the different players in this sectors.
The issue of resource allocation in an economy and the efficiency or inefficiency of free markets is still among the hotly contested debates in political and economic circles. The practical reality is that most markets are prone to encounter inefficiencies influenced by different factors. The efficiency of free markets surrounds the effectiveness of an economy.
Economic Development of a country normally refers to the continuous and intensive actions of governments and their policies to endorse and improve the standard of living, economic growth and financial stability of the people of their country. This may include human capital, infrastructure, economic and financial sustainability, health, literacy, etc.
Normally for any particular economy, both social and political problems are the key factors relevant in achieving all the four objectives. Fiscal policy refers to expenditure and taxation policies central government, that are implemented by the ministry of finance through special agencies, directly or through area ministries, where as, monetary policies are the government’s regulations of the interest rate level and money supply in the economy.
A demand for a good or service is the quantity that the potential consumers are willing and able to purchase at a particular price. Various factors affect the number of goods that may be demanded in the market. In the case of Buenos Aires, the factor that determines the quantity demanded is the expected changes in the prices.
In the utilization of liberal ideologies, a country’s economy can substantially augment since it has the capacity to partake in numerous economic exchanges with different countries around the globe. Similarly, globalization aims at integration of different markets and economies around the world thus making the world a single system (Ognivtsev 1).
The profits of a firm in essence are the total revenue net of total costs. Both these variables, total revenues and total costs depend upon the level of output produced. Additionally, the price charged per unit of the product influences the total revenue.
Public resources spent on the infrastructure, development of tourist resorts, and hotels, etc. may result in the negligence of other departments. These may reduce government investment in other critical areas, like the health and education of the local people. Furthermore, tourism development may result in the rising demand for real estate.
In terms of macroeconomic data, the Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the Philippines were (PHP billions) P6,563 for 2008, P6,826 for 2009, P6,889 for 2010, and P7,221 for 2011. This means that the country’s Real Gross Domestic Product growth rate was 6.4 percent for 2008, 4.0 percent for 2009, 0.93 percent for 2010, and 4.8 percent for 2011.