Macro & Microeconomics Essays

The principles of the WTO trading system are based on trade without discrimination, free trade, predictability, promotion of fair competition, and encouraging economic development and reform. The most-favored-nation (MFN) is required to treat other nations and peoples equally. If the MFN treats one nation a certain way, it must treat all of the WTO nations the same. This applies to all other WTO members.

It is essential to state that the microbes persist to endure despite the fresh invention of Antibiotics. The latest surfacing of several viral and bacterial diseases is gaining fresh mutational advantages in causing uncharacteristic presentations and the rate of incidence of diseases and mortality (Rao, Susheela, & Kumar, 2007).

Today the world is changing rapidly and after a period of 30 years, we would experience a totally new form of the economic environment, which would not have many similarities with the past. Although the USA is considered to be the most powerful economy, its growth has sluggish in the past decades. It is not expected to undergo any rapid improvements in the recent future.

Economics is broken down into two branches. One deals with the basic principles of supply and demand (microeconomics) while the other deals with principles involved in the national economy (macroeconomics). Microeconomics study how decisions of allocating limited resources made by households, individuals, or firms in the market are affected.

The paper "The Greek Financial Crisis" is an outstanding example of a macro & microeconomics essay. This paper examines a contemporary issue – the Greek financial crises which caused major problems to the Greek economy and have transformed social and cultural life. The paper would examine the management theories that relate to the business and environmental context of Greece and how it has been affected by the financial crisis.

The paper "Aggregational Role of Voting and Majority Rule" is an outstanding example of a macro & microeconomics essay. A market economy is characterised by the existence of free-market forces and free trade. The buyers and sellers interact in such a market freely and the equilibrium price and quantity are determined by the market forces of demand and supply.

Competitive markets, on the other hand, are those where firms will be able to exercise some degree of influence over the market price. This is mainly caused by the presence of only a few sellers, and/or products are differentiated rather than standardized. There are three varieties of markets with imperfect competition.

Any good training will involve evaluation and feedback. Training needs to be evaluated at the middle and end of the training. There will be a questionnaire passed out to the employees at the beginning of the training to request their expectations from the training. Halfway through a questionnaire will be given to assess whether they feel they are getting what they need.

According to Cronk (1996), the modern-day consumer is strangled in a web of myths spun by the mass media to aid the global onslaught of capitalism. In the media-produced hyper-reality, our choices in the form of brands are already made for us.  Cronk (1996) laments the loss of cultural values to economic growth and self-knowledge to consumerism.

Gross income includes almost everything that a person earns under the sun. Anything that gives monetary benefit to the taxpayer must be included as part of his gross income although there are those which can be excluded as exceptions like retirement privileges and state welfare benefits in certain territories. 

The entire process of evaluating the present state of the economy and then deciding upon the suitable interest rate targets and adequate money supply is undertaken by the FOMC. In essence, it is the part of the Fed that administers the effective money supply for the nation through open market operations and interest rate targeting. 

The first major cause of economic loss relies on the comments and representations that have been given carelessly. For instance, an advertising agency requests a bank to seek information on the creditworthiness of a third party client. The client’s bank is called and an inquiry is undertaken. The original bank and called the client’s bank to seek free information.

Keynesian demand management principles and the full employment criteria lack clarity and consistency. So do Marxian beliefs in class society, for, according to Marx, eliminating poverty in capitalist communities is inherently impossible. Yet, it would be fair to say that poverty policy solutions must be productive and active. They should not undermine economic growth and must stimulate employment.

SAFTA is trying to create a holistic approach that will deliver long term benefits to the participating countries at the expense of short term costs. Since the region possesses certain inherent advantages like homogeneity in the socio-cultural environment, one can expect free trade to be successful in the near future leading to fast economic growth in that region.

The Fed, from its point of view, thinks that it is a victim of circumstance. The Chairman, Ben Bernanke, would argue that the actions the Fed took, actually saved the country. It is hard to prove a negative sometimes though. Whatever the Fed did during the crisis, they must take some responsibility for the financial climate in the years earlier.

On average college graduates earn more than high school graduates. Between 1979 and 2006 there was a widening of the gap from 26% to a high of 86%. It reflects the operations of the forces of demand and supply in the marketplace for labor. No one worker or firm can determine the price. There are instances in which this assumption does not hold.

The white population of the North American region is more acquainted with the use of digital home technology. The people other than the white tribes owing to the scarcity of education and money fail to gain wider access to such technology. However, with the growth of Internet technology use in the region the gender and age gaps are slowly depleting.

It has been highly controversial whether the free market is suitable for the present world economy. It is still unknown which economic policy would solve the fundamental economic problems of the present economy. It is time to analyze whether the concept of a mixed economy would find success in this present world. 

Globalization refers to the integration of economies in order to develop a global economy in the world. This process leads to a single interdependent system through the integration of capital markets, information, information, and trade across the national borders thus creating a single global marketplace.

Markets help companies come up with a product, while customers decide what to buy. Our market structures are forces that aid in directing decision-making and relay on the availability of the item, how much it costs, and the incentives offered. An organization's success is dependent on its capability in acquiring or producing services or goods.

Seeing regionalization as a challenge to globalization is possibly the best viewpoint for the coming years since that is the trend the world seems to be going towards. The simple fact of the matter is that regionalisation is seen as a positive thing with many benefits for the countries involved while globalisation is seen as American hegemony.

A simple and practical definition of the value of money would be the number of goods and services, which will be given for a unit of money. Obviously, the value of money is closely tied with “purchasing power” which could simply be defined as the ability of the holder of the money to obtain control over goods and services.

The issue that A must consider before taking up the purchase of such bonds is to examine how the transfer of the bonds should be arranged. When the transfer is affected through a true sale, the advantages will be that the investor receives the title to the assets and the ownership to the receivables may be valid and enforceable in his favor.

The globalization-aligned attitudes of IMF and World Bank are exemplified with clarity by Jean-Claude Trichet, President of the European Central Bank, when he says," The key aim of today’s policymakers has not changed compared to those at the Bretton Woods times- it has been and still is global prosperity and stability.

These funds will definitely act as replacements to the significant investment from the outsiders and provides a wider scope for public investments. The 75% investments that are directed towards the economic development will improvise the manufacturing economy and indeed increase the per capita income of the United States as well as the competitiveness turning it into a world leader.

The burden will be heavier if the current PFI continues since the risk markup will be placed on their shoulder. However, the jobs generated by the industry are also significant. This is the reason why risk costing was not eliminated in the first place. Firms can still generate profits beyond what would they normally have in a public-funded project.

Costs in general may refer to the price that is paid in producing a good. There are two major kinds of costs (a) outlay costs and (b) opportunity costs. The outlay costs refer to the financial expenditures that are recorded in account books, such as wages, salaries, maintenance, repair, and others.

The origin of the international debt crisis of the 1980s in Latin America rooted in a shift from government borrowing to commercial borrowing. It is evident from the trend in the Latin American economies that a boom was followed by a slump or recession in the economy, adhering to the economic fact that neither recessions nor booms are long-lasting.

Another interesting political development to have had a bearing on the Russian energy industry is the stand-off between Russia and Ukraine that posed a serious threat to gas supplies to Western Europe. On top of that, it also raised doubts regarding the future security of these supplies. This conflict between the two neighbors is a crucial challenge to the Russian administration. 

The modern medical markets have developed in such a way that any economical change will almost certainly affect the middle and lower class population in a negative way. The increased availability of more effective medical care programs has changed expectations about what physicians could do and highly increased the demand for medical services.

The UK government adopted the model of activating older people back into the labour market as a way of balancing the supply and demand for labour. (Daguerre & Taylor-Gooby, 2004; Gidden, 1998)  For this reason, the Labour government in the UK is determined to convince the local citizens of more than 65 years of age to remain the paid work.

 One of the principal advantages of free trade to any economy is the comparative advantage available to the parties involved. As a result of free trade, the comparative advantage is available to the countries, regions, or individuals when they have the different opportunity cost of production existing in their trade settings. 

The growing researches on the strategy formulation suggest that the products and resources can be considered as two sides of the same coin therefore the competition should not be judged by the similarities of the products but of the resources too. The new strategy formulation research thus suggests two perspectives on the strategy formulation.  

An example of a country that has made good use of human capital development in India, with its Services sector growth, has ensured that its overall growth rates remain high. Although the overall social indices are somewhat poor, the availability of skilled resources has benefited the services sectors like the Software.

Availability of variety in quality rises under imperfect markets and these do have positive effects on consumers' welfare. Most importantly, it is only through positive profit-making opportunities on offer under imperfect competition through technological advancements that arguably motivate the bulk of the innovations.

Increase in job opportunities has not done any good for its human resources in term of remuneration. Many automakers like General Motors, Volkswagen, and DaimelChrysler showed signs of reducing labour costs. Eichengreen states Germany is losing its manufacturing prowess because the expensive labour cannot compete with skilled cheap labour. 

It is rational to have revalued companies upwards by 50 per cent from those frozen post-Lehman days as the world recognized that they were not going out of business, and it is rational to expect further upgrading of equity valuations. We are living in a rational bubble. Beware, then, of writing it off.

Growth in the foods retail industry based on high consumer demand might allow retailers to raise prices on many of its products simply to ensure even more profitability. At the personal consumer level, however, rising prices in many areas of consumer products, such as foods retail, can cause them to have the less disposable income to spend in other industries.

Supporters of economic growth counter this argument by saying that economic growth leads people to care more about the environment. Once an economy develops, it fulfills its economic needs, and then it has more time to focus on the environment and other aspects of society. Economic growth is the only way, by which people can be trained to protect and improve environmental conditions. Therefore, these people see merits in economic growth.

The Principle of Revealed Preference is a methodological model which follows the standard economic approach, whereby pragmatic alternatives are expended only to disclose the mental preferences of the individual over the set of objects as sensed by the modeler. When economists enlighten a person's activity, they assign to preferences.

Income tax in the UK seems to be a good tax in all aspects except one; it is not adjustable by the government based on inflation. VAT also has most of the characteristics mentioned by Adam Smith and other economists, but there are loopholes in collecting this tax because of the duplicate invoices provided by the sellers to the customers.

It is strange and surprising how pricing differs in some trades, defying the economic theories. Such a puzzle came across me as well while talking to and working closely with a relative involved in exporting business. If you ask a layman what the price of one commodity, imported to the USA from China, would be, and most probably the answer which you will get is the prices in dollars multiplied by the exchange rate.

In the Kuznets hypothesis, income inequality worsens at first before they eventually improve following a U curve in a graph in which the vertical or y-axis pertains to the equality scale and the horizontal or x-axis pertains to time. In this graph, the Kuznets curve is a U curve because equality worsens or decreases before it eventually rises.

This paper will show examples of how some country's economies been damaged and overcoming the problem. The truth is that the global credit crisis of 2008 was the worst that the world had observed since the Great Depression nearly 80 years earlier. Unemployment went sky high and growth receded from sight.

Unchecked exploitation of these finite resources is an off-shoot of the need to engender wealth and leads to imbalances in the ecosystem. Conversion of these natural resources into manufactured consumer goods often uses technology which causes pollution and global warming. In this context, economists tend to ignore the environmental problems which accompany economic growth.

The National Resource Defence Council (2009) states that even if America was to start drilling its oil reserves in the OCS protected areas and the arctic refuge, reliance on these reserves alone will not last the nation until 2018. The human population is also increasing at a far higher rate than the renewal of crude oil.

Economic sanctions, since the end of the Soviet Union and the Cold War, have become the weapon of choice by the major world powers, especially the US, to impose their will on less-developed nations as well as retaining their global hegemony. These sanctions' effectiveness, especially in the modern world is highly questionable. 

The paper "Supply and Demand" is an outstanding example of a macro & microeconomics essay. Supply and demand concepts are fundamental in economics. Microeconomics explains the basic models of supply and demand. In this study, one gains the terminologies used in economics. Markets consist of firms or individuals that are ready to supply a product and consumers that are ready to purchase the product.

The paper "Microeconomics and Various Model of Market Structure" is a good example of an essay on macro and microeconomics. Microeconomics is an important subject that helps people to run businesses and home activities in an efficient and orderly way. Understanding microeconomic help economist to address the economic problem of scarcity and allocation of resources.

Another most common issue that has emerged in relation to the organization of manufacturing strategies is the essence of research and innovation; this is an incidence that has been witnessed by almost all global manufacturing companies. Experts have asserted that it has been influenced by competition among these countries, thus creating a need for new modes of operations in order to improve the competitive advantages of these companies.