The Relationship between Globalization and Unemployment - Annotated Bibliography Example

Running Header: Research Planning Assignment-Globalization Student’s Name: Instructor’s Name: Course Code & Name: Date of Submission: Research Topic The Relationship between globalization and unemployment According to Ukpere and Slabbert (2009, p. 38), there has been an increase in the number of people who are unemployment and this might have occurred due to automation or due to movement of business in other regions in order to take advantage of favorable business climate, government policies, cheap labor, lax environmental laws and tax holidays. Additionally, many companies have decided to lay off a large number of their employees so as to reduce their cost and increase their competitiveness globally. Furthermore, global logic of competitiveness has influenced organizations to outsource their employees and to downsize their operations thereby causing unemployment (Banerjee & Nag 2011, p. 592). Moreover, top managers have been lured to promote unemployment and under-employment in many global organizations in order to be rewarded for saving cost. Search of Library Catalogues 1. Wagner, H 2010, Globalization and Unemployment, Springer, New York. This book explains in depth the effects of globalization on unemployment. It begins by providing both empirical and theoretical trends in unemployment associated with globalization. It goes ahead and discusses in detail the effects of European integration on unemployment. 2. Robertson, R 2009, Globalization, wages and the Quality of Jobs: Five Country Studies, The World Bank, Washington. Robertson provides a comprehensive review of the literature behind globalization. He has done this by discussing the implications of globalization on employment and labor standards. In addition, he has tried to create a link between globalization and employment as well as the relationship between globalization and labor market. 3. Welfens, P 2009, Globalization of the Economy, Unemployment, and Innovation: Structural Change, Schumpetrian Adjustment, and New Policy Challenges, Springer, Berlin. This book provides an exhaustive discussion in relation to the relationship between globalization and unemployment. It provides a clear explanation regarding the role that globalization has played in instigating the high unemployment levels currently experienced in the world. 4. Munck, R 2010, Globalization and labor: The New Great Transformation, St Martin’s Press, London. This book offers a broad discussion regarding the impact of globalization on unemployment. Additionally, it provides statistical figures relating to unemployment with increase in globalization. Furthermore, this book provides an explanation concerning how globalization has triggered unemployment. Electronic Databases 1. Ukpere, W & Slabbert, D 2009, ‘A Relationship Between Current Globalization, Unemployment, Inequality and poverty’, International Journal of Social Economics, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 37-46. There is an escalation in unemployment at the bottom level and this can be owed to the current policy of world-wide cost reductions and the trend towards transferring some business and production facilities abroad (Ukpere & Slabbert 2009, p. 39). Additionally, globalization has provided an opportunity for labor exploitation thereby making individuals to occupy jobs for which they are over-qualified. 2. Banerjee, R & Nag, R 2011, ‘Globalization, labor market Segmentation, Unemployment and Wage Inequality: A Theoretical Analysis’, Journal of Economic integration, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 578-599. According to Banerjee and Nag (2011, p. 578) globalization has led to increased efficiency in terms of technology and this has in turn led to an increase in unemployment of skilled labor. Moreover, globalization has led to a decline in the strength of labor union and this has influenced companies to retrench their employees thus creating unemployment. 3. Hoffman, M 2010, ‘Job Losses and Perceptions of Globalization’, Journal of World Trade, vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 966- 983. Globalization has influenced multinational corporations to outsource their employees and this has led to a massive increase in the rate of unemployment in areas where they are located (Hoffman 2010, p. 971). Additionally, globalization has increased labor mobility and this has in turn increased the competition for jobs thereby leading to mass unemployment. 4. Lee, C, Wu, C & Li, Y 2010, ‘Globalization, Wage Inequality and Unemployment’, Journal of Economics and Management, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1-15. Globalization has enabled large companies to relocate part of their supply chains. This has affected the prices of goods, job patterns and wages almost everywhere in the world (Lee, Wu & Li 2010, p. 3). Furthermore, globalization has made many multinational firms to retrench some of their employees so as to be able to reduce their costs and add value to their products hence become more competitive. Items Published on the internet 1. Spence, M 2011, Globalization and Unemployment: The Downside of integrating Markets, United States Foreign Affairs, viewed 8 March 2013, < http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67874/michael-spence/globalization-and-unemployment>. This article can be considered to be reliable and credible because it was published in the United States Government foreign affairs department. Furthermore, the article was published in 2011 hence it can be considered to be up to date. Finally, the author has clearly explained the issue at hand by using both statistical and theoretical techniques. 2. Adams, J 2010, The Links between Globalization and Unemployment, Helium, Viewed 8 March 2013, < http://www.helium.com/items/1839063-effects-of-globalization-on-employment>. This article was published by Helium which is an online writing and publishing company. The company researches and publishes articles on various topics hence this article can be considered to be credible. Additionally, the article is up to date and it is well organized with clear explanations. 3. Barrio, R 2012, Globalization and unemployment, European commission Development and cooperation, Viewed 8 march 2013, < http://capacity4dev.ec.europa.eu/rom/blog/globalization-and-unemployment >. This article can be considered to be credible because it was published on the European Commission Development and cooperation website. European Commission is a well-recognized organization in the world hence articles in its website can be regarded as reliable. Additionally, the article was published in 2012 and thus it is up to date. Finally, the article is well organized with clearly explained points. Progress so far- An Assessment The aim of the research paper will be to determine the relationship between globalization and unemployment. Is there any relationship between globalization and unemployment? Essay Plan Title ‘The Relationship between globalization and unemployment’ i. Introduction Globalization describes the new word economic system and explains ways and means through which business, events and concepts are structured around the world. It has promoted an effective and efficient eradication of national frontiers for economic tenacities. However, with globalization, the world has experienced an increase in unemployment thereby making the society to be disadvantaged. ii. Main Section body Globalization Definition of globalization. What globalization entail Unemployment Definition and meaning of unemployment Current trends in unemployment. Factors that determine the level of unemployment in the world e.g. the amount of wages, labor supply etc. The link between globalization and unemployment Globalization automation and unemployment. Globalization has led to automation of jobs and this has led to a decline in the number of available jobs thus creating unemployment Globalization and transfer of business sectors to areas perceived to have favorable operating conditions. With globalization businesses are currently moving to areas with cheap labor thereby creating unemployment in their home countries. Globalization and global competitiveness. With globalization many organizations are aiming to increase their competitiveness globally hence they have resulted at retrenching some of their employees so as to reduce their operating cost. This has in turn led to unemployment. Globalization and outsourcing. Globalization has provided many organizations with an opportunity to outsource their employees with an aim of increasing their competitiveness. However, this has created unemployment in the locations where these organizations are located. Globalization and labor mobility. Globalization has made it easy for individuals to move in different areas in search for employment. This has in turn led to an increase in the number of laborers as well as competition for jobs. Globalization has created an opportunity for labor exploitation. With globalization, many skilled workers have begun to occupy jobs for which they are over-qualified due to the large pool of unemployed labor. This has in turn made those qualified to undertake those jobs to remain unemployed. Globalization and production. With globalization, many organizations have been able to produce low cost products by locating themselves in areas with low operating costs. This has in turn triggered an increase in competition making some industries to collapse thereby creating unemployment iii. Conclusion Summary of how globalization has created unemployment. References Adams, J 2010, The Links between Globalization and Unemployment, Helium, Viewed 8 March 2013, < http://www.helium.com/items/1839063-effects-of-globalization-on-employment>. Banerjee, R & Nag, R 2011, ‘Globalization, labor market Segmentation, Unemployment and Wage Inequality: A Theoretical Analysis’, Journal of Economic integration, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 578-599. Barrio, R 2012, Globalization and unemployment, European commission Development and cooperation, Viewed 8 march 2013, < http://capacity4dev.ec.europa.eu/rom/blog/globalization-and-unemployment >. Hoffman, M 2010, ‘Job Losses and Perceptions of Globalization’, Journal of World Trade, vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 966- 983. Lee, C, Wu, C & Li, Y 2010, ‘Globalization, Wage Inequality and Unemployment’, Journal of Economics and Management, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1-15. Munck, R 2010, Globalization and labor: The New Great Transformation, St Martin’s Press, London. Robertson, R 2009, Globalization, wages and the Quality of Jobs: Five Country Studies, The World Bank, Washington. Spence, M 2011, Globalization and Unemployment: The Downside of integrating Markets, United States Foreign Affairs, viewed 8 March 2013, < http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67874/michael-spence/globalization-and-unemployment Ukpere, W & Slabbert, D 2009, ‘A Relationship Between Current Globalization, Unemployment, Inequality and poverty’, International Journal of Social Economics, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 37-46. Wagner, H 2010, Globalization and Unemployment, Springer, New York. Welfens, P 2009, Globalization of the Economy, Unemployment, and Innovation: Structural Change, Schumpetrian Adjustment, and New Policy Challenges, Springer, Berlin. Read More