Macro & Microeconomics Essays

The paper "International Monetary Economics" is a great example of a report on macro and microeconomics. Economics is a subsidiary of economics that offers a platform for evaluating money and its roles as a medium of exchange, division of account, and store of value over the international boundaries through international trade.

The gradual deindustrialization over the past 4 decades in the UK could be attributed to various causes.  This decline in the manufacturing sector could be credited to many factors viz. the growth of the service industry, changing patterns of domestic demand, availability of resources, international competition, and globalization.

The instruments mostly used for the measurement of the interest rate risk are the maturity gap, simulation modeling, duration, and modified duration as well as value at risk. Maturity gap analysis is the most straightforward technique in analyzing and calculating IRR exposure. The maturity gap is used to measure the direction and extent of the asset-liability deviation.

This helps consumers to have improved services at economical prices. More active players in a given sector bring novelty to the services developing more choices for the consumers. This helps become the economy more competitive and consumer friendly. The glaring example is the low-cost airlines operated in Europe after the European Commission opened up the airline industry to competition.

The paper "Smoking Reduction" is a perfect example of a report on macro and microeconomics. The entire families suffer from this deadly habit - hospitals on the territory of the UK see the results of secondary smoking through children’s diseases, the number of which is over 10,000 a year. Nowadays the United Kingdom is the home for 8 million smokers (Sloman, Alison, and Garratt, 2012).

Hence, the next question is: “Why would investors of US stocks in Sydney, Australia get affected by the increase of interest rate in the US?”  The phenomenon may be explained by the fact that the higher interest being decided by the Federal Reserve would attract investors from said stock to sell their stock and instead buy treasury bills or bonds that may be floated by the Federal Reserve. 

Physical Movement Company needed to expand its horizons into other markets and decided to target Switzerland, Japan, and the United Kingdom as its target markets to introduce its mobility products. Introducing the products is the first step towards becoming global. The company must closely monitor the progress of the sale in these regions and patience is required to achieve the long-term goals.

The latest data show house price inflation running at 9.5% annually, but the rate is starting to slow. Most believe that the Bank of England is unlikely to raise rates further anytime soon, the cost of servicing mortgages is expected to climb. That’s because the crisis in the financial markets has raised the cost of borrowing for lenders. 

A lot of events – such as the discovery of a new product that becomes popular with the consumers, a marketing program that fails, corporate fraud, and many others – are unique to a particular company and does not partake of the macro factors that affect the economy as a whole, factors that move the general market as represented by the market index.

Fair Trade Coffee sells in the open at double the price per pound and the companies involved in this revolution invest a lot of their money in the local farms to improve the pay and working conditions of the farmers and workers in the industry. The move could solidity the country's agricultural base and increase employment.

So policies supporting the agricultural laborers in different forms contribute favorably to poverty reduction. While the long-term aim should be to reduce expenditure on the farm sector, in the short-term, given the concentration of its people, one cannot ignore it. The long-term plan should be to rapidly shift to the non-farm sector and look for growth in labor-intensive manufacturing.

If this is so, the situation boils down to whether pricing should be based on full cost, marginal cost, or some method to benefit the government agency and the firm supplying the good.Hyman (1993) argues that substitute goods are differentiated by design, wrapping, or other such features in the most competitive market. The market has many sellers, with the individual seller forced to sell at “near equal” prices.

The major factor that triggered change when the trade happened was the transfer of technology to another society, which proved to be useful to the lives of its people. As technological transfer was only permitted when different cultures trade with each other, the trading countries experienced a change that would not have occurred if new concepts and ideas had not arrived in their land through trade.

Since to understand the notion of a Pigouvian tax it is imperative to perceive the notion of economic externalities, the essay shall start by introducing the concept of an economic externality and what problems it leads to. It shall thereon move on to discuss what exactly is meant by a Pigouvian tax and how that can solve the urgent problems.

The TARP Program became the government’s fiscal response to the crisis created as a result of the crash of Lehman Brothers and the government bailout of AIG. The initial TARP programs which were aimed at shoring up the capital base of financial institutions had a positive impact on the market.

The mainland government has indicated that if financial institutions located in Hong Kong are unable to provide the financial services that China needs to sustain its economic growth and to support its new middle-class population, then the country will have to proceed to develop its own financial services sector.

This century is characterized by the advent of globalization which has dissolved geographical boundaries. Organizations are moving across borders to capture markets in an attempt to expand their business beyond borders. Foreign Direct Investment is one of the most popular modes of expansion being used by organizations to establish their foothold in different markets across the globe.

In the article “Banana price up on short supplies, shortage in supply of banana by about 30%, due to heat and bad rainfall, causes the price of banana to increase. The price increased to Rs.40 a dozen. As the price of bananas increases, the demand for bananas would decrease and gradually the market equilibrium could be achieved.

The   DRAM is short for dynamic random-access memory, a type of random-access memory in semiconductor chip form. It is a type of RAM that retains its data only if it is continuously accessed by a refresher circuit, in the absence of which it loses its contents.

With a diversified and expanding economy, UAE has experienced economic expansion and become the second-largest economy in the Middle East. The economy of the UAE has been affected just like other economies by the global economic crisis (Devlin 76). Expansion and growth of the various sectors are supported by the increasing population size.

France has a total population of 64,768,389.52 with 62,814,233 in metropolitan as per the 2010 estimate. The population can be structured in an age where 18.6% consists of 14 years and below, 65% consists of the age between 15 and 64 years and 16.4% consists of the age of 65 years and above.

The perfect harmonious dealings between the government and commerce accompanied by a consistent, superb economic policy, made Japan’s GDP an unbeatable one in the whole world (Izubachi, 2005).  Both Japanese, as well as Western think-tanks, have described Japanese as ‘unique’, a homogenous culture, endowed with such economic practices and structure of governance.

Monopoly leads to the loss of consumer surplus. Consumer surplus is the difference between the price consumers are willing to pay and the price they actually pay. The monopoly price is higher than the price under perfect competition. The monopoly output is lower than the output offered in the perfect competition market.

In order to manage translation exposure, managers can perform balance sheet hedging. Since this exposure occurs from discrepancies in net assets and liabilities in a balance sheet, a firm can obtain a proper amount of exposure to balance off the difference. Foreign exchange derivatives can also assist in hedging translation exposure (Bodnar & Marston, 2001).

The changes in contemporary views on industrialization reside much on the production aspect and organizational approaches. One may say that traditional industrial development models no longer apply in modern times in the sense that it operated in an entirely different environment with entirely different variables.

The Brunei Economic Development Board was established in November 2001 by the government to oversee the implementation of policies to establish sustainable economic growth and development in the country. The BDEC has as its main objective, the attraction of foreign investment into Brunei to undertake projects in different areas of the economy. 

In the Post Industrial Revolution era, the economies of many countries have experienced tremendous growth, which has resulted in the shape of economic strength and high living standards in the countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and Europe. Despite the tremendous progress the economies of these countries also face periodical economic shocks.

There is no unique research method and each method has its own difficulties. The categories listed for research may not be comprehensive or may require further sub-categories. Besides, it is difficult to predict how many participants would be willing to respond in the first place, and then how many would register true opinions.

The main independent variable for the study will be education achievement while the dependant variable will be the overall returns in terms of economic development. The samples for the study will be developing countries from which it will select a sample of 40 countries for the study which will be selected using random selection. 

General Motors Corporation (GM), a multinational corporation, functions as a conglomerate manufacturing and selling, cars and trucks under the brands of Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GM Daewoo, GMC, Holden, Hummer, Opel, Pontiac, Saab, Saturn, and Vauxhall. Each of these brands has a number of cars and trucks under its division or arm.

The multiplier for consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports is equivalent to 1/(1-b), where b is the marginal propensity to consume. Because the marginal propensity to the consumer is 0.80, the marginal propensity to save is 1-0.8 or 0.2. By dividing 1 by 0.2, we get 5 which is the multiplier for the whole model.

The quantity demanded would be 25 units which would be equal to the quantity supplied assuming that buyers with a reservation price of 25 units make the purchase and the sellers with a reservation price of 25 units sell (and also assuming that each demand or supplies a single unit).

American homeowners enjoyed some of the most significant home equity valuation increments they had experienced in their lifetime during the late 1990s into the 21st century. During the ten years starting in 1996 and ending in 2006, the rise in house prices significantly exceeded the consumer price index, which measures price inflation of general goods.

The international players working in such zones are more exploitative and tend to exploit not only the employees of the suppliers working for them in such zones but also devoid customers of availing high-quality goods at the lowest cost. The increased incidences suggest that consumers are basically thriving at the cost of countless employees and consumers in a developing world.

The weak performance of the housing market begun to trickle into the labor market because of speculations that saddled the fate of the banking and financial institutions; part of the reasons included the high possibility of major investment banks such as Bear Stearns and a host of others filling for bankruptcy 

Majority of the economists support a low steady rate of inflation (Hummel, Jeffrey Rogers. "Death and Taxes, Including Inflation: the Public versus Economists, Econ Journal Watch, Volume 4, Number 1, January 2007, pp 46-5). Low when opposed to zero or negative inflation may decrease the cruelty of economic recessions.

Entrepreneurship is seen by many economists as a key component on society’s technological progress thus bringing economic growth. Joseph Schumpeter in his book “capitalism, socialism and democracy” (1942) defined an entrepreneur as person who is able and willing to change an invention into productive innovation 

A role is being accepted in the executive branch that has not been a part of the Presidencies before this time. The President and his advisors are taking active roles in presenting businesses with instructions on how to operate and conduct their dealings in order to try and preserve those companies and thus preserve jobs.

This paper tells that often in a temperate recession, the beginning quarter of adverse growth is succeeded by an insignificant positive growth. From then onwards adverse growth comes back and the recession cycle resumes. ‘Two-quarter’ concept is universally accepted but then again many economists believe that it does not take into account the change in other economic variables.

In new, international markets, a company must first establish brand recognition, which is the process of building initial awareness about a product brand (Kurtz, 2006). In order to build this awareness, many product brands that are first entering a new, international marketplace rely on promotion and heavy advertising in order to build this awareness.

The forces of demand and supply are important in determining the price of a commodity in the market. When equilibrium is reached, the producers offer the same quantity that is needed by the consumers, which is significant in ensuring that the market operates without a shortage or surplus of commodities.

The city is divided into six main areas: the Sea Port, Industrial Zone, Central Business District, Educational Zone, Resort District, and Residential Communities, and covers a massive area of 168 million m2. Upon completion in its expected 20 years, it will be as big as Washington DC and hold a population of over 1.4 million people.

Poor skills and lack of technical education are other important factors that are responsible for the decline in the manufacturing industry of the UK. Proper business operations demand efficient management skills. The UK manufacturing industry has been facing an acute shortage of proper management practices. 

To conclude, South Africa faces a very severe water shortage problem. The ever-increasing demand for water has not only increased the imbalance of the demand and supply of water resources but has also affected the efficiency of water thereby reducing its quality. The South African government has been very keen to deal with the problem.

Modern Greek has its roots founded on the various ancient ages and periods that occupied a wide expanse of time. Until the beginning of the 19th century, the Ottomans established themselves as rulers of Greek according to Murray and Winnifrith. The Greeks, on 25th of March, 1821 rebelled against the Ottomans rule declaring their independence.  

Flexible Subprime and high-risk mortgages were the fundamental causes of the credit crunch that started from US banks and gradually affected industries worldwide. Islamic banks, as evident from the current situations and as claimed by its scholars, remained less affected, or partially affected by the financial crisis primarily due to its principles.

For numerous reasons, Asia financial crisis is of interest to the U.S. government. Firstly, efforts to solve the problems of the crisis are initiated by the IMF with collaboration from the World Bank and Asian Development Bank and the promises of standby credit from the Exchange Stabilization Fund of the United States  

American style exercise can apply the model since the basic assumption of a European setting holds. This is due to the fact that the American system calculates options value at the end of the life of the option. Modifications can, however, be effected to incorporate the American system, for instance, the Fischer Black Pseudo-American method 

The author states that in the context of economics, scarcity indicates that there is an absence of unlimited resources. The three basic factors of economics are scarce in nature and thus they initiate the necessity of taking up a research approach to the factors that influence the problem in the economies.

Broadway shows being creative and vibrant theatrical performance not only entertain thousands of people but also add colors to the economic scenario of the big apple. Broadway shows are a favorite of the New Yorkers at all time and the money collection from this entertainment section is a big boost for the New York economy.