Law Essays

In the economic theory of crime--starting with Becker (1968, p169-217) and developed by Ehrlich (1973, p521-565) and others--individuals allocate time between market and criminal activity by comparing the expected return from each, and taking account of the likelihood and severity of punishment. When deprivation is based on characteristics, such as race, these sentiments can be highly pronounced and can find expression in the form of violence. 

Therefore this research shows why it is important to have specific laws to protect against an intrusion into privacy by instating Tort laws that show a breach of confidentiality is the same as an intrusion on privacy and therefore can be penalized in the court system.

European countries such as the UK, France, Germany, and Italy are ensamples of countries seeking to modernize their way of living and economy. Some may even admit that Europe's most advanced nations' chronological history became the pedagogue of the United States' governmental structure and contributed to the framework of their constitution.

An inventor has the right to be rewarded for his hard work. But his work must not completely deprive other people of something that could improve or even save their lives. A person who invents a cure for cancer or AIDS cannot be allowed to run away with his patent in isolation and refuse to grant licenses to other producers.

From the above discussion, if it can be concluded that the new Act is only concerned with the half part of the privity rule, the rule that a third party cannot be sued is left intact. The act only dials with the right to sue the 3rd party 16. But, the second rule has not been abolished. The rule and its, exceptions all remain.

Famous movie maker Moore has made a documentary Fahrenheit 9/11 capturing comments and alleged farce in the passage of this act.It gives level playing field to the investigating authorities with those of the law breakers / terrorists.

The author states that Bennett is charged with defrauding investors of Refco Inc., a financial trading company to a tune of around 550 million Dollars by concealing the information that an “INVESTOR” is due to the company. In this case, the unnamed investor is Bennett himself. Bennett takes the company’s money on the roller coaster.

The author states that the first capital punishment law was the lex talons of the God of Hamurabi. Later, in the seventh century BC, the Draconian Code of Athens prescribed death as a punishment for all crimes. Finally, the Roman law of twelve tablets codified it in the fifth century BC. The usefulness of capital punishment was questioned.

Supremacy of Parliament is the principle of the 'Good Tsar', even though an elected Tsar. Supremacy of Parliament asks to evaluate the system by its performance rather than by its structure. The doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty, or parliamentary supremacy, is mainly associated with A.

According to the statistics provided by the MENTOR/ National Mentoring Partnership, currently, 3 million youth in the USA participate in formal, structured monitoring programs (MENTOR/National Mentoring Partnership, 2003), provided by not-for-profit organizations, corporations, and legislative initiatives at state and nation level.

Justine was a 41-year old female expecting her second child, she was 38 weeks pregnant and had been admitted for elective cesarean section due to inter-uterine growth retardation. In the hospital, she was accompanied by her brother, Mark who appeared very supportive of Justine and was visibly worried about her and the baby. 

Punishment is something that should never be limited in power within the structure of the legal system because without it there would be a pertinent piece of the justice system gone forever.  The fear is that crime would become overwhelming, and for that one reason, the theory of punishment remains a legal process.  

Giving an example of this, a salesman may lie about his age or place of birth but deliberately misrepresent the product will be a fraudulent act.Fraud in NHS is a type of crime which is a non-violent and entirely paper-based activity, in which fraud tends towards invisibility and there may not be any immediately apparent victim.

In regard to the case of Melinda, there is a breach of human rights according to the privy law. This is due to the posting of photos to the public as well as the demeaning of Baking! Magazine by foregoing its initial plan of posting the photos which were decent, under the privy law, for there to be a breach, the information should have the right quality of confidence where the question, which is underlying, is under disclosure to the public.

In Truth v. Kent School District, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held that Washington's Kentridge High School did not violate the First Amendment rights of Truth, a Christian student group, by repeatedly denying the group's applications for official recognition. The school denied Truth's application because the group asked all voting members.

The respective branches of the legal profession in the UK have a long and relevant historical background. After England came under the reign of the Normans in 1066, it also ushered into this realm the concept of an exclusively legal profession (Encyclopaedia Britannica). In the earlier days, the judges for the courts in the UK came with an ecclesiastical background. 

The millennium witnessed an increase in concern about youth and crime. In part, this was due to a nervous public response to increased urban and industrial development that weakened the traditional sources of social control by the family and the local community. It also reflected a growing recognition of youth as a specific stage of the life course that was especially susceptible to deviance.

The convention for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea or the Rotterdam Rules are a much awaited necessary step to incorporate the international shipping law into the modern period. The Rotterdam Rules will replace the COGSA Law adopted in the United States and the Hague-Visby Law.

The interest in the nomination of Sonia Sotomayor to the Supreme Court by President Barrack Obama garnered more than its share of scrutiny. However, there are some opinion that the hesitation stems from Sotomayor's gender and race being a Latina.

With the passing of time, the certain shortfalls may come to light. Dissatisfactions can arise because a piece of certain information was not disclosed by the previous owner deliberately or unintentionally. Hence, it is necessary to acquaint oneself with every detail about the property about to be purchased.  

Generally, a firm named ‘Dodgy Developers” took up an urgently scheduled hall refurbishment work targeting a completion date of 1st December. Considering the urgency, they requested ‘Office Supplies’, their usual supplier, over the phone, for supplying the required workstations on or by 28th November.

The government’s preference at the moment seems to be PPIs (public-private initiatives). This entails the government using private companies and private finance to carry out the work (e.g. building a school or hospital) and maintaining it for a set period οf time. Some say that this is gaining good value for public money.

“A hairdresser treated the plaintiff's hair with a dye, and as a result, the plaintiff contracted dermatitis. The dye came to the hairdresser in labeled bottles together with instructions. Both the labels and the brochure warned that the dye might be dangerous to certain skins, and recommended a test before it was used”. 

The author states that the law of diminishing marginal productivity states that a firm uses more of a variable input such as human resources, with a given quantity of other inputs such as space, the marginal product of the additional output as a direct result of the additional variable input will eventually diminish.

Drugs and crime combined can lead to a double negative impact for those who are subjected to it. In terms of combating such problems, most turn to the act of legislation formation in the hopes of finding some potential solution to this problem. Over the years hundreds of pieces of legislation have been passed to deal with crime in all forms.

A dissenting opinion was written by Justice Rehnquist. He was troubled by the underlying facts of the case. He felt that Roe had not demonstrated legal standing, because there was no evidence of the stage of her pregnancy when she initially filed the complaint, and because he did not interpret the constitution as possessing a privacy right in these circumstances. 

For the proposed change the AASB has taken the 'International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) for SME Project' proposed by the International Accounting Standard Board (IASB) as the base model. The AASB has made an Invitation To Comment (ITC) 12 for the proposed changes it would like to bring in the 'Differential Reporting Regime for Australia and IASB Exposure Draft of A Proposed IFRS for Small and Medium-sized Entities'.

Judicial review allows the courts to circumscribe ultra vires activities by public bodies. A public body is one which exercises a power or performs a duty which involves "a public element"1. In order to apply for judicial review the claimant must show that s/he has a 'sufficient interest' in the matter to which the application relates: Supreme Court Act 1981, s.31(3).In order to establish that the Minister has acted ultra vires in denying him compensation William will have to establish bad faith, dishonesty, unreasonableness, attention given to extraneous circumstances, and/or disregard of public policy or some such thing on the part of the Ministry2.

The author states that the public welfare policy decisions that the UK government took across the partisan divide demonstrate this over the period since the Industrial Revolution, till the end of consensus in the 1980s. The Industrial Revolution created a new set of policy problems concerning welfare.

The author states that according to statute 12 VAC 5-410-70 of the State of Virginia’s Regulations for the Licensure of Hospitals in Virginia, accompanying the application must be a complete record of the total bed capacity, approval from the State Fire Marshal, a copy of the occupancy permit, and a Certificate of Public Need approval.

Mr. Bright seeking to avoid inheritance tax payable by his sons, engaged solicitors who in turn referred to counsel for proper advice. The opinion of the counsel was however erroneous having overlooked a change of law. As a result of the counsel’s advice, Bright did not make any arrangement after his death.

Liam, therefore, has legal and equitable interests in the property as joint owner. He is entitled to whatever proportionately belongs to him, as may be proven by the amount he gave to Nina as his contributions to the payment of the mortgage on the house. Jonathan has the same right in equity differing only in the amount or proportion of share.

The author states that the petitioners relied upon three valuation methodologies and argued that their shares ought to have been valued at $193.40 per share; the corporation, respondent, countered with a figure of $64 per share based upon two valuation methodologies. A resolution of this valuation dispute is at the heart of this case.

Criminal Law or Penal Law, shall we say, is made up of a set of systematic ideas and processes which are most always theorized to come up with a logical conclusion as to how the investigating incident occurred and whether it can be considered criminal or civil law. First, a criminally implied act or intent must be proven to be dignified as a crime.

In the modern American legal system, the difference between law and equity has been narrowed down to exist as one coherent system that ensures total justice. But the substantive merits of both have been recognized even in the merges general jurisdiction. The temporary restraining orders issued by the American courts are a case in point. 

The author of the paper states that the cost of gun control has continued to soar. In 1995, the estimates for the cost of the Canadian Firearms Program was $119 million, while actual registration fees would bring in $117 million, leaving the total cost of $2 million to be borne by the taxpayers.

The repaid industrialization in developing countries increased the global temperature levels. The developing countries driving their economic growth have added to the pollution contributing to global warming. To mark the level of global warming around the world the UN has initiated a global forum in 1941 to estimate the influence and the issues related to global warming.

The author states that while the Starbucks publicity machine has sought the propagation of an image as a friendly employee.  When considering Starbucks’ wages, working hours and treatment of coffee growers, images of an ethical company and employee are replaced with ones of an unethical and exploitative company and employee.

With the facts of the case given in the above cited case of Amy and Brian with regard to their purchased house in the name of Brian, hereto are the grounds for the claim of Amy in the aforesaid property to wit: Based on the decided case Lloyds Bank plc v Rosset1 of the House of Lords which re-affirmed the essential elements of the establishment of a constructive trust it stated that, "(1) That the parties must share a common intention to share the ownership of the land concerned which may be either expressed or implied from the conduct of the parties; (2) That the party claiming beneficial intention by way of a constructive trust must show proof that she significantly altered her position

The professional photographer has a claim against Anna for damage to property he suffered resulting from Anna's failure to observe the duty of care required of her. The professional photographer's claims against Anna will be discussed together with Brian's claims for personal injury and damage to property by reason of Anna's negligent driving.

It should be made clear that while the arguments of activists and liberal touch the very soul of every human being, facts should still be the foremost basis of judicial decisions. As crime continues to permeate society, it becomes the moral and just obligation of government to adopt death penalty as a punishment for heinous crimes because the government has the primary obligation to protect its citizens in the best possible ways known to it.

By 13th century, attendance included representatives of counties, cities and boroughs. With time two distinct houses emerged. One, the lower house, was composed of shire and borough representatives which was called the House of Commons: the other, made up of religious leaders (Lords Spiritual) and magnates (Lord Temporal), became known as the upper house, called the House of Lords.

The researcher states that freedom of expression is the subject of well-publicized debates in today’s politically charged scenario. The term is likely to undergo various changes in meaning and possibly go the way that other terms like “politically correct” have done over the years, from a courageous statement to overdone zeal.

To ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, that the article is so designed and constructed as to be safe and without risks to health when properly used. To carry out or arrange for the carrying out of such testing and examination as may be necessary for the performance of the duty imposed on him by the preceding paragraph. 

The law of contract designate an objective standard of agreement with which both parties involved must comply. Blackburn J. is recognized as articulating this in the terms of how it's most commonly understood by law practitioners today in the case Smith v Hughes.

The problems presented in this scenario deal with the law and independent contractors of a particular organization. In order to determine whether or not the individuals in this scenario are properly classified in their current state of employment, it is first necessary to look at what an independent contractor is (IRS, 2010).

This essay discusses the “challenge of balancing competing interests” in the context of Intellectual property Law. It is worth noting at the outset that things get complicated when the problem of IP infringement crosses borders and it is at this point that the international legal framework comes into play.

The author states that Habermas's ideal speech of community perfectly fits this participatory democracy model. Jurgen Habermas has it that there has to be a debate, then deliberations, and an agreement before finally taking an action that will affect a number of people. All members of the public have to be given a chance to take part.

The purpose of this paper is to give an example of a gentleman’s agreement, apply this concept to different types of people, and use specific examples and explanations to illustrate the point. For example, if an employee at a company says they will get you a job and you have nothing to worry about, this is an example of a gentleman's agreement.

The modern theory of punishment was developed by the analytical school of Anglo-American thought decades ago. In fact, punishment is the deprivation from the facilities of social organisation. The heart of the theory of punishment is the safer protection of people in the society.