Law Essays

The author pushed for new legislation which calumniated in the inclusion of special provisions in the federal violent crime control and law enforcement act of 1994 which required released sex offenders and those who commit crimes against children to register with the local police and notify the authorities of any change of address.

The author states that in organizational theory, a closed system is a system which attempts to keep its structure even when they do not fit the surrounding environment. Any firm for that matter is in danger of becoming a closed system when it closes itself to new information. An open system under organizational philosophy is flexible.

Bruce Broomhall, the author of under review book “International Justice And The International Criminal Court Between Sovereignty And The Rule Of Law”, instructs in Public International Law at Central European University in Budapest, Hungary. He is a Senior Legal Officer for International Justice in the company of the Open Society Institute.

Directly correlated to the internet business model is the EU-driven wave of legislative proposals geared towards consumer protection to address the challenges of the digital trading medium, which has directly impacted consumer law in England and Wales. The focus of this analysis is to critically evaluate the impact of European legislation on consumer law in England and Wales.  

Prevalent during the 1930s and ‘40s, the Traditional View of Conflict believed that all conflict is harmful and must be avoided. It's pointed out that from the late 1940s through the mid-70s, the Human Relations View of Conflict believed that conflict is a natural and inevitable outcome in any group.

Firstly, patients will be forced to buy it through the black- market. This could bring about a boom in the drug trafficking industry and to add insult to injury – most users would be buying it for government-sanctioned use! Secondly, patients, who choose not to rely on drug peddlers for supply, will have no choice but to grow them in homes.

If the security industry will be professionalized, it will be a better partner for the law enforcement agencies in its task of providing a safer place to live in. It will become a more effective aide of police organizations in the UK in the lower tiers of policing activities ‘which the police service has neglected because of the increase in its workload.

The adopted techniques to implement the right of self-determination can be in form of sovereignty referendum, armed struggle, and fragmentation. (Department of Political Affairs. The Question of Self-Determination: The Cases of East Timor, Tibet, and Western Sahara. North Atlantic Treaty Organization Report. 2003. pp.58) 

The personal injury claim of Rose Smith is valid.  There are several tort issues within this case.  “Torts…include all wrongs of commission to rights in tangible matter, wrongs to rights in the body, life, liberty and security, and wrongs to rights in tangible property, its possession and exclusive control.”[1]  

This shooting incident in campus shocked the entire world, and while the bereaved and distressed families are still trying to put their shattered lives in order, a lot of questions have emerged, chief among which are how a mentally disturbed and psychiatrically treated patient came into possession of guns and such large quantities of ammunition, to be able to murder and main by dozens. 

McMullan also acknowledged that corruption is far greater in some countries than in others, but it is entirely rare to find one country in which corruption can be described as virtually non-existent. Corruption in Africa has occupied academic debate particularly since the continent has suffered from political and economic malaise since colonization.

The war decade had been one of social disappointment and suppression of the labor force as the class system drove away from the poor from opportunities with blatant disregard for their rights.The capitalist system had failed the expectations of the suppressed, disadvantaged class as there was no one to support them and no welfare system.

These legal concepts have as their fundamental basis, the laws, and its application, in a judicial decision. This broad subject is narrowed down when it pertains to a specific field which in this case is business. Concentrating on this specific field of study, what is expected is the presentation of legal concepts embodied in the laws.

Nowadays people have strict views on punishments and majority believes that offenders should be charged the equal amount of what they have committed. The just desert theory is a practical concept that says that a punishment is needed to preserve the social equity disturbed by crime; however, the level of punishment should be fitting with the crime.

The main aim of the modern economy is to co-operate society. All most in every country of the world, the company plays a vital role in the performance of the business. For the maintenance of such types of performances necessary act is to be passed. The company act, 1985 and 2006 tries to fulfill that demand.

It is easier to say whether a man has paid the money or not than to tell if he has complied with other orders; and if he fails to pay, it is easy to get the money by selling his goods, if he has any. Common Law understands the concern and implies accordingly each decision. So, equity has simplified things to know by a lawyer and a common man.

Electoral system factors have been important in maintaining Australian party identification levels. The frequency of elections (at least every three years for federal elections, plus state elections with the same parties involved), combined with compulsory voting, which keeps parties attentive regarding the interest of the voters.

There are thus two changes to the legal framework of the cuckoo clock industry of Austria that have been affected recently. In the first instance, a new technical standard has been introduced in 2005 to maintain the high reputation of Austrian cuckoo clock manufacturing industry.

Together, these three processes form a unified sequence of events. Criminologists have adopted methods of study from varying social and behavioral sciences. Like other scientists, criminologists measure and assess crime over time and place. They also measure the characteristics of criminals, crimes, and victims using various methods.

Of course one of the problems inherent within a jury trial, which is also one of its virtues when looked at in a different way is the fact that their decision nearly always needs to be unanimous. Some degree of compromise of original decision and persuasion regarding the final verdict is an inevitable part of the process.

He was not presented with an evidence-based case (Thereby being found guilty against the rule of law), and the tribunal itself was exceptional in ‘crimes against humanity trials for allowing the death sentence. Iraqi law provides no punishment for crimes against humanity, so his death sentence was, again, against the rule of Iraqi Law.

Commenting on the aforementioned trend in an article entitled "The Abuse Excuse Is Detrimental to the Justice System, the renown defense attorney, and legal scholar, Alan Dershowitz argues that the problem is not so much that the justifications for murder are becoming increasingly ludicrous but that jurors and courts are accepting them.

Not all not-for-profit organizations are necessarily charities nor is it sufficient to be awarded the status of a charity purely because one operates one’s business for altruistic purposes.  In fact, there is no legal requirement that a charity that makes a profit will therefore lose its status.  This can often be confusing for the layperson who does not appreciate that the law has the concept of a ‘legal personality’.

Noise News notes that modern computerized meters, computational methods, and noise mapping can help resolve problems that 1970s technology could not resolve (Pollution, 1999, pars. 9-10) and new programs are being developed that will give both developers and authorities the ability to resolve noise problems. 

Wearing seat belts and/or helmets are reported to save lives but this in itself is of much controversy as will be discussed further.  Some would argue that along with the privilege to operate a vehicle, a responsibility to obey all rules set forth by lawmakers necessarily follows and that helmet and seat belt laws are not considered victimless. 

 “Disability is the loss or limitation of opportunities to take part in the normal life of the community on an equal level with others due to physical and social barriers” (Mittler and Mittler, 1994. p. 5). Since the 1960s disability has become an important issue for politicians the world over. The Chronically Sick and Disabled Person’s Act 1970 of the United Kingdom ensured better services for disabled persons.

 The Indian Supreme Court, in addressing the legal merits of the case, seemed rather displeased with the plaintiff.  As an initial matter, there was a complete lack of evidence regarding the infringement claim.  The plaintiffs, during cross-examination, admitted that they held no special knowledge and that their patent specifications constituted nothing new.

Judicial precedent can be defined as a system that provides principles for making decisions on cases with similar facts and issues. These decisions made by judges can be used for future judgment on similar cases. However such judgment can only be binding to future decisions if the case was based on facts and established law whereby later judgments are based on legal reasoning.

Likely then, because of this particular role that the laws withstand in the field of social balance protection matter, the reformation of such established philosophies that rule the society is usually subjected to long time debates and hard-to-deal-with issues that may or may not push the local government administrators into several questionings.

Criminal law distinguishes crimes from civil wrongs such as tort breach of contract. Criminal law has been seen as a system of regulating the behavior of individuals and groups regarding societal norms whereas civil law is aimed primarily at the relationship between private individuals and their rights and obligations under the law.

In early summer 1981 the United Kingdom and the world was rocked by allegations of child sexual abuse occurring in Cleveland. In the years leading up to 1987, the incidence of child sexual abuse for Cleveland was no greater than for other parts of the UK, but in January 1987 the numbers began to escalate rapidly.

There is hardly any society that is not beset with the problem of crimes. Categorically speaking, crime is an inevitable phenomenon as the issue is closely linked to the fundamental social disorganization of every society. Different groups in the society have different and often incompatible interests in the society which give rise to conflicts and eventually result in the incidence of crime.

Nowadays lawlessness is prevalent in every country. There isn't any place on earth where the government can declare that the occurrence of crime is rare. Indeed, blue and white collar crimes are displaying a rising curve on the graph everywhere. The reason is not confined to any one particular field or discipline.    

The author states that an invitation to treat comes in when something is displayed in a shop window or a catalog mentioning the prices of goods. Normally this is not an offer; hence it cannot coerce the shopkeeper to sell the items at the stated price. In this case, a contract is made when a prospective buyer accepts the price stated in the items.

Additionally, probation officers ensure that juveniles who are placed on probation abide by their probation rules, receive appropriate Court related services, are referred to other community services when necessary, and coordinate with schools, agencies, employment/training programs, and other services within the community". (2006a)

These changes have decreased the effectiveness of the juvenile courts as the social welfare institutions and converted the whole system into penal institution providing young individuals with neither therapy nor justice. The coalition for Juvenile Justice has reported in January that of the 300,000 to 600,000 juveniles who cycle through detention facilities after arrest awaiting legal action, half are under 16 years of age (Garfinkel 2004).

On the other hand, a contract may be defined as an agreement between two or more persons which is intended to create a legally binding obligation. In this case, there was a contract that was made between Igor and Jonquil since there was an offer that was made through advertisement by Igor that was accepted by Jonquil through the post.

Under many conditions, answers to the questions are unknown to the government itself. Some of the questions posed might not be answerable with the data that is available in the government and they might not be in a position to collect the information as well. Both the cost and the task might be prohibiting such an exercise. 

The author tells us that the concept produced within the mind of an individual upon hearing the term ‘public administration’ may seem conceptual and ordinary at first glance. However, this idea changes with a little exploration into the term and what it means. Public means the citizens of a given area.

The customer should know that approaching the court is the final resort and ultimate. He should consider the monitory values and time etc. The customer should be aware of his rights and as well as liabilities arising out of his contract in the procurement of goods and services. Frivolous and vexatious claims are to be avoided completely.

The author states that rights related to copyright include those of performing artists in their performances, producers of phonograms in their recordings, and those of broadcasters in their radio and television programs.” In simple words, intellectual property may be called a generic term for a set of legal instruments.

The judicial court will consist of the prosecutor, the defendant, and the judge. Advisors are advised to sit the second chair to the prosecutor and defense attorney, who may also be an advisor. The judge for the organization will be selected prior to the allegation by a majority vote of the members.

Vehicle insurance is usually a fixed cost regarding vehicle use. When reducing their mileage, the drivers do not find any insurance cost savings. Pay As You Go pricing changes insurance to a variable cost regarding vehicle travel (Litman, 2002). This means that the premiums are directly related only to annual mileage. 

I enquired about what concerns Councilor S has and received an evasive answer that he was not sure of what exactly his objections were. On the other hand, Councilor S never put anything into writing, which they are required through procedural standards due to which Mr. F was unable to forward the application. 

The way advancements are taking place in science, technology and IT fields, anti-social elements have become far more modern in their approach in carrying out their operations. This calls for adopting more advanced approach for preventing the anti-social designs.

Mill, being a feminist critic while argues the problem of inequality states that women's wages must be regulated under any circumstances. Ball (2001) while highlighting Mill's argument states the main reason for such inequality is the choice of limited occupations chosen for women and women have only granted access to them.

The primary goal of damages in most jurisdictions is to fulfill a claimant’s performance interest by giving the claimant the substitute remedy of the “benefit of the bargain” monetarily. This typically includes compensation for actual loss incurred as a result of the breach and for net gains, including lost profits, that the claimant was precluded from because of the respondent’s actions.

The author states that as interpreted in the numerous court decisions, the protection against the self – incrimination means that a witness before any government officials or tribunal may refuse to give testimony that might be used against the witness in the future criminal proceeding or that might result in uncovering further evidence.

From a theoretical point of view, it has been referred to as the making of decisions where the law is not clear, where the police officer has alternative courses of action, and where a cost-benefit analysis cautions against the rigid application of the law. Some scholars have defined police discretion as judgments made within “regulated autonomy”. 

 Capital punishment has been administered and accepted in this country for over 200 years, however, some states have now abolished the practice, while others continue with sanctioned executions. In 2000, Governor George Ryan of Illinois suspended executions in that state and “commuted the death sentences of all Illinois death row inmates in 2003”