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Despite the fact that many of the reasons have a sound basis, they do not suffice to justify the extension of the protection period. In contemporary society, intellectual property has become a high premium product and each day there is a new argument is on the subject that to some extent touches on the universal consumers or art literature and other creative works.
Therefore, the topic is significant in the light that the plight of women at the workforce and the issue of balancing work and family responsibilities seem to be fall on the shoulders more of women, than men.
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This essay intends to examine, the modalities and functional aspects of urban transportation and housing. Body As a point of departure, policies guiding urban housing and transportation are critical in any urban development. The two primary reasons for urban policy include, the urban or cities are integral in economy development beaus most of the populace resides in them.
BITs typically contain an umbrella clause which is also known as an “observance of undertakings clause”. The umbrella clause requires the contracting states to the BIT to undertake compliance with the state obligations in relation to investors from the other state. According to Foster, umbrella clauses are usually the enabling clause for investor/state disputes arising under the BIT.
Through the UN Commission on Human Rights established in 1946, the United Nations makes policies for human rights including the definition of the basic rights and freedoms, reviewing of the human rights issues, developing and codifying new international norms as well as make recommendations to governments.
A tort is a civil wrong committed by a tortfeasor/defendant against another person called the plaintiff (the injured person). When a tort has been committed, the plaintiff succumbs to injuries/losses. The losses sustained by the plaintiff may take numerous forms such as economic losses, violation of one’s constitutional rights, reputation damage, privacy violation, emotional injuries, and physical injuries among other torts.
Punishments for military officers scale from imprisonment for life or for terms not more than two years, cashiering, and dismissal from service, forfeiture of the prescribed manner of seniority of rank, fines, and reprimands to stoppages. Other ranking officers under military law are punished on a scale from life sentences.
The EU legal order has so far achieved a lot. The European Court of Human Rights is an international court set up by the European Convention on Human Rights (Kloth, 2010). It hears petitions relating to countries breaking some laws that uphold and protect human rights. Any country preaching these provisions on human rights touching on political and civil rights are brought before the court.
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Nobody benefits from an accused person being sentenced to a crime that they simply did not commit. The victim of the actual crime loses. Society loses faith in the system. The guilty are left free in the community to commit more crimes; while the innocent lose what shred of freedom they had on the outside.
Conformity marks the first mode of adaptation according to Merton. Most common people are conformists. The conformists accept culturally-defined goals and the socially restricted means of achieving the goals they struggle within the socially accepted ways and avenues such as education and educational advancement.
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The term anger is generally regarded as a catchall term for any number of feelings or emotions that tend to often drive us. Thomas (60), defines anger as being an essentially strong and often uncomfortable emotional response to a specifically given provocation that is perceived to be unwanted and rather incongruent with a given individual’s beliefs, values and rights.
The effectiveness of the rule of law in the UK is largely evident in courts' ability to exercise their g judicial review when it comes to determining the manner in which government edicts are exercised. However, parliamentary craftsmanship and the executive undermining of judicial authority are increasingly undermining this effectiveness.
This is to means that while other economies were experiencing a recession, other substantial regions of the globe remained unaffected. This has been happening of course since the 1950s to 90s and the excluded economy has always been Japan. The economies of nations such as the United Kingdom and the rest of West Europe uniquely felt the heat.
For the inmates, the prison’s overcrowding has many diverse negative effects. According to research prison, overcrowding creates aggression, competition for the limited resources, increased higher suicide rates and increased recidivism likelihood, and increased illness rates.
UAE Courts and Law Introduction The constitution of UAE is based on rule of law, equality, liberty, freedom of religion and speech, freedom of communication, freedom of association and council, freedom of movement and freedom to be elected for an office without any discrimination within the limitations of UAE.
Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms: Article 3 of the ECHR. Introduction: Human rights can be broadly defined as those rights that are inherent to all human beings irrespective of their nationality, sex, origin, religion, place of residence et al.1 Everyone in the world is entitled to their human rights without any form of discrimination, unless the rights they accrue have been limited for some special circumstance.
The Bowman v. Fel’s case involved money laundering disclosure requirements and litigation-related professional privilege. These requirements are outlined in the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (POCA) that was fully enforced on the 1st of March 2004.
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Ohio case, which led to terry's stops, in a span of seven years, 335 law enforcement officers, had been killed. In addition, there were over 23,000 assaults on law enforcement officers.2 They were being attacked and even killed by violent people. This necessitated the need for the government to protect its law enforcement officers.
Name Instructor Course Date Lew, Julian D.M. Final Report on Intellectual Property Disputes and Arbitration. The ICC International Court of Arbitration Bulletin, Vol.9, No.1, 2012, July, pp. 37-95 Intellectual Property Intellectual property rights have increasingly been a thing of debate considering the fact that many people are embracing technology to come up with new developments in the society.
The laxity enabled the financial institutions pursue to profits without considering their long-term obligation to the society and even the level of risk exposure (Great BritainH.M. Treasury, 2011). Based on this knowledge various countries across the World notably the United States and the United Kingdom, which had been adversely affected, enacted various reforms that were aimed at increasing transparency within financial institutions, and making the financial institutions as well as the top management more accountable.
This case is about property law and specific repossession by a lender. The facts of the case are that Ben and Ali had bought a home, Valiant Villa, for £300,000 as registered freeholders. They secured a mortgage of £125,000 against it in which they made monthly repayments from their joint account. Ali got a prospective job, as a model scout and agent, that Ben did not fully approve of.
An employer under employment law is to offer a concise warning of the type of demeanor that he regards to be gross misconduct. Details of gross misconduct can be given in the contract of employment or through the staff handbook. Recognizing such a demeanor in advance will assist to show later that the management considers it as an important behavior.
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In recent times, there has been a lot of controversy on whether to use or not use such machines in warfare. In 1995, Robert Pepperell coined the term “post-human” in the context of the convergence of technology and organisms. The rise of robot warriors and autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles renders ethics of war a post-human phenomenon as the human factor has been removed therein.
It is generally assumed that federalism is a political philosophy which is still evolving in the US. This much is settled that the US Constitution or legal system stems from federalism because both the national government and all state governments are entrusted with different amounts of independence or power.
The most fundamental aspect of a legally binding contract; is the determination that the parties involved have voluntarily assumed liability for the breach of that promise (McKendrick, 2012 p.289). The voluntary assumption of liabilities by the parties to an agreement requires that the parties must agree to exchange something of value, referred to as consideration, without which the agreement is considered null and void.
This study shall immensely rely on various tests and examinations, based on current tort law, to draw reasonable conclusions regarding whether the primary, secondary, and tertiary victims in this case should receive damages from the respective defendants.1 In this case, Annabel, Bilal, Colin, and Eric’s estate press for damages from Dwain, the knitting company proprietor for negligent psychological injury, while Dwain sues the electrical contractor for the same.
As much as the use of false confession might seem legally unacceptable, it is a very common scenario in law. False confession can be of a serious negative impact on a judge or justice process. This explains why jurisprudence has come up with ways in which false confessions can be detected and rejected in legal processes.
The United Kingdom is a European state, other than this, the economies in the European States are closely interlinked thus the legal matters arising are heavily intertwined and largely interlinked. Further, the legal issues involving these states are largely influenced by the EU Treaties and the Conventional Human Rights of Europe.
The subsequent act after making a clear intention to harm an individual has to be a voluntary action. For instance, the planned termination of Kayte reflects that her employer deliberately put her into a situation where he could easily fire her. This element is associated with the substantial damage caused to a plaintiff.
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American laws on copyright do not arise from a deliberate decision. It is rather a characteristic of the unique approach to copyright laws. The law allows the copying of useful items (Mackaay, 76). Useful items are those that are usable in the everyday life of people. In this regard, apparel falls in the category o useful items.
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Generally, it is essential to state that the Family Medical Leave Act came into being in the year 1993 to strike a balance between employers and employees in a scenario where employees have to take extended medical leaves in a serious condition which includes pregnancy or take of any family members.
Normally, for an individual to be liable under the law, it means that they are responsible for the outcome of their actions that in turn violates the law, which is otherwise referred to as criminal liability or an injury to others, which is otherwise referred to as civil liability.
In most states, the probation conditions are not specified under law, but are left for the juvenile courts to decide. This is also mostly guided by the recommendation from a probation officer. In juvenile justice system, the judge, and the probation officer are supposed to act as wise parents or guardians to the underage child (Del Carmen & Trulson, 2005).
However, the current laws that are being applied in the cybercrimes are outdated; thus, proving to be ineffective in curbing the cybercrimes (Maras 94). Therefore, the inability of laws to keep the pace with advancement in computer technology will lead to many cybercrimes unpunished regardless the increase in these criminal actions.
A big percentage of American population is not medically insured and this leads to the physician visits being too expensive for an ordinary citizen (Gibson 41). Approximately 44million Americans are not insured and an additional 38 million have insufficient health insurances.
A partnership will keep the business affairs of the partners private as well as be governed by limited external regulations. Furthermore, it is easy to modify the structure of a partnership in the future if the circumstances will require a modification in the structure of the venture (Roach 2013, p. 45).
under English employment law, an employer has the implicit duty of mutual confidence and trust. Thus, an employer should not act in such a style that would damage or destroy the relationship of confidence and trust between the employer and employee as held in Hagen v ICI Chemicals and Polymers Ltd . (Selwyn 2006:9.55).
There is a high chance that Green Coffee will pay for the man’s injuries. According to the law of agency, an organization is liable for the mistakes done by an employee who is undertaking business on its behalf. Joe who was texting while driving did not stop at the stop sign as required of him, leading to the accident.
The Anti Terrorism Act provided the Financial Transaction and Report Analysis of Canada with the authority to detect and combat the acts of money laundry in financing terrorism activities. Further, the ATA provided Canadian Security Intelligence Service and law enforcement agencies with information concerning the acts of terrorism financing.
The essay will discuss the current framework for inter-agency arrangements regulating child protection laws in the UK as well as the current practices and policies that have been reformed over the tears with reference to the Children’s’ Act (2004), and Working Together to Safeguard Children Guidelines (2013).
Due to constant pressure from immediate colleagues, superiors, or even due to a high level of competition in the business environment, people end up employing unethical practices of reaping more profits. Some of these ways include: employing child labor, utilizing copyrighted resources, bribery, and likewise.
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The issue of racial discrimination has been contentious in the history of the United States. One of the sectors affected by racial discrimination in the education sector. The degree of perception by teachers from different races greatly affects the performance of students and the disparity of performance by students from different races is eminent.
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There are varieties of situations when the jury comes up with unfair decisions on who will get the lump sum. The permanent methods have been a long struggle to many Floridians who are working so hard to make sure that they will obtain their fair share in the shortest time possible out for constitutional changes in the same.
which was directly involved in fracking at Green Acres would be liable for prosecution for pollution of water under the provision of Article 38, and Article 39, sub-section (1), and sub-section (5) of the Environmental Protection Act, 1970 (2002 Reprint).
The course has been informative of the research process and its involved stages and concepts of research. This paper explains my developed knowledge. Stages in conducting a research are one of the developed knowledge from the course.
Our system of law has firmly ingrained that searches that are conducted outside the judicial process and without any prior approval by a magistrate or judge are per se unreasonable (not permissible) under the Fourth Amendment though this is subject to only a few established exceptions. The court has given a number of exceptions to warrant that is required including but not limited to searches of vehicles, consent searches and inventory searches.
A schoolboy aged 14 years was charged in the court for murdering his 14-year-old girlfriend. The inopportune incident was reported to have occurred on December 4, 2013. Both teenagers were students studying in a Withington Academy. The prosecution reiterated that the girl had been found murdered near Seaburn Metro Station.
Such a trend may converge to negative utility and occurs in many aspects of possessions and applications. This develops a perspective that despite the magnitude of benefits that can be derived from a commodity, the commodity may be a threat under some level of possession and scope of use.
It is also critical to assess the scenarios of contract cancellation especially in contexts lacking consent from both parties. Consent involves the total agreement from the members entering into any contract such as that of Antony to provide clothe garments and jewels at subsidized price to secure more businesses while increasing sales and therefore, more profits.
Criminal procedure entails the adjudication process of the criminal law. Generally, criminal procedure process begins with a formal criminal charge and result in the acquittal or conviction of the defendant (Joyce, 34). Moreover, criminal procedure deals with the set of rules governing the series of proceeding through which the government enforces substantive criminal law.