Finance & Accounting Essays

The disclosure of financial statements is secondary information given for review by the stakeholders of the company, its partners, and external readers in support of any published financial information. The financial reporting and disclosure by organizations help outsiders to take decisions on investment.

Joe T. is a non-resident alien of the United States who has invested in 1,000 shares of common stock in IBM Corporation. IBM is registered in Delaware, the United States and does most of its business within the United States. The stock owned by Joe T. represents less than 1% of the overall value of IBM Corporation.

If an investor borrows $100,000 and the bank requires a deposit of $10,000 then that is a compensating balance loan. Part of the cost faced by a bank is offset by the compensating balance when extending a loan or credit to a business or an individual. It is calculated as an outstanding loan percentage.

Name: Institution: Professor: Date: Case analysis- Victoria Chemicals plc Introduction The case is about the different ways through which Victoria Chemicals plc can fund the modernization of the Merseyside works project from the corporate headquarters in order to improve its financial performance in order to increase its Earnings per Share.

The efforts on reduction of tax liability have increased in recent years as the taxpayers feel that they are unfairly taxed on the income earned by them. The US income tax returns have become lengthy and tiring in recent times. The US tax returns process requires US citizens to pay taxes on the incomes they earn all over the world.

Formulation of the likely structure is therefore of fundamental and of primary concern and ensuring that the structure is the most suitable and applicable is paramount. Proper systems would ensure that the costs of banking within the region are highly regulated and that tight controls are ensured of money and money operations. 

The paper helped to analyze Kroger Co.’s financial position and the role of profitability and shareholder equity’s ratios in it. Moreover, the use of financial statements and utility derived from it by the internal and external stakeholders presented the worth of the financial statements for the company and people associated with it.

We shall also try to see the impact of this development on the United States. At the end of the paper we shall try to address the question of the opportunities and threats in the short run as well as long run for both the countries as a result of this strategic partnership. The world in the last few decades has experienced a major degeneration of the old production relations and the consequent political ties. 

Table 1 above presents the descriptive statistics for our variables of interest. The only point of concern that may arise in this situation is that all the variables reflect some degree of skewness which violates the normality assumption. Additionally, the fact that the number of observations is only 45 may also be a point of concern since this can lead to a small sample bias.

According to the paper HDFC bank mainly provides service in wholesale banking, retail banking and treasury services undertaken by the company. In the whole sale banking the target customers of the bank are the blue chip companies, small-mid sixed companies and the business related to agriculture. The kinds of services provided to these customers are trade services, working capital management, cash management and transactional services.

M&S is an expanding business internationally and has started its operations in many countries of the world with around 390 stores in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. Additionally, they employ over 78,000 people all over the world. Despite the global recession, the company has managed to increase its revenues from its UK and international operations.

A comprehensive report which contains the activities, financial and non-financial performance evaluation statements of the company are called the Annual Report. The annual report is prepared to give the stakeholders of the company, mainly the shareholders an elaborate and transparent view of the company.

ENERSYS’s main headquarter is in North America, but it is a global leader in providing energy and power appliances. It operates in other continents such as Europe, Asia, Africa and Middle East. The main operation of ENRSYS is to provide power, electrical and energy appliances to industries across the globe.

IAS 16 requires the application of what is referred to as a component method for measurement and recognition. This method required recognition of those elements of an asset that are likely to get substituted in the near future or independently from the other part of the asset. This is not applicable in the case of Investment Property.

Invesco criticized the proposed deal citing poor terms, state interference, and a lack of strategic underlying principles. The problems that BAE has raised include the share buyback program, possible deviation from its generous dividend payout as well as the doubts imposed by inviting German and French stakeholders to the deal.  

Most of the leading pharmaceutical and healthcare companies have a corporate venture capital division which helps them in acquiring key medical equipments and commercial assets for the pharmaceutical industries. During recession, most of the venture capital companies saw an exit from the market.

The value-added tax (VAT) mechanism is utilized for taxing the consumption of goods and services in an economy. Essentially, VAT is a consumption tax though its implementation differs from that of other consumption taxes such as sales tax. As the name implies, VAT is collected at each stage of the economic value addition process required to produce a good or service.

Tax system plays a huge role with respect to rescuing ailing economy and increasing its growth prospect overtime. Most of countries across the globe operate almost similar taxation policies and systems but they differ in how they apply them on key economic performance measures. Policy makers currently consider taxation a major debatable issue.

This section will demonstrate the relevance of the study by identifying specific research questions and describing aims and objectives for the purposes of this investigation. The second part, on the other hand, will review literature related to IAS 39 and IFRS 9 as financial instruments used in hedge accounting.

All the employees of the organization share a responsibility to develop the working environment of the organization safe and effective (Vasile, & Georgiana, 2012). There are four main features that are used to maintain the internal control in the organization to ensure ethical standards and accurate records.

Tax law encompasses the field of legal studies that covers common-law, constitutional, regulatory and statutory rules that represent the law relevant to taxation. To understand how tax is governed, this paper will describe the sources of tax laws and differentiate between the roles of the tax courts and the Internal Revenue Service in their interpretation and application of tax laws.

In the recent past, there has been an increase in the need for the world to adopt the IFRS. The standards were originally developed by the European Union nations as a way of harmonizing their financial reporting standards. However, over time many countries globally have adopted them as their financial reporting standards.

Accounting theory Corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports do not provide shareholders and stakeholders with useful information on corporate social and environmental but are rather a public relations vehicle. Introduction The major stakeholders of a company to be given information by the Corporate Social Responsibility include employees, customers, the government, suppliers, public interest groups, banks, and customers.

Financial instability and crisis have rocked most economies, with the recent one being experienced in the 2008-2009 period. One of the reasons cited behind this crisis has been a laxity on market discipline resulting in the lack of adequate warning signs that could have triggered the implementation of corrective measures.

Tesco Plc is a global retailer of grocery and other products. Some of the contents of the chief executive officer’s report are useful. One useful content is the report that the company was able to achieve a good set of results in the areas of sales, profits, and earnings per share growth. Another useful content is the increase in the company’s ROCE by 13 percent.

Internal Revenue Code contains a table of contents that shows all the tax topics covered in the code. The code also contains a glossary that explains major terms used in taxation. The internal revenue code contains more than fifty words that are well defined.

Its success is bestowed in its core values such service, quality and value in all its stakeholders’ lenses. Its main sales are derived from the contracting services: broking. Air partner one of the key players in the industry due its experience of the management, sophisticated operation supported by the blue-sky technology, the strategic alliances it has implemented and the long term-relationship it continues to establish with its strategic partners in the global market.

Hence to be on the safe side the financial analysis is imperative. In this case the concepts of NPV and Payback are the indicators to be used to assess whether the business will carry good returns or not. “Net Present Value (NPV) is the excess of the present value (PV) of future cash inflows to be generated by the project over the amount of initial investment.” On the other hand “Payback period is the length of time it will take the company to recover its initial investment.” In this scenario e.g., if the initial investment is $15,000 and the annual after tax cash saving are $3000, then the payback period would equal 5 years.

Finance is the uncertainty that professionals apply in the decision making and economics of the time. The effects of uncertainty and timing enable businesses to make various economic choices that concern an alternate course of action. International finance refers to the examination of institutions and analysis of various cash flows of different countries.

But before starting it, we need to critically analyze the financial performances reports and compare the financial performance of activity-based costing and conventional costing methods. From the above examples themselves, we can understand how activity-based costing is an advantage for the organization.

She came back with an honors degree and for that she was promoted to treasury analyst from the administrative assistant, a post she previously held as she had more so been the president’s secretary, Joe- Bob Brinepool, before she left a year ago. Bernice had the notion that the company was performing very well.

It is better to make the estimates of the upcoming costs at the time of identification of the costs. Every cost identified must be carefully sorted out in such a manner that its practical estimates should be managed. Once the estimates are established, the whole forecast should be made in order for actual costs to remain around +/- 5% of the estimated costs.

It is the first local bank as well as the first shareholding company in the country of Kuwait. The organization initiated the operations in a small bank with few employees. The bank relied on the tools of manual and traditional banking and later became one of the largest profitable banks of the region.

It also serves dinner and lunch with the typical burgers, steaks and sandwiches found in all the eateries. The company has franchised most of its outlets and completely owns and operates only around 230 of its restaurants. The company’s current President and CEO is John Miller, while it also has two Executive Vice Presidents namely Frances Allen and Mark Wolfinger.

1.1 Strengths The group decided to provide water, for which there will always be a demand. 1.2 Weaknesses The service may easily be imitated by copycats and competitors. Water purification technology, even that mentioned here, have many counterparts and alternatives which can be used; besides, MIBW4A has no proprietary right to the filters, the mobile payment system, or any element in its business, and there is nothing to stop others from buying the same water filtration system from the same supplier.

The Tea market appears to be attractive. The competition in the tea market is not as severe as the competition in other segments of the drink industry such as in the carbonated soda sector in which Coca-Cola and Pepsi dominate. As of 1999, there were 2,595,500 gallons of tea consumed by the American public or 9.5 gallons per capita.

In order to view the problem from every facet and identify an appropriate solution, the researcher has conducted both secondary research and primary research for collecting data. The secondary data was used for conducting a critical review of the literature. The literature review section reveals a comprehensive discussion on financial management and its role in the small restaurant business.

Moreover, the knowledge of finance is not only essential for those who will pursue their career in finance but it also crucial for the individuals who are seeking specialization in the field of marketing, management, accounting and various other disciplines that includes one’s routine life as well.

In the quest to ascertain the impact of foreign banking on Chinese Commercial Banks, it was necessary to use empirical formula rather than quantitative formula. An empirical study shows the relationship between the introduction of these strategic foreign investments and the resultant influence on domestic Chinese commercial banks.

The major ethical and legal issue regarding Worldcom's accounting manipulations stem from the fact that the company decided to treat $3.8 billion in everyday expenses from its operating accounts relating to a Sprint merger as capital investments.

There are some countries in which international accounting standards are considered an appropriate means for carrying out financial reporting. This difference in their financial reporting is based on varying prejudices and preconceived concerns, the basis of which has often been questioned by experts and proponents of adopting national and international accounting standards.

A ratio analysis has been conducted using various analytical tools, which are described in the paper. The paper contains a summary of quantitative analysis that include the balance sheet analysis, the analysis of the income statement, the cash flow analysis, the analysis of the operating efficiency, the analysis of ROE, credit and liquidity analysis and the growth expectation.

Monetary policies can combine inflation targets, output gaps, asset price movements, and even asset price bubbles specifically in a sort of a calibrated response by weighing various policy trade-offs. When there is no intrinsic demand for an asset, then its value is most probably inflated based on the more normal laws of supply.

Females are socialized to be soft spoken, timid and shy. They are told not to use foul language or be too loud and outspoken. Males on the other hand are socialized to be loud, aggressive, and confident in their speech. They tend to use foul language at ease amongst male peers and use their speech and body language to express their power and status quo assigned to them socially.

As an effect of globalization and internationalisation, the competition in the world market has intensified significantly. With such competition, the business organisations are aiming to strengthen their internal capability. In the process of enhancing their competitive advantage over other companies; by developing capabilities, competencies and core competencies, human resource is the most crucial and required factor that must be managed properly (Gary, p.52-53).

While selecting a house which an individual wants to buy he/she takes into consideration the apartment or the house first and then the individual also takes a look at the residential area in which he plans to dwell.

Such regulations can be government formulated, private companies or by social, professional and trade unions. Regulatory bodies have been in existence for several years; regulations can be academic regulations, financial regulation, building and construction regulation, environmental regulation as well as health regulation.

Owing to the disastrous event of the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico (Stephen 2010), the company suffered a significant decline in its profitability, and financial indicators for the company were badly affected by the same. In 2009, before the oil spill incident, the company earned significant profits and was able to report positive returns on capital and equity.

A company whether large or small has to deal with types of issues. The issues come in different forms and impact the organization’s operation. However, the common issues that a company has to deal with are financial constraints and intense competition within the industry. In this context of the study, the company, Manac Plc is presently facing issues pertaining to the target profits.