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Papers for magazines cannot be like tissue paper or it will have a greater spread of ink. Even the cost production of the paper is contingent on which one you buy; however both the soluble and those not soluble in water have substitutes of the chemicals used in creating them, which provide cost efficiency and the same results.
Metals deform at room temperature and are usually accompanied by layers of atoms sliding over one another within the crystal grains of the metal. In the first part of the experiment, the concept of cold working was demonstrated. Experiment two examined how annealing times and annealing temperature affected the hardness of copper.
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A fiber-optic communication channel consists of three major components. They include the transmitter, information channel, and receiver. The generator converts electrical signals into light pulses. The information channel is made of thin silica, which transmits signals in the form of modulated light pulses.
With the modification of electrodes, they have found broad applications in areas of analysis that previously seemed improbable. As with any analytical method, precision and accuracy have been the theme and couple with this property, electrochemical analysis and voltammetry in particular with the added advantage of reducing cost and being less time-consuming.
Each step introduces artefacts by distorting the cell natural appearance. Some artefacts are avoidable, while others are unavoidable. Among the most common artefacts are wrinkles. Scratched are caused by dirt on the cutting edge. The procedure should be carried out with care to avoid unintended artefacts since they can result in wrong diagnostics.
About 10 cm of magnesium ribbon was used instead of just 1cm or 20 cm to ensure that the magnesium would react adequately with the air. In addition, it was important not to use 1cm because it would have less weight and would introduce more errors to the experiment. Conversely, 20 cm of magnesium would require quite a long time to be oxidized completely.
A 30-year-old man works in a textile industry that uses formaldehyde-based resins as finishers so that the fabrics are resistant to creases. His symptoms began three weeks ago with gradual onset of local irritation in the eyes, nose, and upper respiratory tract. He was also experiencing shortness of breath and chest pain.
In cases where two immiscible liquids are to be dispersed, a component that will be added to the two liquids is needed and this additive is normally referred to as the emulsifier. The type of emulsifier used in different mixtures influences both the formation of the emulsifier and also the stability of the emulsion in the long term.
The Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Technique (NMR) was discovered in the 1940s by Purcell and Bloch. Since then, its applications have gone on to grow from one use to another as the technology in use has advanced. Researchers are continuing to take advantage of the diverseness and dynamism that NMR has come to be connected with.
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The experiment was conducted in a mid-sized apartment and incense from the United Arab Emirates was burned in a closed apartment in order to reciprocate the conditions that are found in the Arab countries. The control group was cigarette smoke and a local cigarette was burned and placed in similar conditions for the purposes of comparing the results.
This assignment also uses the table of thermodynamic data to calculate S and H for the given reactions, mathematically expresses Fouriers Law defining all the terms used within it, compares the values of thermal conductivity of metals, insulating materials and gases and explains the Stefen-Boltzman Law.
Breakfast has been labeled as the most important meal of the day. It allows the person to kick start his day. A healthy breakfast is known to be beneficial for the overall health and well being of a person. Scientific studies have shown that consuming a healthy breakfast correlated positively with weight, nutritional adequacy and academic performance.
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum strain D747 has no known risk factors for the majority of animals. This nearly makes the substance harmless; hence, there is no compelling need for its management. However, in plants, the substance has several effects on the parts; thus a need to manage it.
The simplest methods utilize different solubility exhibited by most compounds in water compared to organic solvents. In this case, the experiment was based on the fact that benzoic acid is soluble in organic solvents as well as it is easily converted to water-soluble benzoate anion. In order to carry out this separation, a sealable funnel was used.
The carbon monoxide appears in the lungs then crosses the capillary membrane into the alveoli, at this point, it is expired during breathing. This expired CO is then collected with
This laboratory was setup got to study the tensile properties of aluminum and copper metals. The following apparatus was used to carry out the experiment: the TecQuipment’s laboratory which is the scale benchtop tensile testing machine, the Extensometer, and the Dogbone which was shaped in different shaped samples of yellow brass.
The optical rotation of the molecule is measured using the polarimeter. The rotation of the molecule depends on several factors such as structure of the molecule, temperature
The different response was attributed to the presence of quaternary ammonium modification despite the full elastic response of the inorganic filler at the levels of stress.this difference in response is due to an increase in the amount of non-crystalline hard segments in the amorphous phase or an increase in the mobility of the soft phase. 36
Smoking can cause lung disease by damaging your airways and the small air sacs (alveoli) found in your lungs. Lung diseases caused by smoking include COPD, which includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Cigarette smoking causes most cases of lung cancer.
The three types of water assessed for purity in terms of their chemical compositions included Tap Water, Dasani® bottled and Fiji® bottled water. It was observed that bottled water contained more impurities than tap water, and that water treatment reduced the number of impurities in the water. It was concluded that tap water was a safe and cheap source of drinking water.
This assignment also discusses types, structure and function of carbohydrates, lipids and protein, the key molecules of life. Carbohydrates are one of the major classes of biomolecules. Most of the earth’s organic matter is comprised of carbohydrates since they play an extensive role in the life of all organisms.
Galvanic corrosion occurs when two metals, or rather a galvanic metal couple, are placed in a common electrolyte and are electrically connected. As observed during the experiment, the behavior of the two metals in the above conditions was dissimilar. One metal acted as the anode (corrodes) while the as the cathode.
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Chocolate can be used as an ingredient in many other food products such as candy bars, milkshakes, cereals, cakes, biscuits, and cookies. This is what makes it important to know exactly how chocolate bars can be made from cocoa beans. Someone might assume that the process of producing chocolate bars from cocoa beans is a simple one.
The focus of this paper is to research the mechanisms of sildenafil citrate on mice embryo. A number of researchers have published their work on this subject (Ferrari, et al. 2002; Hotchkiss, et al. 2005; Kurt, et al. 2004; Langroudi, et al. 2005; Li, et al. 2002). The findings indicate that sildenafil supports the NO-cGMP pathway.
The consequences of these events are potentially significant. Communicating within the nuclear processing industry involves several groups of audiences. Evaluation of the consequences of the operational events of nuclear power processing these effects to the affected parties is in most cases challenging for the technical communicators.
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Amyloidogenesis is another problem. It involves the purification of the recombinant protein that originates from diverse systems such as animal cells and bacteria. In this process, the proteins combine to form inclusions and take the amyloid form. As a result, the amyloid hinders the manufacture of therapeutic proteins by pharmacists.
Acetyldigoxin Is an organic compound which is found in Digitalis lanata, which scientifically is called Grecian foxglove, woolly foxglove and it is used to treat heart-related diseases. While Aescin is a major active substance in Aesculus hippocastanum (plant) which is a horse chestnut tree. The plant is distributed everywhere because it is highly resistant to environmental conditions.
Lactulose is broken down in the colon by bacteria to short-chain compounds including lactic and acetic acids. The compounds increase the acidity of the contents of the colon resulting in high hydrogen ions (H+) in the colon. The acidic environment favors the conversion of ammonia to the non-absorbable ammonium ions thereby reducing blood ammonia levels.
Studies indicate that this rise is due to increase papillary carcinoma, the most prevalent thyroid malignancy in areas with insufficient iodine. Incidence rates annually vary by geographic area, age, and sex. A normal fully differentiated thyroid follicular cell is transformed into a rapidly growing undifferentiated anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.
In aerobic conditions, molecules of pyruvate and fatty acids are actively transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane and into the mitochondrial matrix where the pyruvate undergoes oxidation. Pyruvate oxidation takes place within the matrix of the mitochondria. Oxygen and two pyruvates go into pyruvate oxidation.
The three Gas Laws have dependent and independent variables, and altering the independent variable would result in the dependent variable to change. It was found that changing the pressure of gas caused an inverse change in the pressure it exerted, changing the temperature caused a change in the pressure and changing the temperature of gas caused the volume to change.
The surface water is provided by Lake Meredith, while the Ogallala Aquifer provides the groundwater source. The city’s water is therefore provided by a combination of these two water sources with the lake providing about 6% of the total water demand, and the rest is catered for by the groundwater sources.
The aim of the experiment was to determine the equilibrium coefficient of the formation of thiocyanate-iron. Using absorbance measurements of FeSCN2+ and initial concentrations of the reagents, the Kc value was found to be almost constant for reactant concentrations not in a ratio of 1:1. A Fe3+: SCN- the ratio of 1:1 resulted in a Kc value of 1.0019.
The developments in chemical kinetics were initiated by Peter Waage and Cato Gulberg, a duo who formulated the law of mass action. The law states that the speed of a chemical reaction is proportional to the quantity of the reacting substances. The rate of a chemical reaction is affected by the following factors.
Conventional SOFC operated at high temperatures of between 800-10000C so as to enable ionic conductivity. Currently, studies are being undertaken to develop intermediate temperature SOFCs or IT-SOFCs. The performance of SOFC is highly dependent on the microstructure of the components of the SOFC. Therefore all research focuses on component properties that will enhance the efficiency of SOFCs.
Cyclometallated compounds that incorporate internal imine functionality are proposed as intermediates in a number of organic transformations. Cyclometallated metal complexes which include a nitrogen donor atom are known to possess excellent photoreduction property and reactivity towards C-H bond functionalization reactions.
The major source of alkanes is from natural gas and oil wells that are distributed throughout the world. Its composition varies from field to field but is majorly 80% methane and 10% ethane, with the remaining portion consisting of higher alkanes such as propane. Natural gas is usually collected via pipeline and then separated into its components.
Salicylate is a chemical compound that naturally occurs in most plants. They are mainly used by the plants to protect them against diseases and insects (PATERSON, et al., Strathclyde). Salicylates have varying effects on human beings depending on the quantity one has ingested. There are various foods that produce salicylate.
There is a need for the government to intervene and provide a reliable research fund that will help potential researchers to do quality research without financial constraints. The process of starch encapsulation and its consequent testing is a very expensive venture and consequently, there is a need for government funding.
Thermo-chemistry focuses on calculating the heat of combustion, heat capacity, heat formation, enthalpy changes, free energy and entropy. The energy given out or absorbed is measured in terms of joules using a calorimeter. Some chemical elements have important applications as either magnetic or laser materials. The amount of heat released or heat absorbed is determined by the elements' chemical properties and composition.
Filtering, distillation, evaporation, handpicking, chromatography, and crystallization are examples of methods used to separate chemicals and mixtures. Sometimes it is difficult to separate certain chemicals from a mixture. Reactive separation is beneficial in these circumstances, where a compound could be reacted to form a different compound that its chemicals can be easily separated.
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This, in essence, allowed for testing of the effect of the inhibitor on chymotrypsin activity. The results showed that with an increase in protein content, chymotrypsin activity is also likely to increase. However, the trend was not very clear in the case of comparison of chymotrypsin activity without and with an inhibitor.
Patient A was classed as either normal or impaired fasting hypoglycaemic. Patients B and E were diagnosed as fasting hypoglycaemic since they had significantly lower blood glucose levels at fasting (1.0nmol/ml and 1.1nmol/ml). Patient B also had increased concentrations of insulin and C-peptide (1.70nmol/ml and 0.60nmol/ml). Conversely, Patient D had diabetes mellitus.
One sample from the three given sample on each bench. The sample should have a mass of about 10-15 grams precisely. The percentage of components in each mixture should be known but not indicated in the samples. Sand should be thoroughly washed before making the mixture. The following mixtures can be used in the experiment.
Particulate Matter, commonly known as PM, is a collection of fine particles of either solid or liquid matter suspended in the atmosphere. The particles normally have a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers. The size of particles is normally measurable by an aerodynamic diameter, which aids in determining the category of a particle.
Ways in which human beings use to meet their energy needs have drastically evolved from the use of wind and water to coal and recently nuclear fuel. Nuclear fuel was believed to be environmentally friendly compared to others but this turned out to be untrue. All these forms of fuel release harmful gasses to the environment.
Using the HPLC simulation software currently available in the practical folder on Blackboard find the optimum parameters to effect separation of the following mixture of compounds using the Agilent Zorbax column as the stationary phase: acetophenone, p-chlorophenol, benzonitrile, p-xylene, p-dichlorobenzene, ethylbenzene, bromobenzene, toluene, and n-butylbenzene.
Nanotechnology forms part of the most promising areas of biomedicine. This paper reviews nano-film biomaterials, which are functional and thin nanoscopic films based on polymers that act as biocompatible interfaces. In addition, there are strategies towards films that have independent mechanical rigidity and controllable bioactivity.
Penicillin is the first antibiotic to be used in healthcare to treat bacterial infections. In 1945, the greatest contributors for the invention and isolation of penicillin, Alexander Fleming, Sir Howard Florey, and Ernst B. Chain, were awarded the greatest Nobel Prize for the invention and isolation of penicillin. The antibiotic has been proven to possess vital therapeutic potential.
It is undeniable that replacing cement with another material to construct buildings and other structures will be a greater challenge, thus the better way to minimize the negative effects of this industry is a global effort to continue innovating and improving the processes to ensure that the cement industry does not help destroy the environment.