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Descriptive statistics is a tool that describes the composition or type of data. They are used to summarize the data and with the techniques of graphical analysis they form the basis of quantative analysis and other analytical measures.Statistics are everywhere around us in this world. We face a lot of situation which involves statistics and more particularly descriptive statistics in our lives.
The author states that in order to undertake inferential statistics changes should be made in the analysis of the data, frequencies should be recorded for the gender, for the right-handed or left-handed variable and for the preferred T-shirt variable which should be treated as a dummy variable, for the income, age and grade variable.
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Informational data from a study associated with childhood diabetes, informational data from a heart and lung surgery, and informational data from transfusion orthopaedic surgery were collected, tabulated and statistically treated with 95% confidence interval, risk ratio, probability, chi square, mean, standard deviation, standard error.
The personnel director of a large rug manufacturing firm suggested that each month any employee who produced no defective rugs would receive a citation. Also, there would be a small party in the person’s honor, and he or she would get a half day off. The firm’s president was concerned that if this policy was adopted, the cost might be excessive.
Age is a continuous variable when it is used with a decimal point. However, when it is used as an integer value it is then considered to be a discrete value. It has a parametric interval level because its values can be ordered and the distance between the different values has meaning (Black 2006, p.9).
Coupled to this are the advances in informatics' which made possible the treatment of huge quantity of data by highly developed and multifaceted analytical methods, refined samplings, or superior medical data linkage
The author states that the encryption is “automatic, real-time and transparent “ and the virtual encrypted disk mounts as if it is a real disk. It has advanced security features such as plausible deniability which is helpful when the sender is confronted by a threatening situation where he/she has to reveal a sacrificial key.
The author states that different students have different attitudes towards school and studying, in general. Some consider going to academic institutions as an unpleasant obligation. There are also students who strive to do well in school, thinking that this is their ticket to a better life in the future.
The author states that research process is generally a step by step process which is basically applied to discover and justify certain phenomena, evaluate a process or certain programs, directed to clarify issues, policymaking, and finally improve systems as well as the total quality of life.
In summary, this article has filled a gap in the literature on workplace inequity by focusing on working conditions rather than on pay as the source of inequity. By using global job satisfaction rather than facet-based satisfaction with working conditions, this study has demonstrated the generalizability of the effects of inequity in working conditions to overall satisfaction with the job.
The author states that descriptive statistics produce a number or figure to consolidate a huge amount of information. For example, the average is descriptive statistics. Hence, the average of daily intake, average of rainfall, or average body temperature are a few examples of descriptive statistics.
This is statistically significant for this indicates that in promoting slow moving dog products, these items will be placed on the waist level shelves. This also applies for goods that need to be sold immediately like old stocks and products approaching expiration dates.
The scales of measurements include nominal, ratio, ordinal and interval. The nominal scales are the simplest scales in this case because they involve the marking of variables without the consideration of any quantitative value.The nominal scales are reciprocally exclusive and they are not associated with any numerical significance.The nominal scales may refer to objects as male, female, brown or black among others.
”. I conducted an interview and gave out questionnaires to the undergraduates in order to make my study successful. The findings have been divided into two parts; the interview findings and the questionnaires findings. The individual findings have further been divided into male and female.
Therefore, the dependent variable of interest selected to be forecasted is the Yen to Dollar exchange rate. This exchange rate reflects the price of a single unit of the US currency, the Dollar, in terms of the Japanese currency, the Yen. The data is obtained from the Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED) website maintained by the Federal Reserve Bank, St Louis, USA.
Objectives of Our Study and the Study Design
The objective of the study was to found the effect whether our new launch energy drink pink cow will be better than the current market leader CML in terms of giving people more energy and keeping them awake.
An independent two-sample-t test was used because the two sets of observations were made from different samples, franchises, instead of paired sample test’s two sets of observations, each pair from same participants in a sample (Walkenbach, 2013).
There are factors that were presumed to predict rate of crime, Estimates using the police forces allocation after a terrorist attack and different locations were considered whereby the data on crime was taken from this locations. The major challenge in the crime literature is based on isolation of police on crime causal effects.
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The research paper selected for this report is “Customer satisfaction, trust, and commitment as predictors of customer loyalty within an optometric practice environment” produced by T. van Vuuren, M. Roberts-Lombard and E. van Tonder in 2012. This research paper was published in the Southern African Business Review.
4 pages (1000 words)
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Identifying the first language spoken is an indication of the ethnicity of the population Background Population census shows 3 types of language data which are called the mother tongue (language spoken at home), usual language or language mostly spoken at work(Language 1) and usual language less frequently used than the Language 1 at work which is called language 2 or this language can also be the language spoken at home.
Both statistics and consumer research are like fundamentals to input the marketing operation. Consumer research refers to studying about consumers and their behaviors, while statistics refers to a method of collecting information about consumers’ thoughts and perceptions.
MDD also can strain relationships with friends, family, and significant others. Major Depressive Disorders are comorbid. The main conditions found in comorbidity to MDD include Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, and Panic Disorders. The treatment of MDD is centered around selective serotonin reuptake receptor inhibitors.
The relationship between drugs and Grade Point Average (GPA) raises controversial debate among professionals from different social and cultural backgrounds. Although the research on the correlation between drugs and GPA is at its infant stage, there exists enough evidence to indicate that drugs have an effect on Grade Point Average (GPA).
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The graduating students are called graduates. They are conferred with degrees by the presiding officers of their particular graduation ceremonies. Graduations take place after completion of study for a specific time of period, most probably between 3-5 years of study.
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Higher education is becoming a distant dream for ordinary people in America now. American government is currently trying to implement globalization and liberalization policies. As part of these policies, the government is trying to stay away from spending much in the non-productive sectors.
Justification of the Research Question Cereal is one of the popular breakfast products in lot of countries of the world. Each day, consumers navigate through the cereal aisles in order to find the most nutritive, most savory products (Sifferlin). Due to the increase in worries over obesity, people tend to find the tastiest and nutritious products with low calorie.
The Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security of X city in Y province in China was interested in issues related to wage inequality and the determinants of wage rates in this city. We were provided the data from a survey of 359 employees in X city from three sectors: manufacturing, construction, and others.
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Quantitative research confounds exist that influences research results against independent variables’ forces and therefore challenges implementation of quantitative research. History confound, maturation confound, and testing confound are examples of challenges to quantitative research.
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The study contributes significant amount of knowledge regarding the removal of children from these institutions. The experimental design used in the study is that of the Group, Post-test Comparison with the main reason being randomization. Randomization creates a platform for covering all possible areas during the design.
A number of factors are perceived to have some logical relationship to the increase in a country’s population. The female fertility rate is an indicator that relates to the average number of children born to a woman. It is one of the metrics that determine the rate at which population may be expected to grow.
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The factors include age, number of sleeping hours, the number of time eating out a week, the number of days of training a week and the number of marathons run. Therefore, the main aim of the study was to analyze the collected data and determine the level of influence of these variables on the half marathon finishing time using different model of regression.
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This craftsmanship model was followed though to the 19th century in the industrialized world. Manufactures then started incorporating quality processes in quality practices in the 20th century. Before delving into the quality concepts, it is important for first comprehend the term quality.
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The book was published before the 2010 US presidential election and became a bestseller instantly. This paper is a reflection of The Signal and the Noise: Why So Many Predictions Fail — but Some Don't. The book title that Nate Silver used was informative of the contents of the book.
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Calculated Risks by the cognitive scientist Gigerenzer has highlighted the fact that we are still living in the period of uncertainty, because we do not have the knowledge of statistical thinking. According to the author, risk and uncertainty is associated with every phase of our life, as the same can be seen while assessing damage in an accident or evaluating the medical screening procedure and results.
The enabler is normally cheaper, simpler, accessible and more convenient to be used than the displaced technology. In healthcare, technological enablers are regarded as those which provide a precise diagnosis by the cause, and not the physical symptoms and displace the physician's intuition with precision.
Classification, Clustering and K-Means Clustering in SPSS In a Knowledge-Based Research Study Table of Contents Part I: Introduction to Classification and Clustering 3 Overview of Classification 6 Overview of Cluster Analysis 8 Hierarchical Clustering 14 K-Means Clustering 21 Two-Step Clustering 29 Part II: Measurement of Proximity 37 Hierarchical Cluster Measures 38 K-Means Cluster Measures 39 Two-Step Cluster Measures 43 Part III: Cluster Analysis With SPSS 44 Conducting the Hierarchical Clustering Process 46 Second Run Hierarchical Cluster 50 Conducting the K-Means Clustering Process 52 Conducting the Two-Step Clustering Process 56 Part IV: Summary 65 Appendix 64 Resources 64 Part I: Intro
Statistics is an interesting field of study that refers to the study of collection, organization, analysis, interpretation and presentation of data. There are different fields of statistics and in this essay the researcher presents a deep analysis of how they assist managers in operating their business ventures.
Utilising all the observation, the statistics were calculated therefore no observation is missing. The variables provided include patient identifier (idnum), Patient’s weight at the beginning of pregnancy (kg) (Weight1), Patient’s weight at the last part of pregnancy(kg) (Weight2), Back pain throughout pregnancy?
In a mathematical interpretation of this hypothesis, the researcher uses an equal sign to indicate no relationship. This hypothesis is signified by H0. It is the hypothesis that the researcher aims at changing by testing the alternative hypothesis
20). This begins with the ability of the company to control the volumes of its sales, the number of its customers, as well as other competitive strategies used to keep its products and services relevant in the market, as well as, attract new customers to consume their products.
One such study entails a trial on establishing the relationship between dissonance-inducing habits and eating patterns adopted by teenage girls. This test seeks to substantiate as to whether these dissonance-inducing practices decrease teenagers’ dreams of achieving their thin-ideal internalization goals, among other objectives.
The profitability associated with the decision triggers the need for the company to understand the different factor, which may affect the operation. The case analysis shows that one of such major factors is exchange rate that normally has influence on the selling price abroad.
A discrete variable can assume only a countable number of values such as the number of persons in a family, whereas a continuous variable can assume any numerical value over a certain interval or intervals (uncountable number of values) such as the height of a person. 2. A measure of location is a quantity that is ‘typical’ of the data.
This is the process of evaluating business decisions with respect to moral standards or values in a society. The following cases provide a clear view. In case 1b the Giant motor company, there is a research in progress on whether to expand the Libra and hydra plants for hypaproduction (Streifer& George, Pp 15).
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Consumers of energy include households, industries and the transport sector. It is used to drive engine in industries that are not powered by electricity. Moreover, it drives the economy because production of goods and services partly depend on gas consumption.
It can be understood from the analysis varied factors can have an influence regarding the products’ selling price. In addition, the exchange rate because of having sizable rate of variance, can also impact the selling price of the super cars in the different countries.
The company has an offer to receive sure revenue of $2,150,000 from HSBC bank in return for uncertain revenues in local currencies. The purpose of this report is to analyze the usefulness of this offer and help USA Super Cars reach a decision best suited for the company In order to reach a verdict the risk faced by US Super Cars and the amount of uncertain revenues resulting from exchange rate fluctuations are calculated and compared.
Critique of research paper “Individual connectedness in innovation networks: On the role of individual motivation” written by Rick Aalbersa, Wilfred Dolfsmab, Otto Koppiusb Introduction In this essay, the researcher has selected to critique the paper named as “Individual connectedness in innovation networks: On the role of individual motivation” written by Aalbersa, Dolfsmab and Koppiusb (2013).
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There have been negating views which supplement the importance of both the researches. Quantitative research methods are used by the researchers when they wish to make statements of situations which might take place in a population. This research style is based on probabilistic measures which form the basis of the theory.