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Addiction to drugs is among the most dominant consequence of drug usage that causes problems with major problems to drug users. Drug addiction is a state whereby, drug users become intoxicated due to repeated use of a certain substance. Drug addiction results in substance dependence whereby resisting the desire to take a given drug.
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This research will begin with the statement that with the recent importance on cultural diversity, counselors are challenged to achieve greater knowledge of the diversity of client beliefs and values. “Awareness of clients' spiritual and religious belief may help counselors understand their presenting issues and develop effectual interventions”.
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Maslow’s Theory of Human Development asserts that human beings intrinsically want things and are motivated to yearn for what they lack in their lives. Moreover, once one’s particular level of needs is satisfied, they no longer motivate people. They are motivated to pursue higher needs instead. The highest level of human needs is self-actualization.
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The project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation and a collaborative effort of several institutions, provides evidence to the consumption of aquatic brain foods such as fishes, turtles, and crocodiles by our ancestors which are rich sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids and docosahexaenoic acid.
Each individual has his or her own unique qualities and not everything may be likable to everyone. In counseling or therapy sessions, such biases may creep up and affect the counseling relationship between the counselor/ therapist and the client or patient especially if the client possesses some qualities that trigger the counselor’s own prejudices.
From the above literature, it is evident that social and psychological events are central to emotions and emotional behaviors, thus the need for emotional maturation from the primary caregivers to adolescence. The knowledge of emotion is important as it equips individuals with the understanding of emotions of themselves and others, as well as the power of emotions. Perhaps this will enhance how individuals manage themselves.
Afterward, we will discuss the different critiques on the issue of the big five-factor model as by reviewing six (6) peer-reviewed scholarly articles that would show the evaluation of the big five-factor model as the main purpose of this paper is to critique on the big five-factor model and in the end we will draw a conclusion about are the future directions of the big five-factor model.
The prevalence rate of attention hyperactivity disorder among the children ranges from 3-5% (DuPaul and Stoner 2003). There could be very subtle differences between children afflicted with the condition and their normal peers. However, in an ordinary setting, children with ADHD are excessively inattentive and distracted easily.
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The diagnostic tools consist of questions and prompts that help in assessing the symptoms, past life events, and the daily functioning levels of the individual. Recent advancements have proved helpful in understanding the risk factors associated with the intake of SSRIs during pregnancy and the relation of HPA hyperactivity with MDD and past childhood traumatic events.
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The explanation to this is that managers come down harder on an attractive woman than an ordinary looking one who had committed the same offense probably because the business has a sort of love-hate relationship with beauty. Managers tend to be harsher and insensitive to these dynamics as they’d like to avoid accusations about preferential treatment.
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The interplay of these factors influences the way in which an individual shapes the narrative of his/her life (Kroger, 2008). Different theorists have explained identity development using one or more of these factors; and although the theories differ to some extent the role of history, context and social interaction have been emphasized by most (Kroger).
Most of them include the atmosphere that the child has been brought up within. Under this, either a child is subject to violence and is forced to witness his family members committing violent actions on a regular basis, or he is pampered to such an extent that by throwing tantrums and being a little violent he is able to get with what he wants while getting away with violence.
Norm using in psychological tests is highly used and readily accepted in society, and they assist in interpreting psychological tests. In order to reach the best findings and interpretations, psychologists should always use test instruments in their practice of psychology. There is also a need to consider if research supports the presumptions underlying.
Being happy required stepping away from ourselves and creating happiness in others without expecting payback or recognition. People are unique, and each person should strive to achieve happiness without any interference. Human happiness is influenced by several factors, some of which are beyond human control.
In Carol Turkingston’s (2006) treatise on autism we find a more detailed definition, “Autism is a sever disorder of brain function marked by problems with social contact, together with ritualistic or compulsive behavior and bizarre responses to the environment”. Over the last few years, research into etiology and potential therapies has increased dramatically.
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The definition or the parameters that make up longitudinal research is still evolving. This, in addition to the fact that the model is composed of several other approaches, makes it a convenient model for this particular research. Specifically, one can identify case studies as the researchers focused on specific research for a particular point.
To gain the most exposure, the author chose a Wal Mart in a medium-sized city on a Friday and again on a Saturday, arguably the corporation’s busiest days. Subjects were observed at various points throughout the store, inside and out, including driving and walking habits in and around the parking lot.
Piaget’s research methods have come under criticism due to the methodology that he utilized. This is because he used basic question and answer techniques as well as statistical analysis of results. Critics attest to the lack of harmonization in questions and weak customization to the individual. His ideas about egocentrism have also been criticized.
In the discussion, the study will strive to answer the following questions; what are anxiety disorders? What causes anxiety disorders? What are the symptoms of anxiety disorders? How can anxiety disorders be diagnosed and treated? The study will also explore the various categories of anxiety disorders and their manifestation in the affected individuals.
Like an anxious person, depression causes one to get brain fog. A depressed person has difficulties in thinking straight and making rational decisions. Moreover, it is difficult for one to concentrate in class or follow a discussion. Depressed persons also get repetitive thoughts where go over one thought over and over again in their mind.
Nevertheless, it would be hazardous to lose sight of the reality that the alcohol in alcoholic drinks is ethanol, the same material that can power vehicles. Without doubt, alcohol is
The government has repeatedly called for the inclusion of all the five healthy food groups during meals. The outlined requirements are supported by evidence for the benefit of consumers. Society, however, has other forces that influence the choice of food. There are sweetened drinks that are labeled as having certain nutrients, and marketed as such (Evans, Greenwood, Thomas, & D.Cade, 2010).
This proposal will involve primary, secondary, and tertiary interventions to address the issue of substance abuse, more specifically drug abuse and addiction. The proposed program will cater mainly to adolescents (10 to 18 years) and young adults (18 to 25 years), the age groups most prone to substance abuse.
For a firm to sustain productivity and outdo the competition in service delivery, its internal stakeholders must be in the correct state of mind. Therefore, the firm must play its role in the positive psychology of employees and create a working environment that enables employees to be at their best state of mind for optimal productivity.
A borderline personality disorder is characterized by fluctuating patterns of unstable mood, sense of self and self-esteem as well as interpersonal relationship. Low self-esteem is the hallmark of borderline personality disorder. These individuals have fluctuating moods from irritability to depression that may occur within a short period.
Such influences are reflected in his relationship with family members. It’s also argued that while the human being is determined by genetic make-ups and political nature within the environment contributes much to personality development. Personality development is influenced by the surrounding ecological, social, political, economic, and cultural environment.
Drugs of abuse are psychoactive substances that people consume so as to change the way of thinking, behaving, or feeling. The most common of these agents include alcohol and tobacco. Other substances may be manufactured by drugs or natural drugs. Historically, these substances came from plants such as cannabis, cocaine and heroin.
Anger needs to be managed because too much of it would not eventually bring any good things to life. Instead, various unhappy consequences would just be the fearful expectations of a person who is totally controlled by his or her anger. Anger is said to result in self-condemnation and physical illnesses just to name some of its common consequences.
Stress has been significantly associated with several illnesses within the human body. Although in several cases, the disease may not be a direct result of the effect of stress, however, it can be concluded that stress has the capability to enhance the effects of a particular disease that an individual is already suffering from.
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The article notes that while there has been an emphasis on such psychological stress factors as key life events, not as much focus has been given to stress factors from earlier in life, in the form of childhood trauma. The article notes that there are higher incidences of reported trauma in childhood among patients with bipolar disorder compared to patients with unipolar disorder.
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The research procedure used in this study collects data about sensitive issues. Thus, it is necessary to ensure that the data is stored safely. It is also important that participants are debriefed properly after data collection and scoring are completed and should be helped to understand the meaning of their scores.
Berger (2010) explains that human development is multidirectional and thus there are several factors that shape human behavior. These factors also can be said to contribute to developmental challenges. The main challenge in the socio-emotional development of preschoolers can be explained through Sigmund Freud’s psychodynamic theory.
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Alfie Kohn’s article is about positive reinforcement or praise. The article does not condone negative reinforcement like time out or physical punishments. Kohn believes that praising children tends to benefit the parent, caregiver, or teacher more than the child. Praising a child is letting the child know that they have earned the praise.
Even though she had tried several types of diets as a liquid diet, fruit diets, and others, she used to lose weight but soon gained it after a short time. Exercising was in her schedule, but she was not consistent and quitted after the first month. During her efforts to lose weight, her average weight was 60 kg but now she measured 80 kg.
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Moskowitz (2009) notes that in as much as the media has been known to broadcast pro-drugs messages, the same avenue provides an appropriate opportunity to prevent adolescent substance abuse. The opportunity lies in the popularity of mass media among adolescents and the trust that this group has on the information communicated via mass media.
World War one gave rise to the subsequent testing tools. The U.S had the need for screening very many army recruits. Due to this, the APA and the committee of psychological recruits had to come up with good testing procedures. Psychologist Robert Yerkes came up with two tests known as the Army Alphas and the Beta tests.
She entered into the field of athletics after showing great capability throughout her junior and senior education. With encouragement from her parents and teachers, she decided to venture into the athletics field (Welnberg and Gould 248). Although she seems to possess great potential, her performance does not indicate her full potential.
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The examples they mentioned are alcoholics who are seeking help from Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and other treatments that offer 12-steps of escaping substance addictions. These people used spirituality to find meaning in their life which gave them hope to cope with their depression and continue their treatment.
The author of the paper has gathered several sources, ranging from books to websites to articles. However, the three peer-reviewed journal articles below are his favorite because they depart from what is generally known and accepted about dreams and challenges new and divergent territory.
Many diseases seem to overlap in the DSM model; in OCD, one may either count or not count kleptomania as they have many similarities as well as many differences. Compulsive shopping disorder is also another factor but in this case, patients buy a lot of things and are high in debt rather than stealing them.
Logically Ethics can be explained as the way of doing things right. The word right here has much value, as righteousness can be different from the eyes of different people, as the saying goes “one man’s rebel is another’s freedom fighter”. In relation to the case, numerous ethical issues can be high- lightened.
The effects of domestic violence upon the victim can be terrible and long-lasting, with both psychological and physiological marks being left. The first of these, by Ellsberg, Jansen, Heise, Watts & Garcia-Moreno explores the links between intimate partner violence and the physical and mental health using results from the WHO multi-national study on the topic
Treatment or management of sexual offense behaviors has a medical, psychological and legal perspective and calls for a comprehensive assessment of the individual case to understand and determine whether they have an association with mental illness or not, thus the method of treatment. Various methods of assessment of sex offensive cases in existence include but not limited.
This is a 17% increase from anorexia related hospitalizations in1999 to 2000. Studies have revealed that anorexia often begins between the ages of 15 and 18 years and typically does not occur after an individual reaches their mid-20s. This finding reveals that adults who seek treatment for the disease have usually struggled with this disorder much earlier in their life.
The use of methods such as informant reports to measure personality may also pose significant challenges. While using informant reports, many costs may be incurred. It consumes a lot of valuable time to collect data from informants; regarding the appropriate behaviour and traits that can be used to classify individuals based on personality.
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This is especially handy when conducting research as it allows for effective result analysis when using the wilcoxon test, man-whitnet test, Kruskal Wallis test, the ANOVA test
Studies on social influence distinguish social influence into two categories informational and normative. Normative influence is a case where an individual submit to social pressure e.g. peer pressure in order to gain acceptability (Baumeister & Bushman, 2009:225). Adolescents usually face the difficulty to make individual choices or succumb to social pressure.
Researchers from Mount Sinai Medical center and Colombia University, used data form broader-ranging surveys of children's behavior in approximately seven hundred and seven state families, in New York, (Krcmar, 2008). The families were randomly selected for the study; not because children in such families had any behavioral problem.
The strengths perspective serves to be an alternative to looking at the clients as “pathology units” (DeJong and Miller, 1995; Saleebey, 1996).In 1989, Weick et al came up with the term “strengths perspective”. It was used to refer to a system in which not only authority was clearly recognized by the practitioners but also the assets that a client possessed.
The book, “Mothers are like that”, written by Carol Carrick tributes mothers and eulogizes them. This book reveals the universal nature of all mothers in the world whether it is a chicken guarding her nest full of eggs or whether it a human mother tucking her baby into the bed at night. This book highlights the fact that all mothers are the same.