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The calls for democracy in the Hong Kong SAR are an indication of the strengthening of the roots of democracy in the country (Waldron, 2004). When the democratic process of elections was held in the year 2007 to elect a new party secretary of Fuxinqiao province, people at grass root levels were very happy to take part in the process.
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Unilateral intervention is intervention by one party against another or a league of others but importantly implies that there is one party “acting alone”. Israeli military incursions into the West Bank and Gaza Strip are unilateral military interventions by the state of Israel against the quasi encompassing the Palestinian Territories.
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Lenin’s imaginary future of Russian socialism can be found in Germany which means the Soviet state-forms built upon the economic forms of German state capitalism. Beilharz, P explains in relation to Lenin’s statement that ‘Socialism is inconceivable without large-scale capitalist engineering based on the latest discoveries of modern science.
Waltz further argues that by the 1990 bipolarity was coming to an end and predicted the emergence of a multi-polar system in line with Hobbes view of foreign policy that the international system is technically anarchical because there is no enforcement authority, which creates a complex myriad of multi-polar institutions and interstate relations (Waltz, 1995).
The election of Hamas was a purely internal issue. Hamas ran on a domestic reform platform, capitalizing on widespread discontent with years of Fatah corruption and ineffectiveness and its own reputation as a social service provider. Much of its campaign focused on internal Palestinian issues, playing down the conflict with Israel.
Lijphart’s book on Patterns of Democracy is a landmark perspective-based critique of the two democratic models and is invariably a more authoritative contribution to the ongoing debate on “which one is better”. His theoretical underpinnings ranging from Westminster Model’s basics – bicameral asymmetric legislature.
There is a degree of truth in Wilkinson’s predictions about potential threats being borne out by subsequent events. Many international terrorist groups have developed significant networks in order to aid each other in their terrorist activities. The 1960s saw antiwar and anti-colonialists bonding with each other and finding common ideals.
The author states that first and foremost it is important to remember that state interest or state preference operates in an anarchic environment. The international system is inherently unstable and is aptly characterized by widespread anarchy. Due to the absence of a supra-state authority, states are placed in inevitable and perpetual competition.
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Ethnicity is an incredibly fluid yet salient identity with important ramifications for a people. Often a slippery concept to define, ethnic issues and ideas about ethnicity and race are often highly explosive and problematic. Ethnicity implies certain rights and privileges and ethnic groups have historically competed for territory, resources and recognition.
Protests against the Iraq war began in late 2002 when George W. Bush spoke to the United Nations General Assembly on September 12, 2002, making a case for the war in Iraq. The single largest protest against the war was registered on February 15, 2003, when millions of people gathered in over 800 cities around the globe.
The importance of prior organization is a key component of the Political Process model and the black church played a dramatic role in both the Baton Rouge and Montgomery bus boycotts. The creation of indigenous organizations to coordinate the campaigns and cope with changing realities further attests to the necessity of internal organization during the bus boycott campaigns.
The victory of Barack Obama in the US presidential elections of 2008 was spectacular and promises to herald in a new era of governance. It is easy to forget that the Civil Rights movement to secure rights for the African Americans was just a few decades ago when the very thought of a person of color aspiring to the highest office in the US would have been unthinkable.
The main challenge in this regard is the development and strengthening of mutually beneficial relations with all countries in the region. The military-political and economic situation in the Middle East is largely influenced by the state of the world market for energy and weapons, the situation in inter-civilizational relations.
The Tyndall report further commented that the use of quotes from both sides was not adequately represented. For every quotation by a Palestinian official, three networks quoted 10 Israelis. Additionally, the stark contrast in the disparity between casualties on both sides was played down or not mentioned by US major news networks.
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The historical events are significant indicators of the reasons that the conflicts between the Monarchy and the Parliament were basically financial in nature. The Monarchy needed the consent of the parliament. It was for these reasons that the Monarchy tried many fair and foul means of garnering parliament support for their demands.
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Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz, a revolutionary leader, established a socialist government in Cuba in the year 1959. He had ruled Cuba from 1959 till February 2008, as its sole dictator (Burkhart, 2007). The United States recognized the government established by him on January 7, 1959. relations between these two nations were tense.
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The US-Japan cooperation in the research and development of missile interceptor has created warning signals and verbal attacks from the Chinese government. Though the cooperation of US and Japan is to safeguard the latter from North Korea’s missile attacks, the liberalized policy of Japan has also emerged as a disturbing factor to China.
This essay will explore the abrogation of sovereignty as a direct result of globalization and the increased salience of unilateral action by the dominant power in the international system. In addition, it's interesting to know that globalization is an international phenomenon with important geopolitical ramifications.
Writing for the Brookings Institution, Ashton Carter and David Schwartz (1984), defined the vital role of the military in peace as well as in war: 1) to deter adversaries from taking actions that are inimical to US interests (such actions can be political as well as military); 2) to assure friends and allies of protection.
The assumption that democracy can operate properly only through an informed and involved electorate has traditionally been the foundation of profound legal and moral principle, and a truism. New technology can boost the degree and particularly the value of mass participation within the framework of a representative democracy.
“Historically humans could be and have been disciplined into fine-tuned fighting machines. (Christina Masters, p. 114)The latest example of discrepancies in theory and practice can be witnessed in Israel’s intervention and massacres at Gaza city.
The initial problem with Article 2 as an absolute preventative measure against unilateral force is the inherent uncertainty in its wording. The reference to “purpose of the United Nations” clearly grants an element of discretion to member states to interpret and justify their actions as being in accordance with the purpose of the United Nations.
As the paper outlines, terrorism may be viewed as false flag operations carried out for the sheer purpose of fulfilling political agendas. Whatever the reality may be, those who are at the receiving end are all the same. It is the proverbial innocence that is put under the knife. Terrorism is the organized use of horror.
The process of political socialization has long been regarded as one of the major threats to the inclusion and free performance of large numbers of women in politics. It has resulted in several types of decayed practices in the political spheres of the modern nations and political thinkers have been almost unanimous about the defects of the system.
This was when the Southern States of America, like Georgia, Alabama, Tennessee, etc., were fighting for the land's rights, pressurizing the government to force the Indian tribes to leave their lands. The native Indian tribes of these Cherokee nations, on the other hand, were unwilling to move out and argued for Georgia to protect their rights as the residents of the state and to uphold the promises that were made to them by the past treaties.
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Parties have oftentimes been interpreted as mediums that convey together those of parallel political opinions. Parties are generally believed as varying from one another with regard to the perspectives and ideologies they support. Parties are perceived as domains in which standpoints regarding public affairs are well thought-out.
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Morgenthau elaborated six principles of political realism, which remained at the very core of his contributions toward the understanding of international politics. To understand the full weight of his intellectual input, we must consider his most important work – Politics among Nations – within the context in which it was conceived and articulated.
On the contrary, people desire to find the President as the primary political figure to American society's development. People detest several of the decisions and actions of recent Presidents and dread that perhaps there is something intrinsic in the constitution and its extra-constitutional powers that show the way to such exploitations and abuses.
Mao Zedong was the Chairman of the Communist Party of China from 1935 until his death in 1976. Mao has been credited for creating a unified China. It was for the first time since the Opium War that China was free of foreign domination. Mao developed his own brand of Marxism-Leninism that came to be known as Maoism.
Condemned by its neighbors as an unnatural colonial implant, Israel is frequently subject to international sanction and scrutiny. The status of the Palestinian people, seemingly on the cusp of statehood not long ago, remains increasingly complex and forever unresolved. The Palestinian community has recently been fractured by the Fatah/Hamas split.
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The history of American governance is replete with examples of a power struggle between Congress and presidency, between legislatures and executive. The U.S constitution, since its inception, divided governance of the country in three parts, Executive, Legislative and Judiciary. Each of these three branches of government shall work parallel manner.
The function of the Royal Prerogative as set forth by Dicey and further supplemented by Jennings appears to be the advancement of the will of the people. The powers accorded under the Royal Prerogative are substantial but the scope of their exercise is not clear and no precedent for its exercise exists in the U.K.
The Nobel Prize-winning dramatist of Nigeria, Wole Soyinka, who spent 3 years in prison for his pro-Biafran stand, writes in his prison notes, “today all the windows are shut, and now I interpret the distant sounds of other windows pulling and banging shut. A huge human hive is muffled, blindfolded.
It is easy to assume that registered voters make a trip to the polls on election day to decide the outcome of the next American president when in fact the process is long and complex. This past election was perhaps an excellent example of the process at work as America watched the outcome of individual state primaries.
Whereaѕ realiѕm and liberaliѕm tend to focuѕ on material factorѕ ѕuch aѕ power, conѕtructiviѕt approacheѕ emphaѕize the impact of ideaѕ. Inѕtead of taking the ѕtate for granted and aѕѕuming that it is ѕimply ѕeekѕ to ѕurvive, conѕtructiviѕtѕ regard the intereѕtѕ and identitieѕ of ѕtateѕ aѕ a highly malleable product of ѕpecific hiѕtorical proceѕѕeѕ
With the help of globalization, there is a feeling of connectedness (Steger 2003). It appears that all the people of the world are connected to each other through the word of globalization but the concept of globalization also informs about many disadvantageousness that has come up as a result of globalization.
We need theorieѕ to make ѕenѕe of the blizzard of information that bombardѕ uѕ daily. Even policymakerѕ who are contemptuouѕ of "theory" muѕt rely on their own (often unѕtated) ideaѕ about how the world workѕ in order to decide what to do.
In the Muslim world, particularly developing countries issues concerning political democracy are raised with special force because of the strength of the Islamic resurgence and the intensity of the demands in recent years which demand better political processes.
With terror and violence predominantly existing and arising in various parts of the world, there is a grave necessity to study the causes of such war and violence. The data obtained on Civil Disputes and War around the globe contains several categorical variables at more than 2 levels. Hence to compare these variables, statistical tests.
The need of the hour is the clear understanding of the mass destruction capabilities of the nuclear weapons that can result if this technology is acquired by the new age terrorists group, who believe in the justification of killing for their own vested agenda that involves holding the world community to ransom.
The EU has sustained the collapse of state-sponsored communism in Europe and has remained resilient in the face of tremendous geopolitical chance. While reinventing itself in the post-Cold War world and integrating former members of the Soviet block into its ranks, the EU has demonstrated a strong and sustained trajectory for growth.
Kenneth Waltz also contended that ideological factors were certainly capable of being causes of conflict in international relations whether in their own right or in conjunction with other factors. Ideological perspectives have been able to shape and even directly cause disputes and eventually wars between nation-states.
The potential effects of infrastructure systems on a country’s social and health benefits have been studied by Curwell et al. (2005). The above researchers tried to identify the effectiveness of infrastructure systems within the territory of the European Union. The case of the ‘IntelCities’ project of the European Union is put under examination.
The phrase ‘the first casualty of war is the truth’ likely could be applied at least in part to all of the conflicts between nations throughout the history of the world. The Iraq war, however, will be forever labeled as ‘the war’ that was based exclusively on lies. The truth died many deaths prior to the human casualties since the U.S. invasion
Hobbes’ theory postulates that there is no common power over the nation states participating, and therefore no obligation to be moral, which in turn facilitates a self-interested approach to foreign policy. Kant’s theory of international relations is the foundation of contemporary theoretical idealism, which directly undermines Hobbes’ realism.
Unilateral action on the political front has been a foreign policy objective of the United States under the stewardship of George W. Bush. Unilateralism explains the American decision to abrogated the Anit-Ballistic Missile Defence shield, the decision to ignore the Kyoto Accord, and finally, the decision to invade Iraq in 2003.
Can an entire cluster of ‘people’ really run a government? Even directly and indirectly elected representatives of the ‘people’ also cannot really – all of them together – run a government and State at one go. People themselves do not form an individual identity.
It is essential to say that many studies have shown that the Political Parties of today have changed significantly in the past few decades, both in industrialized countries and in the developing nations. The changes have inadvertently resulted in the weakening of connections between citizens and the state.
Suggest reasons why we should be concerned about low turnout in elections.
Low turnout leads to lesser participatory democracy and the only way in which democratic systems succeed is by making the people participate in the electoral process.
What social, economic, and demographic factors have an impact on voter turnout?
In the aftermath of the Hutu massacre of the Tutsi Rwandans, more than a million men, women, and children lay viciously murdered by machete-wielding Hutu rebels. Calls for help had gone unanswered, and the world; and the Clinton administration stood by, denying that there was a genocide taking place.